Chapter 404 A day recorded in the history of human science (Part 1) (Thanks
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"."
After hanging up the phone.
Dududu——
Listen to the busy tone coming from the phone.
Xu Yun couldn't help but turn his head and look at Lu Chaoyang beside him.
The conversation between him and Academician Pan had the loudspeaker turned on, so Lu Chaoyang clearly heard what Academician Pan said.
After meeting eyes.
Xu Yun and Lu Chaoyang both saw a hint of astonishment in each other's eyes.
Confused.jpg.
after awhile.
Xu Yun took the initiative to speak. After all, he was a little younger than Lu Chaoyang:
"Professor Lu, what do you think?"
"."
Lu Chaoyang was silent for a moment, and then something came out of his mouth:
"How about we eat takeout first?"
Xu Yun: "?"
Of course.
Lu Chaoyang's words were obviously a joke to liven up the atmosphere. Soon he coughed slightly and his expression became more serious:
"Xiao Xu, you also know the teacher's character. Although he occasionally jokes with everyone on weekdays, his mentality has always been stable."
"To be able to make someone like him lose his composure even when the mountain collapses before him, the focus is obviously not likely to be simply some experimental values, if my guess is good."
"That should be a phenomenon related to electromagnetic effects, a phenomenon that may have a severe impact on the existing physics building."
Xu Yun nodded in agreement.
When it comes to mentality, Academician Pan ranks among the top among everyone he knows.
As we all know.
In recent years, Haidonghai has been focusing on the starry sky above our heads, and projects such as Starlink have emerged one after another.
From the launch of the first batch of Starlink satellites on May 24, 2019 to now, SpaceX has successfully launched 44 batches of Starlink satellites.
Each launch can send 57-60 satellites into low-Earth orbit.
As of now.
The number of orbiting satellites in the Starlink project has reached 2,248.
In 2021.
Starlink satellites have approached the Chinese Space Station twice. For safety reasons, the Chinese Space Station complex has implemented two emergency collision avoidances.
Their purpose is to occupy all satellite orbits with Starlink satellites, which directly threatens our country's space security.
In this context, the national quantum satellite program came into being.
The person in charge of this project is Academician Pan.
The total funding for the country's entire credit plan is as high as 100 billion, and the amount that has been allocated exceeds 10 billion. The Mozi is one of the results of the project.
Such a huge amount of funds, combined with the fact that the current quantum encryption communication technology is far from mature.
Therefore, Academician Pan has always been questioned a lot.
There are normal concerns among them.
There are also denunciations for not recognizing quantum mechanics.
There are also attacks on Academician Pan personally, such as saying that he is a big liar. In fact, if you think about it, how can a project that allows the country to invest hundreds of billions of funds be deceived with just one mouth?
There were no less than a hundred academicians participating in the discussions before and after the entire project, and Academician Pan was just the person in charge who was jointly elected.
Fortunately, with the birth of the Mozi and Zu Chongzhi computers, and Anton Zeilinger winning the Nobel Prize, these voices have become quieter recently.
all in all.
As a figure who has always been at the forefront of the limelight, Academician Pan's mentality has long been tempered and is as solid as a rock.
This caused his voice to tremble.
Use real-life examples as examples.
This is equivalent to one day when the work is due. Big-eyed Tian Rui said Fu Banana and they updated 30,000 a day at the same time, and it lasted for a week.
Think of this.
Xu Yun's scalp was slightly numb.
Then he took a deep breath, looked at Lu Chaoyang, and said:
"Professor Lu, in that case, let's prepare and see the results as the teacher said?"
Lu Chaoyang nodded and expressed his agreement:
"no problem."
Then the two briefly explained the situation to everyone in the project team, and naturally everyone had no objections.
This is a common situation in the laboratory. Not to mention working overtime temporarily, it is normal to lay the floor in the laboratory sometimes.
Moreover, as relevant people, they were also curious about what could cause Academician Pan to lose his composure.
Since this was a temporary experiment, there was no customized plan in advance.
Therefore, the first thing Xu Yun and Lu Chaoyang have to do is to determine the specific operating procedures and various numerical values.
"Is it the electromagnetic interaction of isolated point particles in an unprocessed state?"
Next to the operating table.
Lu Chaoyang thought for a while and quickly wrote a few words on the paper.
Then use the pen to circle around them:
"Xiao Xu, what do you think of the idea of resonance amplification?"
Xu Yun thought for a moment and nodded:
"I think it's feasible."
As we all know.
In the universe we live in, there are four basic interactions, namely the four fundamental forces.
they are, respectively:
strong interaction,
weak interaction,
gravitational interaction,
and electromagnetic interactions.
Use force to describe.
They are the strong nuclear force, the weak nuclear force, the electromagnetic force and gravity.
