"Academician Zhou, when will it be convenient for you to report to the company?"
Zhou Shan glanced at Huang Liping who walked out of the kitchen. The couple looked at each other with great understanding and replied:
"Give me a week. I'll take some time to deal with the matters in Yongcheng. Once I'm done, I'll fly to Luzhou immediately."
Huang Liping also nodded with a smile.
In fact, Zhou Shan and Huang Liping reached an agreement as early as after serving their sentence:
Research will definitely continue, but he will no longer work within the system.
Although Zhou Shan spent twelve years in prison, he was considered a "tainted" scholar.
However, the scientific research circle is well aware of the whole incident, and naturally they will not cut off contact with Zhou Shan because he has served a prison sentence.
Nowadays, some of Zhou Shan’s friends either work for companies or start their own businesses, and they have all reached out to him.
Therefore, the two made preparations to move long ago.
Anyway, Huang Liping retired two years ago, and her two children have already married, so there is no problem in living in another place.
The only thing that is more difficult to let go of.
This leaves only Huang Liping’s interpersonal relationships in Yongcheng over the years, such as relatives, old friends, neighbors, etc.
But compared with being with Zhou Shan, these relationships are nothing.
to some extent.
Zhou Shan and Huang Liping actually look a bit like low-profile versions of Yang Guo and Xiao Longnu.
Although it is not as soul-stirring and unparalleled love as the latter, it vividly demonstrates the purity and loyalty of love.
However, although Xu Yun admired and envied this kind of love, he was single after all and could not experience and understand it personally.
Therefore, at this moment, he is more concerned about Zhou Shan's placement:
"One week? No problem. I will go to the company headquarters to hand over your placement details later."
In accordance with the intentions previously reached by both parties.
In addition to providing funds, Huadun Biotech also needs to prepare housing, laboratories and assistant manpower.
Even with the help of HKUST, a local leader in Luzhou, these links will still take a certain amount of time to operate.
One week.......
Actually it's a little short.
For example, the University of Science and Technology invited Academician Li Yadong to Luzhou through a similar agreement. It took more than two weeks for the laboratory to arrange accommodation.
It was more than forty days later that the team was formally formed to carry out research.
Fortunately, since Academician Zhou Shan's name is there, recruiting assistants should be relatively easy, and there might even be a queue to sign up.
And while Xu Yun was talking to Academician Zhou.
Luzhou, hundreds of kilometers away.
HKUST.
Same radiation laboratory.
At this moment.
Academician Pan and Zhao Zhengguo were standing on the operating table with solemn expressions. Surrounded by them were a group of busy scientific researchers.
after awhile.
Zhao Zhengguo looked at the assistant on the side and asked:
"Xiao Liu, how are the light sources prepared?"
The Xiao Liu described by Zhao Zhengguo is a rather skinny boy with a pair of gold-rimmed glasses and a hairline comparable to that of a medical student.
Xiao Liu typed the keyboard carefully on the screen a few times and replied solemnly:
"Teacher, the ire value of the second-generation light source has reached 97.8%."
Zhao Zhengguo pondered for a moment and said:
"Then wait a little longer. When the value reaches 99.5%, you can report it again."
Xiao Liu nodded:
"clear."
After obtaining the particle information from Xu Yun, Zhao Zhengguo and others immediately launched a theoretical verification.
But as the argument deepened, Zhao Zhengguo and others suddenly discovered another situation...
This unknown new particle seems to have some unusual properties.
As we all know.
Hyperons are baryons with heavier nuclei.
They are strange in that they are generated by strong interactions, but decay through weak interactions, and are composed of strange quarks.
There will be no free quarks inside it under normal conditions, because the force between colored quarks increases with distance.
Even if you add more energy to try to separate the quarks, the energy will only be used to create new quarks, which will still be bound in the hadrons.
This phenomenon is known as quark confinement.
There are three types of Λ hyperons discovered so far, and only one type of Λ hyperon, but they can be subdivided into different numbers according to their different masses.
