Into the unscientific Chapter 410 The most important achievement of high-energy physics after the founding of the People's Republic of China...is born! (Part 2)
Chapter 410 The most important achievement of high-energy physics after the founding of the People's Republic of China...is born! (Part 2)
"Um...Academician Zhou, as for the Peccei-Quinn metric, can you try it without using the double electron capture angle..."
In fact, from a volume perspective, the pitch of this sentence is not high.
But at this moment.
Because the scene was too quiet, these words seemed unusually clear in the laboratory.
Swish——
Almost less than half a second.
Including Zhou Shaoping, Hou Xingyuan and Ji Xiangdong.
Everyone's eyes turned towards the speaker at the same time.
at the same time.
Somewhere outside the crowd, Xu Yun just weakly retracted his raised hand.
It is clear.
This sudden remark came from Xu Yun's mouth.
"..."
Academician Pan next to Xu Yun also had a somewhat surprised expression on his face, as if he had not expected Xu Yun to say such a thing at this juncture.
However, he didn't pull Xu Yun's arm like he did in many movies, and just said "young people are ignorant" and other blaming words without caring about anything.
Quite the opposite.
After regaining consciousness.
Academician Pan subconsciously looked at each other and Zhao Zhengguo, spoke before the others, and asked:
"Xiao Xu, what do you think?"
As Xu Yun's teacher, Academician Pan knew Xu Yun's character very well.
He knew that his student was by no means the kind of person who was reckless and aimless.
Moreover, as the discoverer of solitary point particle orbits, Xu Yun’s understanding of solitary point particles is second only to him and Zhao Zhengguo.
On this basis.
It is entirely possible that Xu Yun had a flash of inspiration, after all, this issue was already in the discussion stage.
Except for Academician Pan.
Zhou Shaoping also gently adjusted his decorative prescription glasses and asked Xu Yun thoughtfully:
"I remember you are Dr. Xiao...Xiao Xu, right? What do you mean by double electron capture?"
Hearing this, Xu Yun raised his head and glanced at Dean Hou next to Zhou Shaoping. He pondered for a moment in Dean Hou's encouraging eyes and said:
"Academician Zhou, you should know that theoretically, a cold dark matter particle should meet the two characteristics of non-conservation of lepton number and non-conservation of baryon number, right?"
Zhou Shaoping nodded.
As a pioneer in high-energy physics in China, he certainly knows this concept.
Of course.
In high-energy physics, the relevant definition is not non-conservation as Xu Yun said, but conservation of lepton number/baryon number.
They refer to an additive quantum number. The sum of the baryon number/lepton number of each particle before and after the reaction is equal to the sum of the baryon number/lepton number of each particle after the reaction.
In some sense...
This is somewhat similar to balancing in chemical formulas.
Then change equal to not equal in the second half of the sentence, which is a case of non-conservation.
Another thing that needs to be emphasized is that.
The so-called conservation here does not mean that they are not allowed to appear or disappear. It just means that the law of the creation or disappearance of baryons or leptons must satisfy the law of conservation.
Take protons as an example.
The conservation of baryon number limits that the final state of baryon decay must contain baryons, so protons cannot decay into baryons heavier than themselves, so protons are very stable.
But in quantum field theory.
The non-perturbative sphaleron process satisfies the conservation of baryon number minus lepton number B-L, but can convert baryons and leptons into each other, which lays a theoretical foundation for baryon/lepton non-conservation - although for most substances
, this is a restricted area.
The concept of non-conservation generally involves antimatter, such as electrons and positrons - particulate antimatter exists. In 2010, CERN, the European Institute for Particle Physics, created antihydrogen atoms.
There is also PET in medical applications, whose full name is positron emission tomography.
PET also uses positrons, which come from the beta decay of radioactive isotopes, and are already very common in life.
Of course.
The issue of antimatter will not be discussed here for the time being, but like the annihilation of matter and antimatter, dark matter is also consistent with the non-conservation of lepton number/baryon number.
why?
the reason is simple.
Because the kinetic energy of dark matter is much smaller than the corresponding static energy - this sentence is the real core of dark matter.
This is the way the solitary point particle moves as mentioned many times before:
Teleport.
For example, the theoretical static energy consumed by a solitary point particle is 100, but the actual kinetic energy of teleportation is 50.
So the 50 less lost is the so-called non-conservation, and can also be counted as a rebate in the micro field.
The above sentence is very important. This is one of the core essences of dark matter.
Think of this.
Zhou Shaoping paused and asked again:
"Xiao Xu, what next? How are you going to use these two characteristics?"
