There is currently no Great Khan in the Kazakh Khanate, and various sultans and elders are fighting for power. Therefore, Sultan Touq sent envoys to Emperor Guangwu, hoping to get the support of the Ming Dynasty and become the master of the Kazakh Khanate.
The country was founded by Klei Khan and Janibek Khan of the Jochi lineage, descendants of the Mongolian Golden Family. It was officially founded in 1470. At its peak, it reached the Irtysh River in the east, the Ishim River in the north, and the Turgai River in the north.
Omsk, Omsk, west to the Caspian Sea, south to the Syr Darya River, are all its territory.
The area where they live is called the Qinchak Grassland, which is divided into Big Yuzi, Zhongyuzi, and Xiaoyuzi; it is also called the Big Tent, the Middle Tent, and the Small Tent. The Middle Tent is in the central highlands of Kazakhstan, the Small Tent is from the Ural River to the Caspian Sea, and the Big Tent is from the Ural River to the Caspian Sea.
West of Lake Balkhash to Turkestan. In addition to Kazakhs, the small tent also attracts many Nogai people.
During the era of Hasim Khan, the country reached its peak, with a population of more than one million and an army of 300,000. This great Khan was worthy of being a descendant of Genghis Khan. He occupied Dashukan and defeated the forces of Shaibani Khan of Bukhara.
Attack; received Said Khan of the Yarkand Khanate in Turkestan; united with the Gilghis and defeated the Yarkand Army of the Chagatai Khanate.
After the death of Hasim Khan, Tavukal Khan exercised the power of the khan, and the military power and political influence of the Kazakh Khanate reached its highest peak. He personally led his army to occupy the city of Samarhan and surrounded the Bukhara Khanate.
and the Khiva Khanate, forcing the Bukhara Khanate to negotiate peace with it. The two parties signed the "Bukhara-Kazakhstan" treaty, which stipulated that all of southern Kazakhstan was lost, and Samarhan was owned by the Kazakh Khanate.
If the development continues like this, the Kazakh Khanate, as the largest power in Central Asia, will not be a dream to unify Central Asia. However, due to the squeeze of Tatar Mongolia (Eastern Mongolia) after the reorganization of Dayan Khan, the Oirat Mongolia (Oirat Mongolia) moved westward
After moving westward, in order to compete for pasture, the Desert Mongolia (Oirat Mongolia) started a war with the Kazakh Khanate in 1524. This war lasted for a long time. Without the intervention of Emperor Guangwu, it would have lasted from the 16th century to the 18th century.
century, known in history as the "Two Hundred Years War" between Oirat and Kazakhstan.
You beat me, I beat you, from generation to generation, until death.
In 1628, Kazakh Yangir Khan succeeded to the throne. He was a brave and fearless warrior. He met another brave and fearless warrior, Batur Hutaiji of the Junggar tribe of Mongolia in the desert.
Yangjier Khan and Batur Hutaiji, the contest between two warriors, a heroic epic.
Batur Hutaiji of Junggar was a famous warrior from Mongolia in the Desert and a wise and wise politician. He vigorously developed agriculture, animal husbandry, and handicrafts, built cities and settled down, improved firearms, and formulated legal codes. Under his leadership,
, Junggar’s national strength is getting stronger day by day.
Batur Hutaiji led the Junggar people to fight everywhere, hoping to build a great empire. There was a big mountain standing in front of him, the father of Yangir Khan, Yesmukhan.
Yesmukhan is the younger brother of the Kazakh national hero Tavukhale Khan. He is tall and brave in battle. He is known as the "burly and great Yesmukhan (hero)". After he succeeded to the throne, he changed his brother Tavu
Keller Khan's foreign policy established friendly relations with neighboring countries. He turned the Bukhara Khanate into a vassal state, and took advantage of the Rakshasa people's annexation of the Siberian Khanate to take over the remaining forces of the Siberian Khanate and repel them many times.
The Rakshasa people sent an envoy to Moscow to negotiate a contract and divide the original territory of the Siberian Khanate with the Rakshasa people. He also supplemented the "Hasmukhan Code" and formulated the "Hasmukhan Customary Law". In short,
This is a powerful Khan King.
