Chapter 125 'Things about me building a generator in the Song Dynasty and then rubbing a microscope with my hands'
Although in the past day.
Xu Yun has proven that he does have some unique abilities and has very high practical value.
But maybe it's due to inherent concepts.
Whenever a new word came out of Xu Yun's mouth, Lao Su would always subconsciously think of Xu Yun's identity as an actor.
After all, there is actually not much conflict between the two characters of the actor and the person with ancestral medical skills.
It is very common these days that blood ties are related, and there are many cases of parents being imprisoned and their children being sent to brothels.
Therefore, it is easy for Lao Su to associate some words with male actors.
Who asked Xu Yun to just dictate the pronunciation instead of directly writing the Chinese characters??????(ˊ??ˋ)??????
Like a real poke.
For example, stem vein injection.
Another example is this time
"Holding a microstem?"
Then Lao Su made up the picture in his mind.
hiss
Of course.
This disturbing thought went away as quickly as it came.
Lao Su realized in the next second that what Xu Yun was talking about was probably something new.
Although this is the first time I have heard something new from Xu Yun, Lao Su still looks very curious.
"Xiao Wang, I wonder what kind of microscope you are talking about?"
Xu Yun thought for a while and asked
"Sir, have you ever heard of Juji?"
When Lao Su heard this, he was stunned for a moment, then his eyes showed thoughtfulness and his expression was a little sentimental.
"I have seen it before. When Duke Wen Zhong had eyesight, someone offered this thing to him.
I heard Duke Wen Zhong praise this thing more than once. Unfortunately, Duke Wen Zhong later contracted an eye disease, and Kui Kui eventually lost its use."
Xu Yun nodded understandingly. He had also heard what Lao Su said.
叆叇.
This word may sound a bit awkward to pronounce, but what it refers to is very common, that is, the future generations
Reading glasses.
That's right.
During the Song Dynasty, reading glasses had already appeared.
For example, there are explicit records in "Dongtian Qinglu" written by Zhao Xihu of the Southern Song Dynasty.
"Hey, the old man doesn't know how to read fine books, so he uses this to hide his eyesight."
In addition, "Xia Di", also from the Song Dynasty, also provides an example
"Shi Hang broke into prison and took more than ten kinds of water spirits to enter. It was not obvious at first, but after he knew that the case was hidden,&bsp&bsp he used the water spirits to carry it with his eyes and he saw it."
Water essence is crystal.
Shi Hang was a fellow villager and friend of Su Xun in the Northern Song Dynasty. When he was a law enforcement officer, he suffered from presbyopia, so he used glasses made of crystal to read case files.
However, the shape of the glasses at this time was probably different from the framed bifocals we are familiar with today.
According to the relevant description.
Ancient reading glasses should have a single lens and no frame.
It needs to be held by hand when using it, and it is somewhat similar to using a magnifying glass.
As for the Wenzhong Gong mentioned by Lao Su, he is naturally Ouyang Wenzhong, also known as Ouyang Xiu, one of the eight great masters of the Tang and Song Dynasties.
He was also a good friend of Lao Su.&bsp&bsp He was deeply affected by visual impairment in his later years and passed away almost thirty years ago.
By the way.
In ancient times, there was a famous myopic unfortunate named Bai Juyi.
He also wrote a poem about it
In my early years, I was tired and tired of reading.&bsp&bspIn my later years, I was sad and shed a lot of tears.
If you don't know how to damage your eyes, it's all your own fault. Only when you become ill can you realize your desires.
At night, it seems that the lights are about to go out, and in the dark, it seems that the mirror has not been polished.
Thousands of medicines and prescriptions cannot cure it,&bsp&bspWe can only practice Toutuo with our eyes closed.
It can be seen from this.
Lao Bai not only suffers from myopia, but also has a high probability of astigmatism and dry eye disease.
His gaze returned to its original position.
With the ancient reading glasses as an example, it will be much easier for Xu Yun to explain the concept of a microscope.
"A microscope, as the name suggests, is a 'mirror' that can display tiny objects in the eye.
To say "叆叇" is to enlarge a word several times.
A microscope can magnify small objects dozens, hundreds or even thousands of times.
With the microscope, microorganisms can no longer hide and can be observed."
After listening to these words quietly, Lao Su looked thoughtful.
be honest.
There is nothing wrong with Xu Yun's logic, which is to rely on magnification to explore subtle objects.
