There are one hill and eight buildings in the Northern Prefecture of the Eastern Jin Dynasty Chapter 5374: The eternal plan to extend favor and regain land
Chapter 5374: The eternal plan to extend favor and regain land
Bai Hu's eyes flashed coldly as he continued: "In countries where there are great nobles and princes, the internal power is often not centralized and unified, and there may even be a fierce conflict between the power of the monarch and the power of these great nobles, which will eventually lead to the Qin Dynasty.
This country, which had no great nobility and the common people were officials, was destroyed. Finally, Qin Shihuang destroyed the six kingdoms and replaced the original feudal model with a centralized emperor system. This was an epoch-making change!"
Xuanwu nodded: "Yes, the great unification not only ended the enfeoffment system, but also the county system allowed officials directly appointed by the central court to take charge of local governance, which prevented the previous feudal princes from actually controlling local areas.
, in the end, the descendants were hereditary, and the big tail could not be lost. Like the emperor of Zhou, in the end, only a piece of land was left. Any vassal state that survived until the Warring States period was more powerful than them. In fact, the Zhou Dynasty's world existed in name only from the early Eastern Zhou Dynasty.
Well, Qin Shihuang's unification was actually based on learning this historical lesson and no longer allowed the princes to become powerful, but instead eliminated the monarch."
Having said this, Xuanwu paused: "Then, when it comes to the military system, you continue to talk about the distinction between civil and military affairs since the Qin Dynasty, and how come the gentry, or nobles, lost their military power in the Qin and Han Dynasties?"
Baihu said calmly: "Strictly speaking, the military system of the Qin Dynasty was the universal military and political system after Shang Yang's reform. It first took advantage of the historical change of barbarians joining the army and becoming common people, and separated the common people among the gentry.
The gentry, together with the common people who were rewarded for their merits in the war, became the first batch of common people landowners. These common people landowners no longer obeyed the orders of the previous gentry families, but obeyed the orders of the imperial court. The land in their hands also
Nationalization was actually the core of the reforms in various countries during the Warring States Period, because all reforms and reforms, to put it bluntly, ended with changes in the land system, and all people were dependent on the land."
Xuanwu nodded with satisfaction and said: "That's very good, Mr. Baihu, the titles of common people landowners are issued by the state, and these grassroots powers are also given by the state to the corresponding grassroots officials through titles. In other words, these common people's titles are given to them by the state.
Landowners, their land and power are all given by the state, so they can only serve the state, not the original gentry owners, right?"
Bai Hu said sternly: "Yes, because the design of Shang Yang's title system is that in addition to Qin Jun, the knight title will also be reduced. This is destined that the big nobles will not be able to retain a large number of titles for a long time and then occupy a large amount of land. Instead,
Because he has many heirs, he needs to divide the existing land and give it to some children to inherit. Otherwise, these heirs, who do not have titles or noble status, will face the risk of having no land to survive, or even starving to death. Therefore,
The land allocated to the great nobles became less and less, while the state held more and more land. This was the most powerful and famous policy during the Han Dynasty."
Qinglong responded quickly: "It's the favor order of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, the one who is known as the number one conspiracy throughout the ages, right?"
Baihu smiled slightly and said: "Lord Qinglong is really powerful. He got it right right away. Yes, the favor order means that the prince of the Han Dynasty and all the sons of the clan are eligible to inherit a piece of his father's fiefdom. This trick is really too great.
Cruel, originally the concubine could still be fostered in the legitimate son's home. As a co-clan who does not occupy land resources but has no worries about food and clothing, the land belonging to this family can still be inherited. As long as the title is not reduced, the land will not be lost.
few."
"But once the order of favor is issued, all the princes, whether they are legitimate sons or concubines, can be allocated a piece of their father's fiefdom. The legitimate sons can inherit their father's title and continue to occupy these lands. However, if the concubine does not have a title, he will die.
After that, these lands were taken back to state ownership. In this way, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty could quickly take back the state ownership of most of the feudal states belonging to the clan and princes of the Han Dynasty, re-establish counties and counties, and govern them with officials appointed by the court. In fact, this
Zhao was also used in the Qin Dynasty. The reason why Shang Yang's reform was successful was that it severely attacked the interests of the Qin Dynasty's clan aristocrats and took back these clan fields as state-owned, which was used as capital to bribe the people of Qin. A hundred years before the Qin Dynasty
Over time, several generations of royal families had caused chaos and the country was almost destroyed, so Shang Yang's move won the firm support of Qin Xiaogong, but the side effect was that the Qin clan has been powerless since then."
"After Hu Hai ascended the throne, this approach of weakening the clan reached its extreme. Hu Hai killed all his brothers and sisters to ensure that his throne was not threatened by the clan, but it also became a way for Zhao Gao to toy with him at will until he killed him.
In view of this and the fact that several kings with different surnames rebelled during the founding of the country and were eliminated by Liu Bang, the Han Dynasty made his nephews the vassal kings and divided them into various places. Although this ensured the stability of Liu Han's regime
, but it also puts the world at risk of following the old path of the Zhou Dynasty and being divided again. The chaos of the Seven Kingdoms is a great evil result of this feudal system."
Qinglong said in a deep voice: "Yes, these historical lessons were repeated over and over again until Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty used the Tuen Order to completely solve the problem of feudal kings causing rebellion. However, these are a bit far. The military system of Qin and Han Dynasties
Changes, the relationship between the gentry as a whole and the army dominated by common people, I would like to hear Mr. Baihu talk about this in detail. In fact, I don’t know much about this change in the military system, and I would like to hear you explain the order.
.”
Bai Hu nodded and said sternly: "The Qin Army is actually a military system that recruits the old Qin people in Guanzhong, or the common people as the main body. After Shang Yang's reforms, it quickly used the grassroots officials who served as veterans after returning home.
The organizational model of the army can be directly applied to daily life. In peacetime, it serves the people, and in wartime, it serves as a soldier. Five households are one protector. In wartime, five young men form a team, and in a village, a hundred households often form a team.
, the team is led by a centurion, who is often the village chief or one of the three elders in the village. After the battle, the person who has made the most meritorious service will be awarded a higher title. After returning, he can often succeed the village official. This is decided first.
In order to protect his official position, the village chief had to take the lead in the battle or ask his nephew to join the army. If he had this enthusiasm, the mobilization power of the Qin people would be very strong."
Suzaku laughed: "Yes, you said before that these common people landowners, or Qin officials, are all powerful characters in the local area. They usually run rampant in the countryside. If they let others take their position, they will be punished.
It's so miserable. Even for this reason, they have to respond positively and take the lead in joining the army to really protect the country and the family." (End of Chapter)