Xu Yun was silent for a few seconds. He glanced at a blank writing pad on the table and took it out, explaining as he wrote:
"Academician Zhou, you may not know much about it. A solitary point particle has a characteristic, which is that it will always follow its companion...that is, the 4685∧ hyperon."
"And 4685∧hyperons...or all hyperons are...baryons."
Zhou Shaoping's eyes suddenly lit up, and he vaguely seemed to have figured out some clues, and he quickly urged:
"Xiao Xu, please continue."
Xu Yun nodded. At this time, he was not so nervous anymore:
"Based on what I've said before, here's what I think."
"We can first impose a special condition... such as 1/2 * e^2/h to create a short-term breach field to promote the generation of chiral 4685∧ hyperons.
"
“When the chiral 4685∧ hyperon is generated, the solitary point particle will ‘die in love’ with it.”
“Since the generated 4685∧ hyperons have both left- and right-handed properties, they will form a Fermi-shaped excitation region.”
"At the same time, we can start hitting xenon atoms with electron beams..."
"etc!"
Xu Yun didn't finish his words.
The old academician who had previously opposed Zhou Shaoping's plan, but had said that he would volunteer to do calculations if he could come up with corresponding ideas, suddenly interrupted him.
This chapter is not finished yet, please click on the next page to continue reading the exciting content! The name of this old academician is Zhang Gongding, he is engaged in topological physics, his main direction is gauge transformation, and he has just turned 80 this year.
Zhang Gongding has a somewhat Mediterranean hairstyle, rosacea, a somewhat out-of-shape figure, a always fiery temper, and no room for sand in his eyes.
I remember that when Zhang Gong was appointed to review outstanding students, another academician of the Academy of Engineering wanted to find him to open a backdoor for his students. Basically, he wanted to raise a B-level notebook to an A, so that he could apply for an outstanding student.
In fact, strictly speaking, this is not a standard backdoor. It takes some skill to write a B-level book. The transition from B to A is often ambiguous.
The result was unexpected.
Zhang Gongding directly replied to the other party, "Go away," causing the other party to lose face so much that he still hates him now.
Of course.
Being able to come to Jinping Laboratory shows that Zhang Gongding is qualified both in terms of ability and conduct.
Having a hot temper is just a matter of personality.
After interrupting Xu Yun.
Zhang Gongding frowned, covering the left side of his abdomen with one hand, and asked:
"Little comrade, there is nothing wrong with what you said before, but what is the purpose of the electron beam hitting xenon atoms?"
Xu Yun didn't pay much attention to Zhang Gongding's interruption. He knew that this big man's character was like this, so he patiently explained:
"Academician Zhang, have you forgotten where this place is?"
"here?"
Zhang Gongding was stunned for a moment and replied without thinking:
"Isn't it the Jinping underground experiment...wait a minute!"
Talking and talking.
Zhang Gongding seemed to realize something. He suddenly raised his head and stared at Xu Yun:
"You mean...A1 Test Hall?"
Xu Yun smiled and nodded:
"That's right."
at the same time.
Zhou Shaoping on the side also quickly understood what Xu Yun meant. He couldn't help but snap his palms together in joy:
"Wonderful!"
Then seeing that some academicians or academician assistants in non-related majors around him did not understand what Xu Yun meant, Zhou Shaoping took the initiative and said:
"Didn't Xiao Xu's previous plan create a Fermi-shaped excitation region? If an electron beam is used to hit xenon atoms in this case, something will happen..."
"That is, two electrons will migrate into the nucleus at the same time in the shell close to the nucleus, collide with a proton, and convert the proton into a neutron."
"In addition, during this process, a by-product of the conversion will be produced - the nucleus will spit out two neutrinos."
"And the one next door to our room..."
Said.
Zhou Shaoping pointed to the wall on the left and said meaningfully:
"The test hall code-named A1 can complete neutrino detection..."
After speaking, he paused and his tone was somewhat emotional:
"This detection does not necessarily mean capturing neutrinos, it only needs to detect the 'spit out' decay reaction."
"Compared to capturing neutrinos, the decay reaction can be done by any laboratory in any university, let alone Jinping."
"As long as we use this data as a framework, we can try to construct the Peccei-Quinn metric wide area field..."
Zhou Shaoping's voice slowly echoed in the room, and the entire main console could be heard.
Mentioned before.
The Peccei-Quinn metric is an axion field model that is very suitable for the detection of dark matter.
But how to build such a framework is a troublesome matter.
It's like a program.
We knew in advance...or conceived of the functionality of this program,
For example, it can complete calculations on the order of 10 to the power of 24, or it can download a teacher's short movie in real time, etc.
But how to write its code is a problem that needs to be solved first.
As long as this code runs out, the remaining specific operations are the responsibility of the program.