Among them, the strong nuclear force and the weak nuclear force only work between the scales of atoms and subatoms, that is, neutrons, protons and quarks.
So in the macroscopic world, you will not notice these two forces.
The so-called strong nuclear force refers to the binding (sticking) of quarks together through gluons like glue to form neutrons and protons.
The weak nuclear force drives radioactive decay, causing a neutron to decay into a proton, an electron and an antineutrino.
Students who have used mushroom bombs or been blown up by mushroom bombs should know this.
Nuclear fission is a process of radioactive decay in which heavier nuclei split into lighter nuclei, releasing a large amount of energy at the same time.
So nuclear weapons are mainly related to weak nuclear force.
The so-called small universe in "Saint Seiya" essentially refers to the weak nuclear force.
So the phrase "Burn my little universe" can also be called "Decay my weak nuclear force".
In addition, the Golden Saint's Light Speed Fist is essentially a photon exchange, ahem, but it doesn't ruin childhood.
The strong nuclear force and the weak nuclear force are also called short-range forces because their effects are very short-lived.
The universal gravitation and electromagnetic force can be reflected in the macroscopic level, so they are called long-range forces.
Mentioned earlier.
The concept of electromagnetic interaction involves a very wide range. Elasticity, friction and forces in all biological systems are all macroscopic manifestations of electromagnetic force.
At present, the only particles that do not undergo electromagnetic interaction are neutrinos, which are unique cases.
so.
It is not easy to detect electromagnetic interactions between particles.
Especially after the object is changed to special particles such as solitary point particles, the difficulty becomes countless times higher.
After all, what Academician Pan is talking about is a solitary point particle that has not been grounded. In layman's terms, it means that it has no 'entity'.
Therefore, if you want to detect the electromagnetic interaction of isolated point particles, you must use some other foreign objects.
For example.
The resonance amplification mentioned by Lu Chaoyang.
The core idea of resonance amplification is actually almost the same as the Cavendish torsion balance.
That is to say, a phenomenon with a very small magnitude is amplified into an observable state through certain media - it's just that the Cavendish torsion scale is for the naked eye, while the former is aimed at equipment.
After getting Xu Yun's unanimous opinion, Lu Chaoyang scratched his head again:
"The idea is settled, but how should we enlarge this thing? How about we make a source-quality single chip?"
Xu Yun pondered for a few seconds, and when his peripheral vision scanned the second-generation light source channel, his eyes suddenly lit up:
"Professor Lu, what do you think we should start with spin?"
Then he stretched out the index fingers of both hands and made a parallel gesture:
"Look, the spins of electrons are either parallel or antiparallel, right?"
"Then let's create an alternating parallel and anti-parallel electron beam and let them hit the lead particles."
"At that time, there is a high probability that they will annihilate and become photons, and the photons will then form a pair of quarks and antiquarks."
"But due to the existence of quark confinement, the quarks will not be directly detected in the end, but will be hadronized and become a bunch of hadrons ejected in the direction of the original quarks."
"The 4685Λ hyperon is a type of hadron, so in the final experiment, we will definitely see a group of particles appearing in two opposite directions."
"The magnitude of annihilation is enough to amplify subtle reactions, and then we can just compare the trajectories of the spray columns in opposite directions."
After Lu Chaoyang listened to Xu Yun's thoughts quietly, his frown did not completely relax:
"This is indeed a way of amplification, but Xiao Xu, how can we find the 4685Λ hyperon and so on!"
The words are not finished yet.
Lu Chaoyang suddenly realized something and turned to look at Xu Yun:
"That track?"
Xu Yun nodded vigorously:
"That's right."
These days, the orbits of all particles can only be inferred through cloud chambers, except for the 4685Λ hyperon.
because
It has a known probability orbit!
This is the trajectory that Xu Yun originally calculated and that Zhao Zhengguo and Academician Pan collaborated to discover solitary point particles, triggering the particle love story!
In other words.
As long as Xu Yun and Lu Chaoyang perform preprocessing according to the wave function of the orbit, they will be able to measure the electromagnetic interaction of the isolated point particles.
Because from birth to death, the lone point particle is accompanied by the 4685Λ hyperon.
Think of this.
What happens next is very simple.
Academician Pan can tell Xu Yun and Lu Chaoyang to start testing now. In addition to having confidence in them, there is another hidden meaning:
That is the current equipment level of the laboratory, which can fully afford the accuracy required for relevant experiments.
So it's very fast.
Xu Yun and Lu Chaoyang set the relevant values on the spot.
"Alternating parallel and anti-parallel 100 times a second should be enough, right?"
"There's no problem in mathematics, but if you want to be safer, let's increase it to 200 times."
"Okay, what about the scattering probability of 4685Λ hyperon?"