What Zhao Zhengguo and the others had previously observed was the Λ hyperon numbered 4685.
Its lifespan is about 2.63x10-10 seconds, and its main decay methods are:
∧°→P π-
∧°→n π°.
From this method, it is not difficult to see that there is no CP destruction in the decay process of Λ hyperon.
But according to the formula and simulation results derived by Xu Yun, that is not the case for that special particle:
It is highly suspected that there is a term in the Lagrangian quantity that breaks the CP symmetry.
And in the mathematical category, it is extremely close to the data obtained from K meson and B meson experiments.
This is very, very interesting...
Because this involves another concept - neutrinos.
Neutrinos are one of the fundamental particles that make up nature and have a very small mass.
It is uncharged and only participates in weak interactions. It is called the "invisible man" in the universe.
Billions of neutrinos penetrate our bodies every second, and research results related to neutrinos have won the Nobel Prize many times.
The specific content has been introduced in detail in the "Handbook of Conquest of Different Worlds", so I won't go into details here.
At present, the Super Kamiokande detector in Neon is specifically used to study this kind of particles. We also have a domestic laboratory in Daya Bay, which is recognized as one of China's most important achievements in basic physics.
All the classmates who were shot to death by Hou Yi in their previous lives should know this.
The mystery of the missing solar neutrinos was once an unsolved case in the physics community.
To put it simply, scientists have found that the flow of neutrinos produced by the sun is only about one-third of the theoretical model.
This chapter is not finished yet, please click on the next page to continue reading the exciting content! This unsolved case lasted for many years, and later the scientific community learned that there are actually three types of neutrinos.
They will convert each other, which is called "neutrino oscillation".
The first two conversion modes have been experimentally verified successively. The third conversion... that is, θ13 has a very small probability of occurrence, so it is also the most difficult to detect.
In the θ13 link, there is a term that destroys the CP symmetry in the Lagrangian quantity, and the value is extremely close to the mysterious particle.
That is to say.
Now judging from the characteristics of that mysterious particle, it seems that this particle has certain properties of neutrinos?
Of course.
Maybe some unknown students may be a little confused when they see this.
Don't rush.
Just keep reading.
At the same time, Zhao Zhengguo and others also discovered.
In addition to the highly suspected presence of a term in the Lagrange's quantity that breaks the CP symmetry of this particle, its orbital position is also somewhat wrong.
The particle orbit of 4685Λ hyperon is a standard 4f orbit, which can be described by seven functional equations.
According to the Pauli exclusion principle.
The multi-electron wave function must be commutatively antisymmetric.
However, Zhao Zhengguo and others found that after simplifying the total Hamiltonian using adiabatic approximation and mean field approximation...
The electronic wave function of the many-body system of the unknown particle does not conform to the central field approximation of the Λ hyperon.
That is to say...
This particle seems to be just a weird new particle that looks like a Λ hyperon, but is actually somewhat different!
But if it is a new particle, another problem arises:
Mentioned before.
The four foundations of nature are the strong nuclear force, the weak nuclear force, the electromagnetic force and gravity.
Among them, the gravitational interaction is the weakest among the four basic interactions, but its range of action is infinite distance.
It's called long-range force.
The electromagnetic force exists between charges. This force is quite strong, and its range of action is infinite distance.
Strong interaction is the force acting between atomic nuclei. This interaction is the strongest of the four basic forces.
Its action distance is the second shortest among the four basic forces, and it is a short-range force.
The range of action is approximately 10^-15 meters.
Finally, there is the weak interaction, commonly known as the weak nuclear force.
It is also a force that exists inside the atomic nucleus and is a type of short-range force.
The range of action is approximately 10^-18 meters.
After calculating based on the band theory model, Zhao Zhengguo and others discovered a very special situation:
The distance between that new particle and the 4685Λ hyperon is about 10^-17 meters!
What does this mean?
This means that within this distance, theoretically only particles of the same type will not collide.
Take our earth as an example.
