Into the unscientific Chapter 443: A few things about the history of modern Chinese physics. This chapter contains a lot of popular science. It is recommended to subscribe with caution.
Chapter 443: A few things about the history of modern Chinese physics. This chapter contains a lot of popular science. It is recommended to subscribe with caution.
"..."
Live broadcast.
I watched the audience applaud for a full minute.
Although Academician Pan's face remained calm.
But his back molars were biting the inner wall of his lip cavity, and his hands were tightly holding the edge of the podium.
The eyes of Shaoping, Zhao Zhengguo and others next to the stage were already filled with a layer of mist.
As the second and third generation physicists of New China.
They have been waiting for this day for too long...
In 2022.
Relying on many industrial Internet articles such as "Big Power Heavy Industry", "Industrial Overlord" and "Material Empire", many people have a better understanding of China's early industrial history.
Mention that era.
Many people have images of blood, tears, tragedy, and inspiration in their minds.
Although most people still don't have a deep understanding of that industry, they have some relevant concepts and know that it is an epic and tragic history.
But what few people understand is.
The history of physics in China is even more tragic than the history of industry.
Unlike the many founders of the industrial circle, there are only three founders of the history of modern Chinese physics.
They are Academicians Ye Qisun, Wu Youxun and Zhao Zhongyao respectively.
Among them, Mr. Ye Qisun is more sensitive, so I won’t go into details here.
Academician Wu Youxun was born in 1897. He went to the University of Chicago to study physics in January 1922, and met his mentor Arthur Compton in 1923.
Academician Wu Youxun made a very significant contribution in establishing the Compton scattering image - he spent several months independently measuring the X-ray scattering of various scatterers, thus rejecting the tertiary radiation hypothesis.
Then in early 1925.
Compton officially announced experimental results on X-ray scattering spectroscopy.
At that time, Professor Bridgeman, a famous physical experimentalist at Harvard University, personally conducted many experiments on the "Compton Effect" but failed to obtain the expected results. This caused many international physicists to question the "Compton Effect".
Doubts about the "Pton effect".
Later, it was still Academician Wu Youxun who assisted Compton in conducting public tests on the scattering of fifteen elements, and this result was finally implemented.
It was for this achievement that Compton won the Nobel Prize in 1927.
Compton spoke highly of Wu Youxun's work in his book "The Theory and Experiments of X-rays" published in 1926.
He also juxtaposed Wu Youxun's X-ray spectrum scattered by 15 elements and his own X-ray spectrum scattered by graphite as the main basis for confirming his theory. (The original picture is in the online library of Saint Louis University.
The library has a scanned version)
Therefore, before 1950, the Compton effect was generally known internationally as the Compton-Wu Youxun effect.
But after Academician Wu Youxun returned to China to attend a plenary session and decided to participate in the construction of basic disciplines such as mathematics, physics and chemistry.
The Compton-Wu Youxun effect was just like Kanye on the Internet, it disappeared instantly.
What replaced it was the Compton effect, even though Compton himself protested many times, it was still to no avail.
After returning home.
Academician Wu Youxun formally formulated a long-term scientific research plan in 1956, condensing many major projects such as atomic energy, computers, semiconductors, computing and statistical mathematics, aeronautical mechanics, etc., and is a true "national master".
As for students, the famous Mr. Wei Chang was his disciple.
In addition, many second-generation academicians such as Feng Duan, Hu Hongwen, Wang Zhuxi, Ge Tingsui, Peng Huanwu, Yu Ruihuang, and Huang Kun were cultivated, which fall into the standard concept of founders.
There is now another physics award in China called the Wu Youxun Award.
However, although Academician Wu Youxun has made great achievements, he relatively focuses on policy formulation and research.
When talking about equipment development and implementation, another person must be mentioned.
That is, the last of the three founders, Academician Zhao Zhongyao.
Academician Zhao Zhongyao was born in 1902. He studied at the California Institute of Technology in college and studied under Professor Millikan, the president of the school and Nobel Prize winner.
