Chapter 210 History takes a turn here (still 10,000 words!!)
"...The above are my opinions and suggestions."
"Sender, Li Feiyu."
After writing this letter.
Xu Yun breathed a sigh of relief and put the pen aside.
Although I still don’t know why this letter came into my hands and through what channels.
But judging from what Mavericks mentioned in his previous letter.
perhaps......
Is this some kind of activation method similar to off-site help?
That is to say, when Mavericks encounters a problem that is difficult to solve, there is a certain possibility that Mavericks can contact itself and exchange letters across copies.
I just don’t know if this method has a fixed cycle, and more importantly, I’m not sure...
Are there any rewards?
After all, judging from Halo’s previous performance.
Although it is somewhat superficial, it has always adhered to the basic principle of "whatever you put in, you get what you pay for".
Xu Yun then turned his attention to the letter and began to do the final proofreading.
The purpose of Maverick writing this letter is actually very clear:
The core problem is that due to some unknown reasons, he had some wavering on the particle theory of light.
Maybe it's a phenomenon raised by outsiders.
Maybe there are some clues discovered by Mavericks himself.
All in all, the impact on the Mavericks was considerable.
So in this reply.
After much thought, Xu Yun finally chose to mention the wave-particle duality of light.
Friends who were textbooks in their previous lives all know this.
The so-called wave-particle duality of light is actually very simple according to the textbook explanation:
Light is both a wave and a particle.
In later generations, as long as you have attended compulsory education, you have basically heard of this term.
But in history.
The exploration of the nature of light is actually a very tortuous matter.
Before Mavericks.
The wave theory of light is actually a very popular view.
This theory was proposed by Huygens, and its biggest fan is Hooker, who was badly abused in the previous article.
The reason why Hooke supports the wave theory of light is because he discovered the interference phenomenon of light, which is the colorful soap bubbles we usually see.
These beautiful bubbles are actually thin film interference of light, and interference is undoubtedly a characteristic of waves.
So of course Lao Hu thought it was just a wave.
Later, Mavericks took a different approach and proposed the particle theory.
And as Sir Alex Ferguson's reputation grew, scientists formed the view of "two whatevers":
Whatever Sir Alex supports is right, and whatever Sir Alex opposes is wrong.
Therefore, the particle theory is popular and the wave theory is declining day by day.
Later, a man named Thomas Young appeared, and he designed one of the original interference experiments.
This experiment has now entered middle school textbooks, and its exquisite experimental design can be called a classic in physics:
Place a piece of paper with a pinhole in front of a lit candle to create a point source of light.
In front of the point light source, place another piece of paper with two thin slits on it.
Then on the display behind the paper, you will see alternating light and dark stripes.
At the same time, adjusting the distance between the paper and the display screen and the double slit can also change the density of the interference fringes.
The importance of this experiment is at the forefront in the history of science, so much so that when later verifying the wave nature of electrons, scientists directly adopted the same experimental principle.
Therefore, among the ten classic experiments in physics, the double-slit interference experiment accounts for two.
Wait until 1808.
Marius discovered the polarization of light.
Later, with the discovery of Poisson's bright spot, the wave theory of light once again turned over and achieved a complete victory.
Later, Faraday and Maxwell came out. In classical physics-that is, the world visible to our naked eyes, the definition of light basically ends here.
Then 80 years later, Hertz discovered electromagnetic waves.
photoelectric effect.
This key dividing point between the macro and micro worlds in human history was discovered by humans for the first time.
While studying the photoelectric effect, Thomson discovered electrons through the study of cathode rays.
At that time, Thomson seemed to have seen Yan Yan going to the toilet and exclaimed that there are such small things in the world!
This pushes human beings' research on the world into another microscopic world.
What happens next is very simple.
1900.
Planck proposed the quantum hypothesis.
1902.
Leonard summarized the photoelectric effect.
1905.
An old favorite, Einstein appeared and summed up the wave-particle duality of light.
After Lao Ai came de Broglie, who proposed the hypothesis of matter waves.
