Rumor has it that it is a psychic beast lurking under the sutra table of Ksitigarbha Bodhisattva, which can identify all things in the world by listening to it.
Its image is an auspicious beast with a tiger head, a single horn, dog ears, a dragon body, a lion tail, and unicorn feet.
It looks like a dragon but not a dragon, like a tiger but not a tiger, like a lion but not a lion, like a unicorn but not a unicorn, like a dog but not a dog. The one horn represents the power of judgment.
In a sense.
Tingting and the gravity gradiometer have a very high degree of functional overlap:
They all rely on their own abilities to sense the general trend of the world, explore the stars, and search for the underworld.
With one sweep, nothing can be hidden.
Therefore.
Xu Yuncai gave the project team such a name, which belongs to the oriental romance unique to the Chinese people.
This time Xu Yun's team members have a total of fourteen people, ten men and four women.
Two of them are seniors, eight are master's students, and four are doctoral students.
As for Lu Chaoyang's identity...
It is the guidance of the research group.
Literally, his status is a little lower than that of Xu Yun, but neither Xu Yun nor Lu Chaoyang care much about this difference.
After arriving at the operating console.
Xu Yun and Lu Chaoyang looked at each other, and Lu Chaoyang cast a look at him with a tacit understanding, and the meaning was quite obvious:
Just ignore me and treat me like a wooden person. You can do whatever you want.
This is a common sense in scientific research cooperation. For example, Academician Pan and Zhao Zhengguo, who have higher standards than the Diting research group, will have a similar tacit understanding in their group.
There is no room for two tigers in one mountain. You may encounter this situation in the teaching and academic fields, but it rarely happens in front-line project teams.
Seeing this, Xu Yun nodded slightly to Lu Chaoyang, then turned around, turned his gaze to everyone present, and said loudly:
"Dear juniors, seniors, and seniors, this must be the first time for most of you to join my research group, right?"
Everyone in the audience nodded.
Xu Yun then said:
"Since this is your first time working together, I won't have too high requirements in terms of running-in, but I hope you can keep one thing in mind."
"That is, you can raise objections or even question my ideas in private, but during the operation stage, you must strictly follow my plan."
"Any questions related to the experimental plan can only be discussed after taking off the lab coat."
Xu Yun's tone was unusually harsh. After all, it involved a very important concept:
Team execution.
In science experiments, the execution ability of the team is a very critical link.
For example, Xu Yun encountered a situation in his previous life where the experiment failed due to team member hesitation:
At that time, he participated in a research project jointly conducted by Tianjin University and the University of Science and Technology of China, studying the chiral characteristics of certain leptons.
During the experiment, there are several links where the imposed conditions need to be changed based on real-time conditions.
One step in the process is to apply a high-density electric field.
At that time, the entire scientific community did not understand the characteristics of the double helix icotahedral structure, so the person in charge of the experiment discovered that the preset electric field strength was not enough when the field was approaching.
So he decided to immediately apply an electric field four times the original amount.
As a result, the operator of the electric field at that time expressed objections and repeated the confirmation several times. In the end, the best opportunity to apply the electric field was missed. More than 4,000 yuan in experimental funds were instantly scrapped because of this mistake.
Although the funding of four thousand yuan may not seem like much, in fact, for many project teams, this is already a quite high expenditure.
Having learned from the past, Xu Yun naturally would not allow this situation to occur in his research group.
These project members are almost the same age as him, so they must have some doubts or even slander about Xu Yun.
So Xu Yun could only put down these harsh words first, put himself at the highest point, and then slowly use his ability to conquer them.
After emphasizing the discipline issues.
Xu Yun talked about some other things, and then asked everyone to take their places and prepare...
Project research officially started.
The first research project of the research team is very clear, which is how to make the isolated point particles form a stable ground state as mentioned before.
This is also the basis for all subsequent research.
Therefore, Lu Chaoyang did not immediately separate from Xu Yun, but assisted him in tinkering with related equipment.
The ‘Eye of the World’ experimental cabin can be seen as a mini version of a second-generation light source accelerator, equipped with ion guns, front-stage accelerators, calorimeters, back-end electronic components and other instruments.
The entire experimental chamber looks a bit like a nuclear magnetic resonance device, but the underground coils are much larger.
Considering that no one at Qidian has written about the specific process of colliding particles, but many children are interested, here is a relatively simple popular science.
Generally speaking.
There are three main types of particles in the collider:
They are protons, electrons and heavy ions respectively.
The production method of protons is very simple, it can be obtained by ionizing hydrogen gas.
Electronics is a little more complicated, and there are three main processes:
Thermal emission - for example, if you burn LaB6 red, electrons will be emitted when an electric field is applied).
Field emission - add a high field, and electrons can be emitted from the tip of the needle.
And light emission - that is, laser emitting electrons, the photoelectric effect.
Because the laser is easy to control, it can produce short beam clusters of 10^-12s level and increase the brightness.
If it is an electron beam device that requires polarization - such as the future ILC (International Linear Collider) or EIC (Electron Proton Collider), then a special crystal is needed:
Gallium arsenide.
When a circularly polarized laser hits this crystal, electrons with the same spin direction are produced.
Positrons are generally produced through electron shooting:
After an electron stream of a certain energy bombards the target material, high-intensity bremsstrahlung radiation will be generated, and at the same time, the radiation will excite positrons.
Then just accelerate it under the action of the electric field.