At that time, Academician Zhao Zhongyao took the risk of angering Millikan and got a challenging experimental topic.
After more than a year of hard work day and night, Zhao Zhongyao discovered the abnormal absorption and special radiation produced by hard gamma rays when they pass through heavy matter.
He wrote this major discovery into two papers and published them publicly in May and October 1930 - yes, "nature" was published in 1930
This was actually the earliest experimental evidence of the generation and annihilation process of electron-positron pairs. It was eventually perfected by Rutherford, and the Nobel Prize was awarded to Rutherford.
Autumn 1931.
Academician Zhao Zhongyao learned about the September 18th Incident in China and resolutely returned to China to teach at Shuimu University.
Among the first batch of students he taught were Wang Ganchang, Zhou Tongqing, and Shi Shiyuan.
Subsequently, Zhao Jiuzhang, Peng Huanwu, Qian Sanqiang, Wang Daheng, Chen Fangyun, Zhu Guangya, Academician Deng and others were trained.
China's first nuclear physics laboratory, the first electrostatic accelerator, the Department of Modern Physics of HKUST, the Institute of High Energy Physics, etc... were all created by the veteran academician Zhao Zhongyao.
The dragon's roar in the Western Desert was the hard work of Academician Zhao Zhongyao.
It is a pity that Academician Zhao Zhongyao passed away in 1998 and did not persist until the day when the medal of two bombs and one star was issued.
The same pity as Academician Zhao Zhongyao is his student, Academician Wang Ganchang, who is only 5 years younger than him.
Academician Wang Ganchang participated in the experimental research and organizational leadership of China's atomic bomb, hydrogen bomb principle breakthrough and nuclear weapons development.
At that time, Academician Wang Ganchang changed his name to Wang Jing and remained anonymous for fourteen years.
There is a line in the movie "Born Out of the Sky" about the hero of two bombs and one star that must have impressed many people:
"Do you want to remain anonymous for the rest of your life?"
In real history, the first person to be asked this question was Academician Wang Ganchang.
Regrettably.
In the summer of 1997, 90-year-old Academician Wang Ganchang was suddenly hit by an unknown cyclist and was seriously injured.
This chapter is not over yet, please click on the next page to continue reading! Academician Wang Ganchang was ill for half a year due to a fractured leg. In addition, his first wife passed away, and he finally passed away in 1998.
It is really regrettable that the two meritorious academicians passed away only a few months after the medals for two bombs and one star were issued.
Of course.
Since Academician Zhao Zhongyao was mentioned, let me break up the rumor here.
Nowadays, when many marketing accounts on the Internet mention Academician Zhao Zhongyao, they will inevitably mention a story:
During the Anti-Japanese War, in order to prevent 50 milligrams of radium from Shuimu University from falling into the hands of the Japanese, Academician Zhao Zhongyao dressed up as a beggar and carried the radium to Kunming in a lead can, and delivered it to President Mei Yiqi in Changsha.
.
Some marketing accounts will also include a black and white photo of a beggar, saying that this is the image taken at the gate of the Changsha school.
What would be even more outrageous would be written [In order to avoid inspection, he often walked on small roads, passed through thorny jungles, traveled through mountains and rivers, and once almost lost his footing and fell into the rolling river].
Or maybe the security guards in Changsha stopped Academician Zhao Zhongyao, and President Mei Yiqi happened to come out at that time. Zhao Zhongyao called out to President Mei in a hoarse voice. The two shook hands excitedly and handed over the lead can with tears streaming down their faces.
....
And what is the fact?
Unfortunately.
Academician Zhao Zhongyao has never escorted radium.
The photo widely circulated on the Internet is of a beggar in Shanghai before liberation. As for the story of escorting Lei...
The protagonist of this incident is Yan Yuchang, a technician who stayed on campus from the Department of Physics of Shuimu University, and is also one of the famous martyrs.
At that time, he had the cooperation of the workers.