The brave Batur Hutaiji was never afraid of powerful opponents. In 1635, he led the Junggar army to attack the Kazakh Khanate, defeated Yesmukhan's army, and captured Prince Yangir.
The young prince is handsome and knowledgeable. He is not afraid of the powerful Batur Hutaiji in Moxi and talks and laughs happily.
This young man is a hero, amazing!
Batur Hutaiji, who knows heroes, values heroes, and has a broad mind, did not kill the little prince Yang Gil, but gave him a horse and let him escape.
Ordinarily, Batur Hutaiji should be grateful to Prince Yang Gil for not killing him, but between countries, there are only interests and no personal feelings. Prince Yang Gil not only did not remember the kindness of not killing, but instead helped his father plot revenge.
Frequent military attacks on the Junggar people on the border.
In 1643, Yesmukhan died, and Prince Yangjier succeeded to the throne. Batur Hutaiji decided to capture the tiger that had been released into the mountains and put it in a cage again. He organized a massive expedition with Heshuo
Oziltu Khan of the Special Department summoned 25,000 desert-Mongolian coalition troops (some say 50,000) to attack the Kazakh Khanate again.
Yangjier Khan did not expect that the Dzungars came so quickly, and only 600 troops were gathered in a hurry.
Twenty-five thousand against six hundred, the commander of the Mongolian coalition forces in the desert is Batur Huntaiji, who has experienced hundreds of battles. No matter how you look at it, this is a must-win war.
However, people have underestimated the Kazakh hero Yang Gil.
Although there was a huge disparity in numbers between the two sides, Yangir Khan was not afraid at all. Depending on the terrain, he used 300 men to guard the Xia Dao Fortress, which was the only way for the Junggar Army to pass, and sent another 300 people to go around and attack behind the Junggar Army.
As soon as the two sides fought, the coalition forces were attacked from both sides.
Although Yangjier Khan's army is small in number, it is a purely firearms-based army, equipped with the latest muskets, and they are all selected sharpshooters who are always accurate.
After several rounds of shooting, the coalition forces were in chaos, with casualties everywhere. At this time, another Kazakh leader Yalantus came with 20,000 troops for reinforcements. Batur Hutaiji had no choice but to withdraw his troops, or was defeated miserably, according to Russian records
,600 people killed nearly 10,000 Mongolian coalition forces in the desert,
Being defeated in such a useless way, Batur Hutaiji was very upset and always wanted to raise an army for revenge.
A gentleman's revenge is never too late.
Nine years later, Batur Hutaiji once again mobilized an overwhelming army to expedition to Kazakhstan for the third time. This time Yangir Khan failed to create another miracle and died in the battle. The Kazakhs were defeated.
From then on, the Kazakhs "looked up to Batur Hutaiji in all things and obeyed him" and became vassals of the Junggar Khanate.
After the death of the heroic Yangir Khan, the Kazakh Khanate fought for power within itself, and internal strife broke out. The conflicts continued. The elders of the big, medium and small tents and some powerful sultans tried to establish themselves as khans. The entire khanate fell apart and the people's lives were miserable. The son of Yangir Khan, Touq Sultan, wanted to inherit his father's legacy, reunify the Khanate, and seek revenge on the Junggar people.
He won over some nobles and biguan (general) and formed a khanate forbidden army that was absolutely loyal to him. Then he marched eastward and westward, started to eliminate the divisions in the khanate, strengthened the power and status of the khanate, and took various measures to control the three
Yuzi restricted the independent activities of various Uluses. He often summoned the elders of the three tents to hold meetings in the capital city of Turkestan.
In order to strengthen the power of the Khan, he formulated the "Seven Codes", weakened the privileges of the nobility, and transferred part of the power of the nobility to Bi Guan; he sent his trusted Bi Guan to various places to control the situation, while he sat in the capital city of Turkestan to develop production and carry out
Foreign trade and improving relations with neighboring countries.
Under the rule of this young sultan, the Kazakh Khanate gradually returned to prosperity.
However, he has many enemies and they are very powerful. There are Rakshasa people in the north and Junggar people in the east. Especially the Junggar people, who have a grudge against him for killing his father, and their national power is much stronger than him. If you want revenge, you can only rely on yourself.
There is no time in sight. He wanted to use the power of the Ming Dynasty to take revenge, so he sent envoys to pay tribute to the Ming Dynasty.