The last particle is the heavy ion, which is also a highly used particle in colliders.
For example, a hadron collider requires heavy ions in highly charged states.
Heavy ions are generally produced by first ionizing atoms, accelerating them, and then stripping the atoms of their inner electrons.
This chapter is not over yet, please click on the next page to continue reading the exciting content! Then, under the action of the high electric field in the ion gun, plasma is generated.
Then the heavy ions are extracted through the electric field, and after being accelerated by the front-stage accelerator, the electron flow bombards the carbon film or gas to strip off the inner electrons.
Finally, these heavy ions are put into the main accelerator for acceleration.
Just have some hands.JPG.
What Xu Yun and the others used this time was lead ions.
The acceleration line of the 'Eye of the World' experimental cabin is much shorter than that of the main synchrotron radiation laboratory. However, since the orbit of the isolated point particle - or the probability - is already known, in practice, such a long line is not needed for acceleration.
.
After everyone has settled down.
soon.
A young man sitting in front of the monitoring screen raised his hand and said:
"Dr. Xu, the beam pipeline is ready."
Xu Yun took advantage of the situation and looked around.
As the monitoring screen is an important part of the entire experiment, it is naturally impossible for him to just arrange for a stranger to take charge of it. The handsome young man raising his hand at this time is called Liang Haoran. He is Xu Yun's fellow senior and is currently a third-year graduate student.
reading.
However, Liang Haoran did not regard himself as a senior brother at this time, but formally addressed Xu Yun's degree, looking like a passerby.
Xu Yun nodded slightly towards him as a greeting:
"What is the distance between two adjacent bundles?"
Liang Haoran clicked on the keyboard a few times:
"About 75 nanoseconds."
Xu Yun touched his chin and started doing quick mental calculations.
Multiply 75 nanoseconds by the speed of light, and the final answer is approximately 22.5 meters.
That is to say, when the beams are completely filled, there will be a lead ion beam every 22.5 meters.
The spacing is perfect.
Then Xu Yun asked again:
"What about the total number of particles?"
"About more than 200 billion."
Upon hearing the figure 'more than 200 billion', the expressions of everyone present did not change much.
after all......
This number is really normal in particle physics.
For example, take the European collider LHC as an example.
The LHC has two beam pipelines, with an average of about 250 trillion particles in each beam.
Every four hours, one-tenth of the particles in the LHC are consumed by collisions.
Therefore, when the LHC is operating, the beam needs to be replenished every ten or twenty hours.
no way.
This is the microscopic world.
Some numerical values or magnitudes that sound outrageous are extremely commonplace in the microscopic realm.
Give another example.
Neutrino.
Neutrinos are very penetrating and have a high density. There are about 100 per cubic centimeter, which is half the size of your thumb. Everything seems to be normal here, right?
Then add another premise:
The moving speed of neutrinos is close to the speed of light, 300,000 km/s, or 30 billion centimeters/s.
So every 30 billionths of a second, 100 neutrinos pass through your thumb.
In other words.
In one second, 3 trillion neutrinos pass through your thumb.
If this volume were spread throughout your body, the magnitude would be 10^16.
Xu Yun later saw a saying that the author is a bus, but in fact, in front of neutrinos, the readers are also buses.
This is microscopic physics, the mysterious and extremely attractive ‘abyss’...
alright.
The topic returns to reality.
After getting relevant data from Liang Haoran.
Xu Yun pondered for a moment and waved his hand:
"Then turn it on!"
The voice fell.
Not far away, a female doctor in charge of calibrating the vacuum tunnel put her middle finger and index finger together, gently slid them across her temples, and made a salute in a sassy voice:
"Got the order!"
Buzz buzz——
As the equipment started up, the atmosphere in the laboratory gradually began to become solemn.
Various values were reported from the crowd one after another as they were observed or calculated.
"Lb1 value is 13638.28!"
"K position calibration, reported points are T, T, T, F, T, T, T!" (T is true, F is False)
“The design index has reached the level of 10 to the 21st power!”
"Jinxi, please report the brightness!"
"Wait a moment, the computer is still calculating...it came out, the magnitude of 10 to the 28th power!"
"Get into position!"
call out--
In a tunnel invisible to the naked eye.
Thick beams jetted out from the long, black and hard tube, running in both directions, and finally completed the collision at super high speeds.
Snapped--
With the collision of lead ions.
Countless smaller particles exploded, and the image in the electron cloud room became increasingly clear.
at the same time.
The energy of the exploded particles is quickly deposited in the calorimeter, and electrons appear as the final product of the collision. The back-end electronic components read out and then convert them into electrical signals to enter the next processing stage.
The boy responsible for reading the back-end electronic components is called Lin Zixu. He is a thin and small boy wearing a pair of gold-rimmed glasses.
From the beginning of the experiment, he nervously paid attention to the digital display screen in front of him.
Da~
I saw a prompt sound.
The indication of a certain energy level suddenly started to stretch upwards like an inverted A-share index.
See this situation.
Lin Zixu pulled off his earphones and said to Xu Yun:
"Dr. Xu, we have observed a large number of energy residues of solitary point particles. The orbit probability you calculated is at least 80%!"
When Xu Yun heard this, his expression did not change much.
After all, that formula is a product of Halo. Although the derivation process is somewhat difficult, the accuracy after cracking is still very high.
Then he was silent for a moment, took a deep breath, and ordered:
