Chapter 2868: Confessing the title of Maobaotu Kaiguo
Liu Yu frowned: "This is what I have never understood. Cao Cao used the method of punishment to rule the world and promoted meritocracy. Therefore, the scholars in the world refused to accept it. After nearly two hundred years of crazy development in the Eastern Han Dynasty,
, Landowners and tycoons who had not been able to achieve success in the Qin Dynasty and the Western Han Dynasty became powerful one after another, and families like the Yuan family with four generations and three nobles appeared, but they were still not considered aristocratic families. The most important point is that among these titles
According to the laws of the Han Dynasty, those who are not nobles are not allowed to serve as officials. Although the Eastern Han Dynasty did not suppress the tyranny, it did not allow a certain family or surname to hold the position of the central court by relying on the hereditary title of the title. This is the case of the Yuan family.
One example, but after arriving in Cao Wei, everything changed."
Liu Muzhi nodded: "Yes, although Cao Cao himself came from a powerful landlord family, he also knew that the powerful landlords and powerful people occupying areas are completely opposite to the basic function of the country to collect taxes. The stronger the landlords, the stronger the country.
The weaker the country was, so Cao Cao implemented separate management of household registrations across the country for military and civilian households during the war, and only awarded titles to those with military merit. He ruthlessly killed those nobles who opposed him. In this way, although he strengthened the imperial power,
However, when Cao Cao was alive, they did not dare to break away from the powerful nobles and landlords. However, in the last years of Cao Cao's life, they had begun to have a tendency to confront each other in many places, especially when it came to usurping the Han Dynasty. People like Xun or
Veteran ministers of many years took the lead in opposing him, and people like Yang Xiu were also alienated from him."
Liu Yu laughed: "Isn't this Yang Xiu one of the members of the original mafia? It seems that the establishment of this mafia world is to deal with rulers like Cao Cao who have real power."
Liu Muzhi smiled slightly: "Yes, that was when the aristocratic family was initially taking shape. The world was going from great chaos to early rule, and more than nine-tenths of the population were lost. There was an urgent need to restore vitality. At this time, a large number of talents were needed, and because of literacy and
For cultural reasons, most of these talents were the original scholars, and Cao Cao had to use them. There were many people but few people. In Cao Cao's era, the phenomenon of people occupying shady houses began to appear, and it was impossible for him to attack them comprehensively. He could only target some
The scholars who openly opposed him were trying to scare the monkeys. Yang Xiu and the others were members of the first generation of the mafia, just to have a way to oppose Cao Cao. I wonder if Cao Cao knew about the existence of this organization and killed him, but the final result was
From then on, the Mafia went underground and continued to fight secretly. This opportunity presented itself to Cao Pi."
Liu Yu said sternly: "Yes, the battle between Cao Cao's heir apparents was very fierce. In the end, Cao Pi won. However, in this battle, Cao Cao's sons were also killed and crippled. The Cao family itself was a eunuch, so the foundation of the family
It is not deep, the population is thin, and with such internal fighting, the clan is even more scarce. The world always needs someone to govern and guard. If there is no clan, we can only rely on the powerful landlords or the high-ranking families that began to form at this time.
From landowner to aristocratic family, there is only one final step left."
Liu Muzhi nodded vigorously: "It is the rules and laws that allow big landowners to inherit power!"
Liu Yu breathed a long sigh of relief and continued: "Yes, this is the origin of the nine-level Zhongzheng system. Cao Cao did not usurp the Han Dynasty. Firstly, he did not want to bear this bad reputation and left it to his son. Secondly, he also did not get the landowners and nobles.
Xun or other old ministers may not want to bear this reputation because they are loyal to the Han Dynasty, but the new generation of scholars like Yang Xiu obviously took sides politically. If the gentry in the world do not openly support, then even Cao Cao
If you usurp the throne, you will be regarded as a traitor and a traitor, and you will not be able to last long."
"So, when Cao Pi came to power, he had to make compromises with the powerful landlords. This is the origin of the nine-level Zhongzheng system. In the Eastern Han Dynasty, there was a recommendation method for local officials to be appointed by local wise elders. These people often
It was the local big landowners who came to recommend local virtuous people to be officials. The so-called promotion of talents and filial piety was like this. However, in the Eastern Han Dynasty, these people also had to pay attention to their influence and reputation, so as not to casually recommend their own bad conduct.
The younger generation who have no talent or knowledge are mostly recommended by people who have a reputation for virtue in the local area, and this reputation for virtue is mostly the word filial piety."
Liu Muzhi laughed: "Yes, since the Western Han Dynasty, the world has been governed by filial piety. After all, Liu Bang conquered the world as an official of the Qin Dynasty. Although it can be said that he raised troops to eliminate violence, the word loyalty cannot be mentioned in any case.
We can only talk about filial piety. By the Eastern Han Dynasty, such recommendations could not directly test the recommended person's actual ability to govern the country, or even his Confucianism in classics, history, and history. Therefore, we could only rely on the word filial piety as the highest standard for judging virtue.
This is the origin of a large number of stories about filial sons and virtuous grandchildren in the Eastern Han Dynasty. However, although the talents born in this way may not have real abilities, if they are truly filial sons, they often have a loving and loyal heart, and they will not be too bad for the country and the people.
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Liu Yu sighed: "It's a pity that when Cao Pi arrived, as soon as the nine-level Zhongzheng system came out, things changed. In the past, the local Zhongzheng recommended talents, and they also had to take into account their local influence. But Cao Pi's deal quickly changed the situation.
This Zhongzheng became a situation where the DPRK and the Central Committee sent people to recommend and inspect talents in local areas. This quickly turned into a power transaction. Zhongzheng would collude with local powerful people to recommend the children of these powerful people, or simply recommend the children of their own family. Under Cao Pi
During the period, such recommendations were linked to titles, which ensured that power would always be monopolized by those powerful families, and ordinary people would never be able to get ahead. How similar it was to me since I moved south during the Great Jin Dynasty!"
"Because of the emergence of such a system, the powerful landlords have truly become aristocratic families. Not only do they occupy large areas of farmland and population in their areas, but they also have the system to ensure that they can always be officials and the power of central officials.
Recommended talents often go directly to the court to serve as officials, and they do not just serve as local officials, so power becomes hereditary. The Sima family can usurp power to replace the Wei Dynasty. This is the best manifestation of the local big family's complete control of the central power. And this system
, has continued since Sima Yi seized power to this day, not only causing the tragedy of the Eight Kings Rebellion, but also the bane of our hundreds of years of ineffectiveness since the Jin Dynasty moved south!"
Liu Muzhi's expression also became serious: "Yes, since the founding of the Jin Dynasty, titles have been combined with the official selection method of the nine-rank Zhongzheng system. The title can be hereditary and replaceable. Above the fifth rank,
Founding titles began to appear again. During the Western Jin Dynasty, founding titles only allowed people with titles to formally seal Maobao soil, and use one-third of the household tax in a certain area as their food and salary, and send slaves, you
This is how the founding Duke of the Yuzhang County with 10,000 households and the civil and military assistants of the Zhenjun General's Mansion came to be."