As we all know, the moon is a satellite of the earth. (The concept of companion stars will not be discussed)
So after long-term observation, we concluded a ‘rule’:
Small celestial bodies in the universe that can form stable structures at close range with large celestial bodies must be related satellite systems.
That is to say, the only things that can be stable at the position of the moon are satellites, not Venus or Jupiter.
in the microscopic realm.
This earth is the 4685Λ hyperon, and the new particles are similar to the moon.
So in the beginning.
Xu Yun regarded the new particles as 'satellites' of Λ hyperons, such as a new Λ hyperon with a slightly smaller mass.
But as the research deepened, Zhao Zhengguo suddenly discovered...
That new particle is not a satellite of the Λ hyperon at all. It is actually a planet similar to or even larger than the "Earth"!
But on the other hand.
However, it can stay in the orbit of the moon and form a celestial body combination with the earth, without affecting either side.
This is very, very intriguing...
Therefore, combined with the above highly suspected situation that destroys CP symmetry.
Zhao Zhengguo immediately thought of a concept:
Quantum tunneling!
The so-called quantum tunneling.
It refers to the quantum behavior in which microscopic particles such as electrons can penetrate or cross the potential barrier when the height of the potential barrier is greater than the total energy of the particles.
The most common place for quantum tunneling is the nuclear fusion reaction of the sun.
Because although gravity compresses the material inside the star relatively densely, it is also the ultimate source of energy for the star to undergo nuclear fusion and emit light and heat.
But in fact.
The density inside the star is not too high, certainly not as high as that of a white dwarf.
And obviously the density of the white dwarf...that is, the distance between two atoms, is still some distance away from nuclear fusion occurring.
Because the high temperature of the core allows two atoms to collide at extremely high relative speeds, however, order-of-magnitude analysis shows that this relative speed is not enough to enable the two atoms to cross the Coulomb barrier.
For an atom to sprint past the Coulomb force and reach the embrace of another atom, the speed required is hundreds of times higher than the temperature of the core of the sun.
This calculation is very easy to do, and the relevant concepts will basically be mentioned in the second year of a master's degree.
That is U~e^2/4πer, where r is the atomic radius.
The temperature U~KBT corresponding to this potential energy is much higher than the core temperature of the sun.
So before Gamov discovered the tunneling effect.
Scientists even generally believe that the temperature of the sun's core is not high enough for hydrogen fusion to occur.
Other than that.
Quantum tunneling.
It also happens to be an important concept in the field of quantum encryption studied by Academician Pan.
Actually.
Quantum "black technologies" such as quantum entanglement, quantum correlation, and quantum tunneling are all optimal equipment that can realize future quantum cryptographic communications.
So you can think about it.
A particle that has similar characteristics to a neutrino, but can be captured and observed, and can achieve quantum tunneling effects...
Once you can observe and study...
How helpful will this be to research on quantum encryption?
Of course.
Some people may have a misunderstanding, that is, if you discover new particles, you will have a chance to win a Nobel Prize or something.
But this is actually a relatively common misunderstanding.
This chapter is not over, please click on the next page to continue reading! To use a metaphor.
These achievements are roughly equivalent to the discovery of a new bird or fish in reality.
It's not hard to attract attention.
But if you want to win the prize, you have to discover dinosaurs...
For example, the LHCB has discovered more than 56 new particles so far, and the average number of particles discovered every year basically fluctuates around four to five.
If Nobel Prizes were really awarded, ten would be awarded every year around the world...
But from a scientific research perspective.
A newly discovered particle may provide a great boost to a certain theory or technology.
Think of this.
Zhao Zhengguo couldn't help but look at Academician Pan and said with emotion:
"Xiao Pan, you brought out a good seedling this time. I remember Xiao Xu is not a doctor yet, right?"
Academician Pan nodded and said with a smile:
"Well, I'm still a third-year graduate student, but I'm going to study for a Ph.D. next year."
Hearing this, Zhao Zhengguo's eyes flashed with a hint of envy.