First he moved the radium to his home, and then managed to send it to Tianjin and handed it to Professor Ye Qisun, where it played an important role in the teaching and scientific research of Southwest Associated University. (tsinghua/info/1952/17601.htm, add "i" in front of it)
It can be accessed. This is the history of Shuimu University on the official website of the Shuimu University Alumni Association. This incident is recorded in the second paragraph of "The Atrocities of the Japanese Invaders at Tsinghua Campus")
So I don’t know what the mentality of the people who spread such rumors is, using other people’s stories to create and move themselves.
Even if there is no such thing, Academician Zhao Zhongyao's status and contribution are already very noble.
Not to mention that Mr. Yan Yuchang later continued to manufacture landmines for the Jizhong Supply Department. He was the soul of the vigorous "Landmine War" in the Jizhong Plain. He died heroically after being captured in 1942.
The deeds of such a martyr have been erased and grafted on by some marketing accounts. It is really shameless. (After I finished writing this episode, I realized that it occupied a large section, but after thinking about it, I decided not to delete it. It introduced so much.
The story of modern physics in foreign countries, I think it is necessary to write some of our own history of modern physics)
The topic returns to its original place.
In addition to his actual contributions, Academician Zhao Zhongyao is most famous for his long-term vision.
Perhaps it was because both he and Mr. Qian had their personal freedom restricted across the sea.
After Academician Zhao Zhongyao returned to China, he always regarded the other side of the sea as an imaginary enemy.
At the same time, on the day when the Department of Modern Physics of the University of Science and Technology of China was established, he said a very famous saying.
At that time, he held a handful of sand in his hand and said to the audience:
"Have you seen these (sands)? Compared with aircraft and cannons, we have to pay more attention to areas smaller than sand."
"Decades from now, let alone let us study sand on the other side of the sea, they will probably not even give us a chance to hold sand."
Everyone knows the subsequent story.
China has developed atomic bombs and even hydrogen bombs.
The heavenly palace flies up to the sky, and Chang'e ascends to Guanghan.
But only in the field of high-energy physics, China does not have the slightest say.
One ∧ symbol can shout out countless accents.
Lambda, Namuda, and even Kabuda have come out...
So at this moment.
What Zhou Shaoping and others are excited about is not just the recognition of their achievements, nor the fact that this year will be the birth of the first Nobel Prize winner in physics who was a Chinese national at the time of the award.
But because...
The seal that has been covering China for more than 70 years has been completely lifted.
From now on, when we talk about dark matter, we must mention China!
At the same time, those institutions that are neutral or even friendly...especially laboratories that are different from the Liner Laboratory and specialize in dark matter research, but have a need for dark matter or dark energy, must also inherit the sentiments of the Chinese physics community.
Don't think that this kind of gratitude is of no use in the scientific community.
For the scientific community in Europe and America, where letters of recommendation for admission are more important than grades, a favor of this nature is priceless.
Other than that.
The impact of this news on national scientific research sentiment is equally hard to estimate.
In recent years, due to some external slander and internal problems, the reputation of China's scientific research circle in public opinion is second only to the national football and entertainment circles.
But just like a lot of news about the national football team is actually distorted, there are also a lot of misunderstandings in the Chinese scientific research circle.
True.
In recent years, there have indeed been some news breaking out involving academic misconduct or sexual dealings by academicians.
But from January 2019 to January 2023, the number of academicians who were exposed for academic misconduct or pornographic news in the four years was only four.
How many academicians are there in China?
1,700 people!
There was something I said a long time ago:
In any matter, it is very unfair to use an example to criticize a group.
I don’t know how many academicians who devoted themselves to scientific research were inexplicably turned into idiots by AOE.
But if you explain this kind of thing, people will reply to you:
Why doesn’t China produce top results?
In fact, this sentence is essentially wrong. It is not that there are no first-class achievements in China, but that many achievements are simply incomprehensible to the public...
For example, the Daya Bay neutrino oscillation matrix angle measurement results mentioned twice before were released just a few months ago, which shocked the industry.
But how many ordinary people know about it?
There is also the anomalous Hall effect, which is also a Nobel Prize-level result. (You can keep an eye out. These two results are indeed amazing. Maybe I will win the Nobel Prize in a few years. Then I will be a prophet, Jie Jie Jie.