In fact, many years before Xu Yun appeared, Lao Su had thought about the possibility of using crystals to make amplification equipment.
After all, in "New Yixiang Fa Yao", Lao Su himself drew a secondary star map and recorded a planet.
This is also the earliest star chart preserved in China among all-sky star charts collected by later generations.
It was not until the Renaissance of the 19th century that Europe expanded the star map to include stars and recorded some basic astrology.
Not only is it more than two hundred years later than Lao Su, but the number is also much smaller than that of Lao Su.
Of course.
Another Dunhuang star map of the Tang Dynasty, with stars inscribed on it, is a little earlier than the Su Song star map.
But unfortunately.
It was stolen by Stein more than a hundred years ago and is now in the British Museum in London.&bsp&bspTherefore it is not included in the star maps preserved in China. (This is also a very angry thing.&bsp&bspIf you are interested, you can go and learn about it.
I have seen some of the documents in the British Museum,&bsp&bspI feel extremely complicated)
As a contemporary person who has looked up at the starry sky, Lao Su has naturally thought about whether he could use the magnifying effect of crystals to observe the starry sky.
For example, in Lao Su's study, there was a simple telescope stored at this time.
However, its magnification is only five or six times, the magnification effect is negligible, and it is difficult to see much.
The collection value is actually higher than the practical value.
However, with these objects and past experiences as a foundation, Lao Su became more and more interested after hearing Xu Yun’s introduction.
"Xiao Wang, I can barely understand what you said, and there's not much problem with the inference, but I don't know about microscopes."
Xu Yun blinked and quickly understood what Lao Su was thinking.
"Sir, do you want to ask if a microscope can be made?"
"Of course."
Xu Yun was silent for a moment and continued
"It's not difficult to make a simple microscope. Rumor has it that within Fengling Yueying Sect, this is an extremely simple technology, as long as you have the skills.
But just like syringes and generators, making a microscope requires some money and effort in terms of materials."
When Lao Su heard this, he quickly asked
"Xiao Wang, what items are needed?"
Xu Yun thought for a while and gave several names.
“First of all, we need glass, and it’s not just ordinary glass.
One of them needs to be made of ore from the volcanic crater, and the other material needs to use a kind of silver-gray clay unique to Jiangnan West Road.
Next are glue, boards, nails and other items.
By the way, I also need some alcohol that I made before."
diy microscope.
This is considered a very simple thing in the technical geek circles of later generations.
Of course.
This refers to an optical microscope.
All students who haven’t been mad at the biology teacher should know this.
The principle of a microscope is actually very simple. To put it bluntly, it only needs five words.
Convex lens imaging.
The microscope structure mainly consists of eyepieces, objective lenses, stages and reflectors.
The eyepiece and objective lens are both convex lenses with different focal lengths.
And the focal length of the convex lens of the objective lens is smaller than the focal length of the convex lens of the eyepiece.
The objective lens is equivalent to the lens of a projector. The object passes through the objective lens to form an inverted, magnified real image.
The eyepiece is equivalent to an ordinary magnifying glass, and the real image is transformed into an upright, enlarged virtual image through the eyepiece.
Therefore, the objects that pass through the microscope to the human eye are all inverted and enlarged virtual images.
Reflectors are used to reflect and illuminate the objects being observed. They generally have two reflective surfaces.
One is a plane mirror, used when the light is strong.
The other is a concave mirror, which is used when the light is weak to concentrate the light.
As for the magnification of the microscope, it is also very simple. The value of the eyepiece x objective lens is the method multiple.
Nowadays, the highest magnification of optical microscopes is 10 times. Those optical microscopes that say they can magnify tens of thousands of times are deceiving people.
The principle of this multiple involves the diffraction limit, that is, a point light source will form a diffraction spot.
When this magnification is reached, whether it is increasing the refractive index of the lens or adding lenses to increase the magnification, it will become meaningless - at least in the context of optical microscopy.
Of course.
Speaking of microscopes, the inventor of this thing must be mentioned.
Like the American cockroach, this man is also an old trickster.
That’s right!
This person is exactly
Robert Hooke.
Actually.
According to later research, it was the Jensens and his sons who really thought about the working principle of the microscope and invented the first microscope.
But these two unlucky guys didn't make any important observations with these instruments, and after they were made, they didn't do anything.
Therefore, in the history books, the right to invent the microscope became a battleground between the other two people.
Leeuwenhoek and Robert Hooke.
The degree of confusion between these two people was so great that even the Biology book published by the People's Education Press had errors in it.