In this incident.
The 'function' of the program is to control the emission angle θ of the particles, so that the upper and lower signal receivers can avoid radioactive background errors through optical path differences.
The idea given by Xu Yun is the specific way to construct a wide-area field, which is the content of the "code":
The Peccei-Quinn metric involves the local u1 symmetry of the gauge field extended from Maxwell's equations, so a chirally symmetric gauge field is obviously a very suitable choice.
The 4685∧ hyperon is an excellent gauge field basis.
It is not antimatter, but it can interact with solitary point particles.
And there is non-conservation of baryon number in solitary point particles...
Under conditions similar to 1/2 * e^2/h.
4685∧Hyperons and solitary point particles will not directly form a wide field, but they can form a Fermi excited state.
in this excited state.
Two vacancies will appear in the decaying atomic shell, so two electrons will be "loaded" at the same time.
As we all know.
Protons are composed of two up quarks and one down quark, and neutrons are composed of one up quark and two down quarks.
Protons and neutrons transform into each other by transforming a u quark (2/3e charge) and a d quark (-1/3e) into each other.
For example, neutrons can release electrons and electron neutrinos' antiparticles into protons, and protons with very high energy can release positrons and electron neutrinos into neutrons.
The first one above is called β-decay, and the second one is called beta decay.
That is, electron proton = electron neutrino neutron.
And this time.
Everything is back to where it started:
The lone point particle conforms to the non-conservation of lepton number and the non-conservation of baryon number, that is, the kinetic energy is less than the static energy.
Hence the same signal.
The electron neutrinos ultimately generated by the Fermi excited state formed by solitary point particles are completely different from the signals of the conventional radioactive background. (I am a damn genius~)
But soon.
Zhang Gongding frowned again and asked another question:
"Dr. Xiao Xu, if you are going to start with dual electron capture, there is still a problem that needs to be solved, right?"
This chapter is not finished yet, please click on the next page to continue reading the exciting content! Xu Yun quickly straightened his body:
"Appreciate further details."
Zhang Gongding scratched his own penis and counted with his fingers:
"You see, the W-boson plays a propagation role in the transformation of protons into neutrons, right?"
"So the whole process is actually the up quark absorbing the W-boson. So how are you going to correct this part of the energy level accuracy error of the W-boson?"
"The energy level accuracy of W-boson..."
When Xu Yun heard this, his expression suddenly became serious.
Now this plan belongs to his sudden inspiration, and the time for detailed thinking is actually not long, or it cannot be long.
Being able to say that sentence before was largely due to his understanding of solitary point particles.
Therefore, after hearing Zhang Gongding's question, Xu Yun quickly realized a problem:
Although my plan eliminates the error of conventional radioactive background, it has the additional influence of W-boson.
The magnitude of the influence of this part is about 80GeV, and the error is about 70,000, which is much more accurate than the 3% error of ΛCDM.
But this margin of error is still very large, at least it is far from the 'perfect' scenario that everyone expected.
If it had been before, it would have been easier to say something.
But now with the introduction of this new plan, everyone's expectations and emotions have become much higher.
Therefore, compared with before, this time many academicians are less willing to just 'make do' with it.
But how to solve this problem...
Just when Xu Yun was silent.
Suddenly there was another voice outside the crowd.
Compared with Xu Yun's lack of confidence in speaking before, this voice is really weak:
"Xiaozhang... you can try... try adding J/psi particle correction..."
Xu Yun and others took advantage of the situation and looked around.
After seeing the appearance of the person he was speaking to, Xu Yun was suddenly shocked.
The person who spoke this time was none other than...
Wang Yaoping, Wang Lao!
I didn't know when, but Mr. Wang's wheelchair had been pushed near the main console.
This national treasure-level veteran of China's space technology was currently wearing a blanket and panting as he spoke:
"Using J/psi particles as a background model...should...should be able to offset the error of W-boson..."
"J/psi particles?"
heard this term.
Xu Yun, Zhou Shaoping and others were startled at the same time.
This is a particle whose production mechanism is still unclear.
The more common ways it appears include singlet prompt, octlet prompt and the decay of B and cantin.
For example, one of the signs of QGP is the suppression of J/Psi output under high horizontal momentum.
Divided by addition.
J/psi -> rho π- is also a very representative strong decay.
The energy of the J/psi particle is about 3GeV. Although it is quite different from the 80GeV of the W-boson, it has a very special feature:
That is the W-boson scalar field that can satisfy the symmetry.
for example.
If Xu Yun and his colleagues' experimental process is a stream of water, W-bosons are small magnets mixed into the water, which will affect the volume statistics of the water stream.