He pointed out that not only photons have wave-particle duality, but all microscopic particles also have wave-particle duality.
1927.
American physicist Davidson completed the electron diffraction experiment one year after de Broglie's paper was published.
It was proved that electrons have wave characteristics, wave-particle duality was confirmed as a basic characteristic of matter, and de Broglie's hypothesis was proved.
From then until now, front-end physics has basically been studying the truth behind the phenomena observed by these sages.
at the same time.
The entire debate about the properties of light has lasted for hundreds of years and requires the accumulation of a large number of results.
Therefore, Xu Yun was not worried that the tips he gave Mavericks would take away Einstein's job. After all, the theory of physics does not mean that if you propose a certain concept, it will be equivalent to the truth.
Just like Maverick's achievements in gravity.
Before Mavericks, many people had discovered the phenomenon of 'gravity' or 'gravity', such as the famous official Ximen Qing.
But discovering the phenomenon is not a big deal; further demonstration and calculation are difficult.
The reason why Maverick became the discoverer of the law of universal gravitation is that he derived the relevant formulas and mathematically defined and summarized the phenomenon.
Therefore, unless Mavericks can incidentally discover electrons and summarize the photoelectric effect, Einstein really does not have to worry about Mavericks finishing his own business.
Moreover, speaking from Einstein's wisdom.
If the Mavericks can solve certain problems in advance, his achievements may be even higher.
Xu Yun then folded the letter in half and stuffed it into the envelope.
This chapter is not over yet, please click on the next page to continue reading! Just as I was thinking about how to send it, I saw the letter slowly turned into a beam of light particles and dissipated in the first door.
Xu Yun: "......"
........
at the same time.
1672.
Great Britain.
University of Cambridge, Trinity College.
"Hello Professor Newton!"
"Professor Newton, have you eaten?"
"Professor Newton, I just bought a beautiful swimsuit..."
"Professor Newton, my boyfriend wants to ask you to go fencing on the weekend!"
After dealing with many students with a solemn expression.
Newton wore his Anta sneakers and carried a bag of bread to the office dedicated to Professor Lucas.
Compared to the time when I parted ways with Xu Yun.
Although Maverick's expression was still cold at this time, his overall anger was relatively less, and his eyes were not as gloomy as before.
After all, in this timeline, the Mavericks did not suffer a blow from Hooker, and their dignity was not trampled on.
Quite the opposite.
With Xu Yun's help, he stabbed Hook's heart several times.
six years ago.
After the first batch of ketchup was sold out in Grantham Parish, Xu Yun suddenly left without saying goodbye.
Although Mavericks and William's family were a little surprised, they gradually accepted this reality as time went by.
Two years later.
The plague gradually receded, and London gradually returned to normal.
Mavericks said goodbye to William's family with a large sum of tomato sauce dividends, and returned to London again, returning to Cambridge University.
At the same time, on the recommendation of teacher Isaac Barrow.
He eventually became the youngest Lucas Professor in the history of Cambridge University with the result of 'First Honors Degree'.
over the next four years.
Mavericks has successively derived a large number of mathematical and physical results, and selectively disclosed a small part of them.
Although the published content only accounts for a negligible fraction of it, it still made him the youngest academician of the Royal Society.
But in recent days, due to a special coincidence.
Mavericks suddenly encountered some special problems.
This problem caused great trouble to the calf, causing many of his hair to turn gray.
Finally, in desperation.
Maverick suddenly thought of the fat fish he met earlier.
The first meeting between the two parties was very warm. Fatty was so shocked by the power of knowledge that he briefly fainted, while Maverick kindly took him home.
After Xu Yun woke up.
At that time, he once mentioned that he was from Leiden College of the University of the Netherlands and was an assistant professor at the School of Life Sciences.
Therefore, theoretically speaking, the Fat Fish should return to the Netherlands after disappearing.
However, Mavericks has also sent several letters to Leiden College in recent years, but the final result was nothing, and no reply came.
"I think this time it will be about the same."
Think of this.
Mavericks couldn't help but shook his head and continued walking to the office.