The mentor-apprentice relationship in the scientific research community has always been a very complicated two-way process.
in this circle.
Students want to find a good mentor, and the mentor actually hopes to meet some promising students.
Shining on the lintel.
This is an idea that China has had since ancient times, and this is also true in scientific research circles.
For example, a very representative one is Academician Wang Zhenyi.
Mr. Wang has cultivated three academicians, Chen Zhu, Chen Saijuan and Chen Guoqiang, in his lifetime. His achievements of four academicians in one subject can be said to be a beautiful story in the Chinese scientific research circle.
At the moment, Xu Yun is not saying whether he has the possibility of becoming an academician.
At least let's continue this way.
A senior professional title is definitely indispensable, it is just a matter of time.
The potential is limitless...
Just when Zhao Zhengguo was thinking.
Xiao Liu, who was in charge of the main screen, suddenly raised his hand:
"Teacher, the ire value has reached 99.6%!"
Upon hearing this, Zhao Zhengguo's expression immediately straightened, and he and Academician Pan walked to the operating table together.
The particle impact they carried out this time was higher in specification than the one when they discovered the 4685Λ hyperon.
Many people often have such a habit in their lives:
Like to spin the umbrella quickly in the rain.
And when the umbrella rotates, clusters of water droplets will fly out along the tangent direction of the edge of the umbrella.
Synchrotron radiation refers to the electromagnetic radiation emitted along the tangential direction when charged particles moving at a speed close to the speed of light move in a curve.
That is, those water drops in the tangential direction.
If you want the water droplets to splash quickly, the amount of rain falling...that is, the light source requirements are naturally very high.
The more rain there is.
The more water droplets will be splashed out.
As of now, there are approximately 47 synchrotron radiation devices in the world, distributed in 23 countries and regions.
Among them, there are the first-generation light source used by the Yanjing Electron Positron Collider, the second-generation light source of the Luzhou Synchrotron Radiation Optical Laboratory, the third-generation light source of the Magic City Synchrotron Radiation Light Source, and the 4V Hsinchu Synchrotron Radiation Light Source.
For this particle research, Academician Pan and his colleagues spent a lot of favors and seconded the best CCD light source among second-generation light sources.
This is the light source with the highest radiation intensity among the second-generation light sources in China. It is said that people exposed to this light source will undergo extremely terrifying human body mutations.
For example, growing six pairs of hands can triple the coding speed, etc.
The cost of starting up a CCD light source is more than 2 million Chinese coins. It is second only to APS and Italy's Tiliaste light source among the second-generation light sources in the world, and is three times the light source commonly used in HKUST.
Of course.
The more expensive the price, the better the radiation effect of the light source will be.
You get what you pay for.
Therefore, after learning that the ire value reached 99.6%...that is, after the equipment debugging was completed.
Zhao Zhengguo and Academician Pan immediately looked at each other and nodded in unison.
Zhao Zhengguo took a deep breath and ordered:
"Power on!"
As the instructions were conveyed, Xiao Li's index finger, which had been lightly resting on the button, suddenly tightened.
Click——
at the same time.
Twenty meters underground.
A square magnet array about one meter high was activated by current and began to vibrate like a vibrating egg.
This is an oscillator of a co-radiant light source that oscillates the electron beam through a special coding period.
A few seconds passed.
call out--
A quarter-wavelength superconducting prototype cavity composed of 65 beam lines was quickly opened, and a beam of lead nuclei flew out instantly at an extremely fast speed.
And with the support of multi-bent achromatic lenses, they accelerated again in just one hundred thousandth of a second.
Seven hundred thousandths of a second later.
They quickly passed through a large-gap high-field-strength superconducting torsion device with a strength of 2.6T. This is another factor of "rain splash":
The force that turns the umbrella handle.
Under the influence of this ‘force’.
‘Rain’ begins small angle scattering.
influenced by.
In a microscopic realm that is invisible to the naked eye, some unknown changes occurred...