The J/psi particle is a kind of magnetic pole.
It can perfectly absorb W-bosons without reacting with water flow.
I have to say, as expected of Mr. Wang, he won the bid as soon as he opened his mouth and hit the nail on the head.
With a patch like J/psi particles...
At least from a theoretical point of view, Xu Yun's plan can be said to be completely established.
Of course.
As a sophisticated research project, it is not enough to be qualified in theory.
In order for it to run smoothly, various key values need to be calculated.
This is not an easy job either.
This kind of data without ready-made templates is difficult to use with the help of supercomputers and the like, and completely needs to be reset.
Various materials...such as the total number of water-based liquids, the incident angle of J/psi particles, etc., can only be preliminary designed based on past experience.
As for whether the amount is too much, too little, or just right...
The only way to verify is to perform actual operations and then debug based on the final results.
But all in all.
The most difficult entry points have been solved.
Xu Yun, who had spent a lot of energy before and after, could not help but yawn at this moment.
Last night, a professor named Lu, who did not want to be named, actually didn't sleep well in the guest house because he snored.
So he spoke to Academician Pan, then returned to his seat under the stage and took a nap.
As a result, he had just squinted for a while when a burst of conversation came to his ears.
Xu Yun subconsciously opened his eyes and found that Zhou Shaoping was standing two or three beside him, talking to his assistant:
"Xiao Ma, go to the luggage room and get my reading glasses, hurry up!"
After the assistant leaves.
Xu Yun patted his cheek and asked Zhou Shaoping curiously:
"Academician Zhou, are your glasses broken?"
"Oh, it's Xiao Xu."
Zhou Shaoping also noticed Xu Yun sitting next to him at this time, and pointed to the glasses he was wearing with a smile:
"No, no, the pair of mirrors I have now are decorative mirrors without prescription. They can't be broken even if I want to."
Xu Yun was stunned:
"Then you asked Assistant Ma to get your reading glasses..."
Zhou Shaoping glanced at him and moved his chin towards the main console:
"Although the solution you proposed is theoretically feasible, it still requires very complex adaptation and planning to formulate it into specific operational steps."
"It is impossible to design such an adapted computer or supercomputer, and other researchers are inexperienced, so we old guys discussed it with Xiao Ji, and we came forward to help formulate a specific plan."
"After all, few people in China are more experienced than us in program design."
This chapter is not finished yet, please click on the next page to continue reading the exciting content! Zhou Shaoping just finished speaking.
The voices of old academicians also came from around:
"Xiao Chen, make me a pot of American ginseng!"
"Xiao Guo, where are my dentures?"
"Xiao Ji, this laboratory doesn't have much equipment. Can I smoke?"
"Who can give me a pen? As a media player, you have to use a pen to do calculations. I haven't used a pen for decades after leaving the desert. It's a pity that Lao Zheng left early..."
Except Zhou Shaoping.
The academician closest to Xu Yun is Zhang Gongding, who has a very irritable personality. At this time, he was cheerfully making fist-cup gestures towards several colleagues:
"Brothers, wait for me for a moment. I'll go change my diapers and come back. As we get older, we can barely turn except our heads, but I can't control some parts..."
soon.
Including Academician Pan, all active academicians have been assigned corresponding adaptation tasks.
"...."
Looking at the bustling scene, Xu Yun's nose suddenly felt a little sore.
As the top underground base in the country and even the world, Jinping Laboratory has many advanced equipment.
In some data analysis aspects, it even surpasses the common "national team" and the like.
But when there is a lack of templates for a certain link and complete independent adaptation is required...
These devices are somewhat powerless.
The only thing useful in this situation is rich scientific research experience.
And look at the whole of China.
Who can have as much experience as these old academicians?
This is a cruel but undeniable reality.
But looking at these 80- and 90-year-old men going into battle wearing diapers...
Xu Yun always felt a little uncomfortable in his heart.
Still not strong enough...
This is true whether it is an individual or a country...
after awhile.
A trace of determination flashed in Xu Yun's eyes, and he quickly walked to Zhou Shaoping's side and said:
"Academician Zhou, let me give you a try."
"To start?"
Zhou Shaoping was stunned for a moment, with a trace of hesitation on his face:
"Dr. Xiao Xu, what I want to do is not just a simple calculation, otherwise it can be solved with a computer."
"Such as high transverse momentum and the span of the gauge field base, all require very complex adaptation. At least two or three modules must be linked together. Can you do it?"
Xu Yun nodded vigorously:
"Don't worry, I can definitely keep up with you!"
Zhou Shaoping seemed to want to say something more, but thinking of Xu Yun's previous performance, he finally agreed hesitantly:
