Doupeng raised his lips disdainfully and said: "Actually, at this point, I have always believed that as a descendant of the Shang Dynasty, Confucius should not publicly speak about his ancestors no matter how wrong they were.
No, he himself emphasizes filial piety and blood inheritance the most, but he personally said that I followed the Zhou Dynasty and was depressed and ignorant, which is tantamount to betraying his ancestors. Isn't this contradictory?"
The ancestor laughed: "Even if he is an ancestor, it does not mean that everything he does is right. At most, it can only be said that he has his own blood inheritance. As for whether what he did is right, then the descendants should have their own
Judgment, from this point of view, Confucius has no problem, because during the Shang Dynasty, gods and ghosts were alive, and people
In the era of demons and dances, Confucius had already entered the era of mankind. Killing people to sacrifice ghosts and gods was already considered evil and wrong by the entire world at that time. Confucius could no longer insist on it, because in the Shang Dynasty before
It was because of the large-scale killings and sacrifices that aroused public anger that the country collapsed."
"Therefore, Confucius had to re-create a set of doctrines for the era at that time. Taoism only cared about its own practice and did not care about national affairs, while Legalism did not have Shang Yang to summarize and shape it at this time, so Confucius's Confucianism took into account all kinds of things.
The head of the family, the strong Taoist
The theory of adjusting personal cultivation is integrated into the Confucian theory of self-cultivation and governing the country. You must first cultivate your own skills, then govern the country and bring peace to the world, realize political ambitions, and finally achieve the unity of personal cultivation and benefiting the world. It must be said that this set is perfect.
It pointed out the highest goal of the nobles."
"Confucius' Confucianism also stipulates the king for the stability of the world and the existence of order. The emperor is the spokesperson of God in the world, the incarnation of God, and the highest ruler. Therefore, the king is the father, and the king is heaven.
Among the three cardinal principles and the five constant principles, the principle of kings and ministers is the highest one, which means that everyone in the world,
Everyone must be loyal to this king and treat him like a father. This stipulates that loyalty and filial piety are the first moral principles for life. You must be loyal to the king above and filial to your father below. When loyalty and filial piety cannot be both, loyalty must still come first. This is
It is the keynote of the entire Confucian theory, and all principles of conduct in life must revolve around the two words of loyalty and filial piety."
The black robe nodded and said seriously: "Yes, Confucius's characterization actually means that the world needs stability, and the first prerequisite for stability is to make it clear that the king is the emperor, the spokesperson of God in the world, and everyone
Don't be disloyal or have delusional thoughts
In order to replace the monarch and stand on one's own, only by first making it clear that there is a supreme monarch, the emperor, and everyone's status as ministers, can we ensure that no one in the world will compete for the position of the supreme ruler or rebel. Only in this way can we ensure that
Stability and peace in the world."
"As for the position under the Emperor, as you said, ancestor, you can fight for it based on your ability. After the demise of the Shang Dynasty and the beginning of the Zhou Dynasty, basically the leaders of the tribes and princes became the Emperor of Zhou.
When a minister becomes an official in the dynasty, he is also equivalent to becoming a hostage, allowing his nephew to manage the tribe. While he is helping the emperor of Zhou to govern the world,
At that time, orders were also handed over to others. If there was a foreign war, these princes would personally lead the troops into battle and fight for the country. This model of ministers solved the problem of officials in the central court of the Zhou Dynasty and was also the beginning of centralization of power.
At the beginning, it was completely different from the situation in the Shang Dynasty where the princes only paid tribute once every few years but did not have to serve as officials in the Shang Dynasty."
The ancestor smiled and said: "Yes, this system of ministers entering the Zhou Dynasty as officials is relatively unique, but in each prince's own country, the nobles hold official positions. These official positions cannot be interfered by even the emperor of Zhou.
, the Emperor of Zhou could only control the level of the princes, and the appointment of their own officials and subordinates by the princes was the internal affairs of the princely states.
, and the officials of these vassal states were served by the former nobles, nobles, and people of each tribe. We have already talked about this evolutionary process. Generally speaking, they are the descendants of the previous kings.
The descendants will slowly become the nobles, nobles, and citizens of this vassal country, and become members of the ruling group."
"So, since the Spring and Autumn Period, it has always been this kind of gentry. Only when the country's talents have the right to join the army and fight can they be qualified to obtain post-war benefits, including political and economic rights. Ordinary savages are not even qualified to fight and gain power.
, can only engage in farming and pay taxes and levy. Therefore, make sure
Only the gentry can be educated, read and write, and have the ability to govern the country. This has been a top priority for thousands of years and is also the fundamental reason why the gentry can always retain political power. This point has been almost never mentioned by anyone since Confucius.
, until now Liu Yu has been trying to change this and turn things around."
The black robe said in a deep voice: "It can be said that Confucius also wanted to share this power of education with the whole world, not just to the nobles, but also wanted the common people to have the qualifications to receive education. What did he think? Didn't he
Do you know that the power of this kind of knowledge is the reason why he, who is also a nobleman, maintains his status?"
The ancestor said calmly: "So Confucius wanted to become a saint. He wanted to sacrifice the interests of the entire gentry so that education could be popularized and become something that common people could get. However, he still failed because of the method of education.
, it is necessary to teach and puzzle, and teaching requires books. In his time, bamboo slips were used as writing tools, which meant that it was impossible for books to be passed down to the world on a large scale. It was destined that education and literacy were generally taught at home.
To solve doubts, people need to teach and explain them. Although Confucius himself could solve doubts and recruit many disciples, how much could he teach by himself? Would the disciples and students he taught be like him?
Does Confucius spend his whole life just to educate others? As a nobleman, Confucius himself had no worries about food and clothing, but could he guarantee that all teachers in the world would be like him, just to teach others knowledge, and yet he could live a decent life?
?”
Doupeng laughed: "This is the reason why Confucius won a good reputation and became a saint, but his methods could not really be passed down. The nobles are still nobles, and they can still rule the whole world with knowledge.
Until Liu Yu wanted to go one step further and accomplish what Confucius failed to accomplish, huh, his ambition was so great that even becoming a saint might not be enough to satisfy him."
The ancestor nodded: "Liu Yu has now developed the art of printing and rubbings, which can copy books in large quantities. If the country's compulsory order allows the nobles to teach cultural knowledge to civilians and military officers, it will indeed change the world.
The possibility, we have to deal with this carefully later."