As a result, as soon as he arrived at the office door, Maverick's thick eyebrows raised upwards.
I only see this moment.
A small piece of the envelope's tail is exposed from the gap under the wooden door of the office!
Although he didn’t know who sent this letter, the moment he saw the letter, Maverick suddenly had a premonition in his heart:
perhaps......
This letter is related to Xu Yun!
Think of this.
He quickly walked to the door, took out the key, opened the door, and picked up the letter.
as expected.
I saw the English letters "lifeiyu" written clearly in the sender column on the cover of this letter.
What does the photo of the little girl with chestnut hair and pink clothes mean?
With this doubt.
Mavericks closed the door gently and walked into the office.
After sitting on the seat.
The calf didn't even have time to drink the water. He couldn't wait to tear open the envelope like a groom on his wedding night.
Like the letter he sent, Xu Yun's reply was also a very concise piece of paper.
"Dear Mr. Newton:"
"Mr. Newton, long time no see, I'm Fat Fish..."
Mavericks carefully read the beginning of Xu Yun's words, and then nodded thoughtfully:
"It turns out that this guy is recuperating from illness. No wonder he can't be contacted."
"But it's not a bad thing to receive a letter now. At least Lilani can give her an explanation."
After Xu Yun disappeared a few years ago.
Mavericks and William Askew were somewhat reluctant to leave Xu Yun without saying goodbye, but they quickly adjusted.
Only Lilani, who was originally a naughty child, had a drastic change in personality after Xu Yun disappeared, and became visibly withdrawn.
Although Maverick appears to be very indifferent in interpersonal relationships, he is an exception when it comes to the William family.
So it has always been.
He was still very concerned about Lilani's condition, and was also worried about the girl's mental state.
Now that Xu Yun has received a reply, this girl must be more open-minded.
Figure this out.
Mavericks returned his attention to the letter and continued reading.
"...The mathematical tools you invented are really amazing. This is a height that I am far from reaching on my own. Please allow me to pay you high respect here."
When he saw this sentence in which Xu Yun praised himself, Maverick couldn't help but raise a proud smile.
But soon.
This smile was replaced by seriousness.
Because he saw Xu Yun's reply below about his barrel experiment.
Barrel experiment.
This is an ingenious combination experiment that Mavericks came up with three years ago (this timeline), and used it to create an absolute view of time and space that he thinks is extremely solid.
Mavericks even felt proud.
The value of this concept of space-time may even exceed that of the law of gravity, becoming one of the theoretical cornerstones supporting the world.
But in a subsequent experiment.
Mavericks suddenly discovered a certain situation, which directly impacted his cognition.
As the inventor of the famous Newtonian reflecting telescope, Maverick is also experienced in mirror production and is a standard DIY expert.
This chapter is not over yet, please click on the next page to continue reading! However, during the process of sharpening the mirror a few months ago, Mavericks unexpectedly discovered:
If a light source is prepared, it shines on the optical flat glass plate through a large curvature convex lens.
Then at the contact point between the lens and the glass plate, a set of colored concentric ring stripes will appear.
The stripes were like whips, which made the calf extremely tangled.
See here.
Presumably some students have already understood it.
That’s right!
This phenomenon is the famous Newton ring in later generations.
Newton's rings are a standard type of light interference phenomenon. They are one of the best proofs of the wave nature of light, and were even recorded in textbooks of later generations.
Just follow the normal rules.
Mavericks in local history did not accept the fluctuation theory:
He adopted a complicated theory of "it is easy to reflect for a while, and it is easy to transmit for a while", and somewhat forcibly explained this phenomenon in terms of particles.
And in this history.
Although Maverick also experienced an unhappy childhood, during his time in Woolsthorpe, his ideas received a huge impact:
first.
Xu Yun brought him a lot of money through ketchup.
These funds have made Mavericks much richer. It is no longer like in the original timeline that he transferred to Sir Humphrey's house because he could not afford living expenses.
He was able to stay in William's house calmly for a long time, and got the affection and love that he lacked in his previous life - don't forget, Maverick is not a single person.
What's more important is.
Whether it is Yang Hui's triangle proposed by Xu Yun or unfolded by Han Li.
These profound knowledge that Maverick had never heard of made him suddenly feel that his ability was not unique in the world.
In some places unknown to him, there were forerunners who had walked some distance before him a long time ago.
So after making many achievements.
Maverick is not as arrogant as he was in his previous life, thinking that apart from theology, he is the only truth that is omniscient and omnipotent.
At the same time it's quite the opposite.
His thoughts are no longer so extreme, and he has a hint of awe for the world.
Therefore, after the discovery of Newton's ring phenomenon.
Mavericks is not as far-fetched as the original trajectory. It can even be said that some of them are clever and cover up the phenomenon with a certain reason.
Instead, I seriously thought about other possibilities.
But if light is really a wave...
Then his view of absolute space and time will face an unavoidable loophole, because fluctuation is obviously not an absolutely rigid state of motion.
I wonder if Xu Yun can give his own answer to this doubt?
Mavericks continued to read.
Xu Yun first answered the question of the barrel experiment.
"I can probably understand your idea. It seems quite subtle at first glance. There are a total of six incremental ideas..."
"But have you ever thought that... you made a mistake in your thinking on step five?"
"Let us suppose......"
"Then the experimental phenomenon you conducted will become like this..."
"As the relative motion of the water and bucket decreases..."
Look at this part.
The calf is like a sculpture of a meditator, completely motionless.
But inside his body.
The most powerful brain of the 17th century was rapidly simulating and thinking about what Xu Yun said.
Half an hour later.
Maverick put down the letter and let out a deep breath.
really.
As expected of a fat fish...
This mysterious man from the East can indeed bring him some novel ideas.
After rationalizing, Mavericks had to admit.
Xu Yun's answer is more convincing than the phenomenon he observed. It cannot be refuted except by flipping the table and acting rogue.
So it's obvious.
My view of absolute time and space is wrong, at least not applicable to any field.
Think of this.
A hint of fear and joy suddenly appeared in Maverick's heart:
Fortunately, this letter came early!
Now he has just conceived the concept of absolute time and space. Although he has expectations for its future, he has not yet regarded it as a 'truth', let alone made it public.
If I had waited until I was in my forties or fifties, when my thinking was deeply ingrained, I would read this letter.
I'm afraid the whole belief will collapse by then...
Then Maverick adjusted his breathing vigorously and continued to read.
He had actually made some preparations for the issue of absolute time and space, otherwise he would not have written to Xu Yun.
So after completely discovering the misconception.
Mavericks quickly adjusted his mentality, eager to see if Xu Yun had any insights into the properties of light.
This is actually a little trick he used:
He didn't tell Xu Yun the specific problems he encountered. He wanted to test it again to see if this mysterious peer could give him some more surprises.
Xu Yun's views on the properties of light are linked to the bottom of the wooden barrel experiment, so Mavericks quickly saw that sentence:
"Have you ever thought about..."
"Properties of light..."
"Is it possible that both situations coexist?"
Hear this.
Mavericks was stunned at first.
Immediately, a numb feeling rose from the tailbone and went straight into the mind.
In Mavericks' original thoughts.
Xu Yun may have found some of his own loopholes to deny his own results.
You may also argue hard to support either the wave theory or the particle theory.
But now according to what Xu Yun said...
Is light both a wave and a particle?
How is it possible that a substance has two properties?
Just like a person, he is both male and female physically?
But out of trust in Xu Yun.
Mavericks continued to read.
"In Asian history, there was a very famous alien ancestor named Tiga who liked to make big bone soup."
"Once he discovered through calculation that if an opaque circular plate was placed on the propagation path of the light beam."
"Due to the diffraction of light at the edge of the circular plate, a bright spot should appear in the center of the shadow of the circular plate at a certain distance from the circular plate."
"It's a hard situation to accept, isn't it? But it does happen."
"And this is a very typical manifestation of the wave theory."
"But similarly, in the phenomenon of dispersion, the particle theory of light is also a fact that cannot be refuted by any loopholes.
"So Tiga put forward a view, is it possible that light is both a particle and a wave at the same time?"
See here.
Mavericks was stunned again:
"Shadow center, bright spot?"
Throughout human history.
Speaking of academic slap-in-the-face incidents or remarks that can be recorded in history, there are actually quite a few.
The most representative slap in the face must be the Poisson spot.
Let me mention one thing first...or a piece of common sense:
In academia, there are many theorems starting with a person's name.
For example, the Yang Hui triangle that everyone is familiar with, as well as Maxwell's equations, Faraday's law, the reader's most handsome principle, etc., are countless.
Most of these personal name theorems are to commemorate the contribution of the proposer or inventor, which belongs to the concept of "leaving a name in history" in ancient Chinese proverbs.
But the Poisson spot is an absolute special case.
The background of the incident dates back to 1818.
Before the Nobel Prize, the most prestigious scientific awards were the Academy Essay Prize of the Gallic Academy of Sciences and the Copley Medal of the John Bull Royal Academy of Sciences.
The Copley Prize was established ten years later than Gaul, but its starting point is higher than Gaul.
This award is aimed at theoretical research and demonstrates the high standards of the John Bull Royal Academy of Sciences.
The prize is very high, so there will definitely be more people competing for it.
Therefore, after the Copley Prize was established, it immediately overshadowed the Academy Essay Award of the Gallic Academy of Sciences.
Britain and France were happy enemies. Seeing their old neighbor coming up from behind, the Gallic Academy began to reflect on its past.
After learning from the experience, I changed my strategy and discussed the issue of integrating theory and practice.
By 1818.
The title of the grand prize for essays is Diffraction of Light.
Prior to this, the wave theory of light and the particle theory had been debated for nearly a hundred years.
The representative figures of the particle theory are a generation of geniuses, and the representative figures of the wave theory are Huygens and Hooke.
Due to Sir Alex Ferguson's status in the world, the particle theory has the upper hand, while the wave theory is losing ground.
And Thomas Young's double-slit experiment seems to have brought a glimmer of light to the wave theory. It seems that there is a chance to sit up from a dying illness and chat and laugh for a few more years.
Taking diffraction as the title of the essay competition award somewhat vindicates Huygens, his ancestor.
At that time, Fresnel had just transferred from civil engineering to optics. He had already made a name for himself and participated in this competition.
At the same time, it's a coincidence.
Fresnel had already considered this problem before the competition and believed that light is a wave and has diffraction phenomenon.
This time it happened to be a meeting, so he submitted his papers early and waited for the decision of the expert review committee.
The chief expert of this review committee is the famous Poisson.
Poisson was a firm supporter of the particle theory and naturally scorned Fresnel's answer.
Through calculations, he concluded that if Fresnel's theory is correct, there will be a phenomenon that challenges three views:
Place an opaque circular plate on the propagation path of the light beam. Then, due to the diffraction of light at the edge of the circular plate, a bright spot should appear in the center of the shadow of the circular plate at a certain distance from the circular plate.
In human words... ahem, simplified in popular language it is:
If you hold a flashlight and shine it on an opaque plate, a light spot will appear in the center of the shadow behind the plate.
At the time, this was simply an impossible situation.
Even now it seems a bit unbelievable.
The young Fresnel never thought that his theory would have such a magical result, but he finally accepted the challenge.
After careful experiments, it was finally time to witness the miracle:
As the light shines in, a bright spot actually appears in the center of the circular plate shadow!
This bright spot is therefore also called the "Poisson bright spot", and this incident has become the biggest slap in the face in the history of science.
As a staunch supporter of the particle theory of light, Poisson personally disintegrated the particle theory in front of countless colleagues at the most famous conference venue at the time.
Since then, the wave theory of light has become popular, while the particle theory of light has collapsed.
The particle theory did not regain some face until Einstein was born, but at that time the particle theory of time was completely different from the original particle theory.
So this can be regarded as a small selfishness of Xu Yun.
Rather than having the particle theory overturned by others in later generations, it is better to let Mavericks discover the problem by himself.
Of course.
From a qualitative point of view.
Marius's polarization experiment may be more appropriate.
After all, what it proves is a transverse wave. It can neither confirm the particle theory nor the wave theory. It belongs to a very middle-of-the-road position.
However, Mavericks had previously successfully proved the particle theory using the dispersion phenomenon, so compared to Marius's polarization experiment, the impact of the Poisson bright spot was undoubtedly greater.
no way.
Xu Yun didn't know what kind of situation Mavericks was encountering, so he had to choose a strong dose.
A few minutes later.
After reading Xu Yun's letter, Mavericks immediately began to prepare various equipment.
Although the technological level in 1672 was not as good as that in 1818, the equipment requirements for Poisson spots were actually very complex.
However, as the University of Cambridge is currently an academic gathering place at the forefront of global technology, it is not difficult to get the relevant conditions together.
Two hours later.
Everything is ready.
Mavericks closed all the curtains, came to the operating table, and officially started the experiment.
Maverick used a light source separated by a superimposed prism, and the diameter and distance of the disc were also selected optimally - the latter was the reason why it took him two hours to prepare.
Swish——
The light source illuminated the disk and quickly formed a projection.
Maverick quickly walked to the side of the projection and observed it with complicated emotions.
After a while.
Maverick slowly walked to the desk, pulled out the chair and sat down.
This chapter is not over yet, please click on the next page to continue reading the exciting content! A few more seconds have passed.
A soft sigh sounded in the room...
And through the light source in the room, we can see that in the shadow of the disk, there is a tiny...
light spot.
The wave theory of light is also true.
........
all in all.
With the delivery of this letter, the light spots appeared.
This history, which had already changed the world line, once again took a turn in an unknown direction...
Of course.
At this time, Xu Yun did not understand what he had brought to that world, let alone what impact this letter would have on him.
He just waited for a while after the letter disappeared, and after finding that there was no prompt from the halo, he chose to exit the space.
"Um?"
After returning to reality.
Xu Yun subconsciously took out his cell phone, intending to see how long he had been in the space and whether he had missed any calls.
However, when the screen turned on, he discovered that the time on the phone had not changed at all from before he entered the space - at least on the minute hand.
In other words.
He stayed in the space for more than half an hour, but not even a minute passed in reality.
Something is obviously wrong with this.
In the past ten years, Xu Yun has entered the halo space frequently.
He can be 100% sure that, except for the mission period of the copy and the one hour in the Northern Song Dynasty Time and Space Album, his time passage in space is completely consistent with the outside world.
Otherwise, he wouldn't have deliberately gone to the private room of the toilet.
Think of this.
Xu Yun couldn't help but touch his chin, thoughtfully:
"That is to say..."
"Things like that letter actually fall under the category of 'mission'?"
"But what's the reward?"
Just when Xu Yun was wondering.
Suddenly a curtain of light appeared in front of him again.
[Detect the wall-facer and complete a special random adventure, and get an adventure reward].
[Rewards are being generated...]
【Reward has been generated!】
[Award Name: Cambridge Heritage]
[Please note that this reward can only be activated and used after the wall-facer completes the next mission. The wall-facer can bring one additional person]
After a while.
A hard invitation letter appeared in Xu Yun's hand.
Xu Yun opened it and found that it was filled with English:
You are cordially invited
to a reception
for Time Travelers.
Hosted by
Professor Stephen Hawking
To be held at
The University of Cambridge
Gonville and Caius College
Trinity Street
Cambridge
Location: 52° 12' 21"N, 0° 7' 4.7"E
Time: 12:00 UT 06/28/2009
No RSVP required
[Reward status: To be activated (2/4)]
...........
Note:
I am very sad to tell you the news that one of my friends, An Xiyou, the author of "Soaring My Aviation Age" and "Ships of the Great Power", passed away, and I feel a little heavy.
The 10,000 words I promised you tomorrow may have to be delayed a bit. It’s a bit hard to accept this reality. I really don’t have the mood to type.