"Wait a minute, I'm calculating about three-fifths of a thousand."
"Three out of five thousand, that is, thirty sets of data may be generated in about four minutes. So how about setting the time to 80 minutes?"
"walk slowly."
"What about the coupling area? How much is demarcated?"
"1 millimeter should be enough."
"Abba aba aba aba."
that's all.
Half an hour later.
Xu Yun and Lu Chaoyang quickly finalized the experimental plan.
Then Tang Fei, Zhang Han and other tools came forward to enter the correlation coefficient settings into the computer program.
Another ten minutes passed.
A reply came from the dispatch center of the HKUST Co-radiation Laboratory:
The second-generation light source, electron beam and lead particle beam used for the experiment have been prepared, and the experimental time allocated to Xu Yun's team is two hours.
Since the entire process occurs inside the beam tube, there is no room for any operation outside except pressing the start button.
So after the device starts.
Xu Yun and others went
Had takeout.
In fact, according to normal circumstances.
In the case of successfully breaking through the life span of solitary point particles, the atmosphere of this meal should be very active:
Everyone will discuss the publication date of the paper and imagine the scene when their signature appears on the publication.
They might even coax Xu Yun into giving him a treat or a big sword.
But as the experiment arranged by Academician Pan progressed, the atmosphere at the scene suddenly became a little dull.
Everyone is curious about one thing:
What is this phenomenon that makes Academician Pan tremble and even panic?
Half an hour later.
Everyone hurriedly finished the takeaway and returned to the laboratory.
Xu Yun then came to Liang Haoran, who had been sitting on the main control device, and asked him:
"Brother, how is the situation?"
Liang Haoran's brows were slightly knitted at this time, pointing to the screen on the console and saying:
"Dr. Xu, look at this."
When Xu Yun heard this, he put his head in front of the screen.
Visible through monitoring equipment.
At this time, the collision in the annular pipe is still proceeding normally, and the current distribution radius of the scattered particles is still within the preset range.
But soon.
Xu Yun let out a light sigh and discovered a problem:
"Huh? The spinor field only has the left-hand field?"
Liang Haoran nodded and clicked on a more detailed page:
"Yes, according to the results we observed, isolated point particles have the characteristics of self-coupling, that is, non-Abelian groups."
"But I did a vector analysis in isospin space and added the left-hand field of electrons - that is, after we emitted the left-hand field vector of the parallel electron beam, an EY group appeared."
"This EY group has a special feature, that is, it has a mass eigenstate of 0."
Xu Yun suddenly frowned.
Left-hand field and right-hand field do not refer to whether you use your left hand or your right hand. This is the concept of the fermion spinor field.
This concept does not need to be understood in depth. In short, after forming such an EY group composed of phase transformations, the mass eigenstates of all particles are non-zero.
Among all known particles, only the neutrino once had a value of 0—the reason why it is said to have been because after the discovery of neutrino oscillation, its value was also non-zero.
Think of this.
Ye Zhi, who was in charge of ordering takeout, blinked and asked curiously:
"Senior Xu, is this the result that Academician Pan wants us to see?"
Hearing this, Xu Yun and Lu Chaoyang looked at each other and shook their heads slightly:
"The possibility is very low. Didn't Professor Lu just say that something that can make a teacher lose his temper cannot be just a numerical value."
"Let's wait a little longer."
Everyone has no opinion.
Afterwards, everyone returned to their positions one after another. While the collision was not over, they either checked their cell phones or closed their eyes to calm themselves down.
Xu Yun and Tian Liangwei had just run back and forth to the airport in the morning. The hundreds of kilometers of journey consumed a lot of energy, and they were really tired.
So he pulled an unoccupied stool in front of him, took a blanket, and rested with his feet up.
I do not know how long it has been.
Lu Chaoyang's voice suddenly sounded in the groggy Xu Yun's ears:
"Xiao Xu, Xiao Xu, wake up quickly!"
Xu Yun had been thinking about the experimental results subconsciously. Hearing this, he immediately opened his eyes and looked at Lu Chaoyang quickly:
"Professor Lu, are there any results?"
Lu Chaoyang nodded heavily and raised a report in his hand.
Xu Yun could clearly see that Lu Chaoyang's fingers were trembling slightly at this time.
After a while.
Lu Chaoyang took a deep breath and slowly said:
"Xiao Xu, according to our measurement results, the lone point particle"
"Except for the gravitational interaction with other particles, other strong interactions, weak interactions and electromagnetic interactions are not involved."
When Xu Yun heard this, he suddenly stood on the spot.
Note:
This paragraph will taste better when used in conjunction with the titles of chapters 358-359~
I stayed up all night for too long and slept for 22 hours.
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The update started on the 5th and will last for seven consecutive days!
