"However, when I read the original intention of the sages, I found that the whole family was not uniform, and the common people almost exhausted my talents, so I ignored the orders." [Book of Commandments]
Just as an emperor must pay attention to his legitimacy when he ascends the throne and succeeds to the throne, every dynasty will also face such an important issue at the beginning of its rise, that is, orthodoxy, that is, the issue of legitimacy.
For example, Emperor Gao was originally just a pavilion chief, much lower than the nobles of the Six Kingdoms. Why did he end up taking over the world? Why did the Liu family become emperor for generations and not someone else's turn?
Of course, ordinary lower-class people would not consider these things. All they care about is whether the emperor and his ministers can allow them to live in peace, but they also need a reason to respect the Liu family forever. And the most important thing in governing a country is
They are still intellectuals, and the smarter the intellectuals are, the harder it is to convince them than ordinary people. Therefore, at the beginning of the founding of the Han Dynasty, Liu had been eager to find a suitable theory to explain the two key issues mentioned above.
As long as this problem persists, the Liu family's throne cannot be said to be permanent.
Fortunately, during the reign of Emperor Xiaowu, a person appeared. The theory he proposed not only solved the Liu family's urgent needs, but also properly solved the rationality of the establishment of a centralized political system of feudal monarchy and the Liu family's mandate from heaven.
, the issue of the legitimacy of governing all peoples.
That person's name is Dong Zhongshu.
He combined and absorbed the traditional Confucianism of the Pre-Qin Dynasty with the Legalist method of punishment and naming, and Yin-Yang thought, and re-created a set of so-called New Confucianism centered on "Gongyang Chunqiu", which is Jinwen Jingxue. It contains the "Heaven"
Theories such as "human induction", "divine right of kings", and "three cardinal principles and five constant principles" catered to the needs of Emperor Xiaowu. Jinwen Jingxue thus became the official mainstream thought of the Han Dynasty, and from then on began an academic situation in which hundreds of schools of thought were dismissed and Confucianism was respected only.
However, with the sharp social conflicts in the late Western Han Dynasty, Jinwen Jingxue itself began to deviate from the path of the subtle meaning of the scriptures, becoming complicated and empty, and no longer suitable for governing the world. Coupled with the theoretical needs of Wang Mang's usurpation of the throne and reform of the system, it has gradually become a climate.
The ancient classics began to enter the political arena, competing with the modern classics for the right to speak of the mainstream ideology.
Moreover, most of the people who admired the ancient scriptures were Kansai nobles, while those who were familiar with the modern scriptures were the Kanto nobles. The dispute over ancient scriptures also evolved into a competition between political groups and academic factions in the east and west.
This struggle lasted for more than two hundred years.
For the emperor, as long as it meets the needs of the current era, it doesn't matter which ancient and modern classics are the mainstream. As for Cao Cao's guilt or innocence, it all depends on the emperor's thoughts. The reason why there is such a big discussion is actually to take this opportunity.
Trying to reform the differences between ancient and modern Confucianism that lasted for more than 400 years during the Han Dynasty, and integrate them into a new Confucianism.
So after meeting everyone, the emperor went straight to the point: "Do you all know what the discussion about the Imperial Academy is now?"
Everyone looked at each other and nodded tacitly. It was useless to say anything at this time. The most important thing was to wait for the emperor to set the tone for this matter.
"Cao Cao's original intention to avenge his father was good, but the process was too brutal." The emperor's tone was unhurried and he looked at everyone's faces one by one: "You must do what you have ordered, but if
Zheng Jun and others said that Cao Cao killed innocent people indiscriminately and should be imprisoned. In fact, you all know in your heart that the discussion about Cao Cao's revenge is just a topic. What really needs to be discussed is actually the differences between each family.
See."
"Jinnuo." Cui Lie was the first to welcome his superior's suggestion and said first: "The disputes between the two families all started from the Spring and Autumn Annals. The Zuo family is not from Confucius, but from Qiu Mingjin, who passed down the master-disciple tradition, and there is no other person."
, how can it be regarded as a single scripture? However, "Gongyang" has simple words and profound meanings. It was passed down by Confucius's masters and disciples, and it can be regarded as orthodox. This time when Cao Cao attacked Xuzhou, my foolish ministers thought that Wu Zixu's attack on Chu should be based on what "Gongyang" said.
As an example of revenge, please show mercy."
As soon as he finished speaking, Dr. Han Rong from Yingchuan, Ming Jing doctor, spoke up and said: "I second my opinion. In ancient times, there were wise kings and wise ministers who got along well with each other and the world was governed. Therefore, the words and deeds of the king and ministers must be described in accordance with the past. If it does not conform to the "Five Classics"
The meaning of this is to rebel against the classics. The inheritance of the two schools of thought in "Fei's Yi" and "Zuo's Spring and Autumn" is unknown, and "Zuo's" has missing records of fourteen things, which are contrary to history, how can it be regarded as a classic?"
Among these two people, Cui Lie has always looked after the emperor since he was promoted to the rank of servant and took charge of collecting books and compiling the "Huang Lan"; while Han Rong was both a great scholar at the time and a native of Yingchuan. Who was standing behind him?
It was clear at a glance. After the two of them expressed their attitudes, the emperor turned his attention to Huan Dian, who had a family relationship with the Yang family and had a family history of "Ouyang Shangshu".
For these nobles who have studied the scriptures for generations and almost monopolized the right to interpret a scripture, the most intolerable thing they can't tolerate is that the rise of new doctrines will shake their inherent status. After all, no one is willing to accept what their ancestors have inherited from generation to generation.
The scriptures that came down were criticized as useless.
"In the Spring and Autumn Period, Gongyang has always been the main focus. Now when discussing Cao Cao's revenge, it should be handled according to the rules." Huan Dian's words were flawless.
Cui Lie saw the opportunity and said: "As for Mr. Zheng, I think he is just a Taizhong official. He often goes to Taixue to talk about scriptures, which is inappropriate and may disturb the students' practice. After the matter is over, you might as well dismiss him and put him in peace."
Duty."
This statement was so surprising that even the upright Huan Dian couldn't help but glance sideways at Cui Lie.
"If you don't argue, you won't be clear, and if you don't argue, you won't be clear." The emperor retorted: "Zheng Jun studied ancient and modern classics and studied all the classics. He is a rare Confucian scholar in the world. If you don't use this debate, how can you know which one is better and which one is worse?
?Moreover, Taixue is a place where doctrines are taught and knowledge is studied. How can we exclude a great Confucian like Zheng Jun?"
Cui Lie originally tried to figure out the holy intention and wanted to cater to the emperor, but he didn't expect that he would get it wrong. He rounded off his words and said hesitantly: "But, what your majesty said is true. Just like when Emperor Xiaoxuan was in Shiqu Pavilion,
Emperor Xiaozhang summoned all the Confucian scholars in the White Tiger Palace to discuss matters, so he had to collect opinions from all the people and listen to them to gain understanding."
"This is exactly the truth." The emperor nodded and said: "At the beginning, Emperor Xiaoxuan summoned all the Confucian scholars to try to determine the similarities and differences of the Five Classics in order to find a way to achieve the same goal through different paths. However, there were different opinions and it was difficult to unify. Until Emperor Xiaozhang came to judge Baihu in person.
After watching the meeting, we managed to harmonize the two. Now that it is my turn, how can we not inherit the wishes of our forefathers, draw on the strengths of others, and merge the ancient and modern families into one?"
"this……"
Everyone did not expect that the emperor did not have the idea of suppressing the ancient scriptures. Instead, he wanted to integrate the two and combine them into one family. This made their previous wanton criticism of the ancient scriptures very embarrassing. In comparison, Huan Dian was still able to speak.
.
Ancient and modern classics are not incompatible. For example, Zheng Xuan was proficient in both ancient classics and modern classics. He was the master of the two classics. It can be seen that in the middle and late Eastern Han Dynasty, ancient classics had already begun to merge. What the emperor wanted to do
, which means breaking away from the shackles of ancient and modern Confucian classics in the past, leading the historical process of integrating ancient and modern Confucian classics by oneself, and adding one's own thoughts to it.
This discussion is just the beginning. Zheng Xuan must have had the same idea, otherwise he would not have rushed to Chang'an and personally stood up for Ma Rixi and others to promote this debate caused by Cao Cao.
.
Seeing that the time was almost up, the emperor stood up and said loudly:
"As the saying goes, 'Miscellaneous words and great meaning', if they are complicated and pretentious, they will be deleted, and if they are inappropriate, they will be modified. At that time, Emperor Guangwu deleted hundreds of thousands of chapters and sentences in the Five Classics to finalize the classics. Now that the great Confucian scholars are in court, why not take advantage of the discussions in the Imperial Academy and compile it again?
A sutra following "Spring and Autumn Fanlu" and "White Tiger Tongyi" is published? "