First let’s define it from the point of time
Robert Hooke's invention of the microscope preceded Leeuwenhoek's by twenty years.
However, the microscope invented by Hooke only had a magnification of 10 times, while Hooke's was as high as 100 times.
Therefore, the real statement should be that Hooke invented the microscope, and Hooke invented or improved the high-power microscope.
In addition, in terms of biological contributions, although Hooke discovered cells, he observed slices of cork.
After Hooke zoomed in, he discovered small spaces one after another, and named them after the English ell.
But in fact.
What he observed were dead cells; all he saw were the remaining plant cell walls.
Leeuwenhoek observed living microbial bacteria, so he is considered the founder of microbiology.
This is like Hook and Hook both tinkering with time and space machines. Hook traveled thousands of years ago and discovered the skeleton of a creature. He named the creature a dinosaur.
Hook's technology is better than Hook's. He traveled thousands of years ago and saw real, living dinosaurs.
The discovery of the latter is obviously more complete, but because the former was one step ahead, the discoverer of dinosaurs can only be attributed to the former.
all in all.
Hooke discovered the cell wall and named the cell.
Hooke discovered bacteria and observed the complete cell structure, thereby defining microorganisms.
At the same time the former invented the microscope.
The latter invented the high-power microscope.
This is the historical truth that cannot be explained in biology books.
His gaze returned to its original position.
According to Xu Yun's design, there are two key points in the entire microscope DIY process.
The first is to ensure that the objective lens is imaged at the objective focus of the eyepiece. Specifically, it can be calculated using f′(x)=\fra{}{}.
The second is the problem of multiples.
The first person in the world to discover the limiting magnification of an optical microscope was Ernst Abbe, who invented the optical microscope in 2001.
The resolution is about nanometers, which is half of the shortest wavelength of visible light.
Therefore, if you want to build an optical microscope by hand, you don't actually need much assistance from modern process equipment.
As a technical geek who has used a double-digit microscope, Xu Yun naturally knows one thing very well.
In ancient society, there were two types of materials that could achieve the perfect combination of refractive index and dispersion rate.
That is, crown glass and flint glass.
In the 20th century, crown glass was basically bundled with Zeiss glasses.
But actually.
It is a type of glass with a larger Abbe number, that is, lanthanide glass.
The local lanthanum mining sites are mainly in Inner Mongolia and Jiangxi, that is, Jiangnan West Road in the Tang Dynasty and Jiangnan West Road in the Song Dynasty. In later generations, pepper water will flow when you open the tap.
In addition, the lanthanide series rare earths have distinct characteristics, so it is not difficult to find them with Lao Su's ability.
As for volcanic glass, it's even simpler.
This chapter is not finished yet, please click on the next page to continue reading the exciting content! As the name suggests.
This is a type of ore derivative that can be found in volcanic craters.
Although there is a troublesome thing about the above two, once it is not handled properly, scary radioactive elements such as thorium may remain.
But with the right process, these can be easily avoided.
After the raw materials are gathered, excellent achromatic lenses can be prepared through a series of techniques such as stirring the glass solution and plano-convex lenses.
By then, let alone the ultimate magnification of the finished product, it will not be difficult to at least multiply the magnification by 10 times.
During the observation process under a microscope, red blood cells can be seen more clearly with a low-magnification lens and with a high-magnification lens.
As for seeing the detailed structure of bacteria, you need a lens twice as long, and its field of view is very small, so you need medicine to expand the field of view.
In addition, staining is required, otherwise the shadow of bacteria cannot be seen.
A microscope with this magnification is already a very practical instrument.
Say something not nice.
Lao Su might not have discovered all the uses of a microscope with this kind of magnification until the day he burped.
Of course.
Considering that the raw materials of microscopes are relatively special, even simple transportation is troublesome.
Xu Yun conservatively estimated that it would be rare for the materials to be ready within a week.
Therefore, the specific hand-rubbing matter must be postponed for the time being and discussed later.
more importantly.
There is one more thing that needs to be taken care of as a priority right now.
That is
Wang Yue’s intravenous injection.
After all, if allicin solvent was not injected, it was hard to say when Lao Su would burp.
I'm afraid this Lord Zhonghou is really cold.
Note
If a reader asks, let me explain. Recently, sometimes you will see a full-width, half-width comma and two periods. This is not a problem with my input method.
This is the starting point for rice prevention testing, and it will soon be popular~