....)
But from a broader perspective, this statement is actually true:
China does not have top-notch results that the public is familiar with.
But now with the discovery of dark matter, this problem will be solved.
At least during the period of three to five years, the popularity of physics will be relatively high.
There will be more people jumping into this big pit... ahem, entering this field.
Just like Liu Xiang and Yao Ming back then.
Of course.
This situation is bound to give rise to many false research groups to defraud funds, but this is not an issue that needs to be considered now. The ones who need to worry are Hou Xingyuan and the senior officials of the academy.
Academician Pan then took a deep breath and forced himself to calm down.
At this time, the press conference is still completely over, and you must not open the champagne at halftime. AC Milan is still hanging on the pillar of shame, staring at the next unlucky guy.
After everyone calms down.
Academician Pan looked around, adjusted the microphone, and asked someone in the audience:
"Mr. Millsap, do you have any doubts about this result?"
The Millsap described by Academician Pan is an old man in his seventies, wearing a neat and elegant suit, and coming from the Gaul Wesson Laboratory.
Unlike CERN and Liner laboratories.
In the previous research process of the Wesson Laboratory...or to be precise, from the day the Chinese Academy of Sciences issued the announcement, it showed strong hostility and distrust towards the Chinese Academy of Sciences.
At that time, they posted a thumbs up and clown emoji on their official Twitter account, and their attitude is self-evident.
Now that many participants have stood up and applauded to express their opinions, Academician Pan's question is undoubtedly an insult to Millsap.
Of course.
The Academy of Sciences really needs to get their personal acknowledgment from the mouths of these representatives, so that the matter can be considered nailed down.
"...."
Below the podium.
Looking at Academician Pan who was looking at him with a smile on his face, the muscles on Millsap's face twitched slightly.
Millsap's full name is Millsap Andre Octave, and his ancestors, five generations back, were Luc Andre, the man who massacred the third largest number of civilians in the Gallic coalition during the Eight-Power Allied Forces' invasion of China.
Octave.
Based on incomplete statistics.
Luc Andre Octave killed no less than 70 civilians during the entire invasion, and looted a large number of cultural relics from the Forbidden City, including the jade Ruyi auctioned by Christie's in 1994 - the then
The auctioneer is none other than Millsap Andre Octave.
So sometimes I really have to sigh at the magic of certain things, and the coincidences are even more amazing than the plot of the novel.
Such is the case with Atsushi Suzuki.
The same goes for Millsap Andre Octave.
However, at this time, Milsap Andre Octave did not feel happy at all, but felt strong anger and embarrassment.
Why?
Why did these Chinese people really find dark matter?
them......
Also suitable?
However, even though there were countless dissatisfactions in his heart, Millsap Andre Octave could only be like Louis XVI at this time, watching the guillotine fall but unable to resist.
after all......
What he represents at this time is not himself, but the Wesson Laboratory and the Gallic scientific community.
Think of this.
Milsap Andre Octave couldn't help but clenched his fists, took a deep breath, and said to Academician Pan:
"Yes, Pan, there is nothing wrong with the experiment of the Chinese Academy of Sciences. You have discovered real dark matter."
There was a burst of sparse applause, barely giving him some face.
Academician Pan also thanked Millsap Andre Octave graciously, and then looked at another representative across the sea:
"Ms. Linna, what do you think?"
The participant named Linna is a woman in her fifties but still charming, from the Kentucky-Polbo Laboratory across the sea.
It is not difficult to see from the order of Academician Pan’s questions that the Kentucky-Polpo Laboratory’s attitude towards China is obviously not much better.
But compared to Millsap, Linna is obviously much thicker-skinned.
I saw her slowly standing up from her seat and saying with a 'sincere' face:
"Mr. Pan, this experimental process of the Chinese Academy of Sciences is indeed eye-opening. On behalf of the Kentucky-Bolbo Laboratory, I am honored to congratulate the Chinese Academy of Sciences. You have used your bodies to open the door to dark matter for the physics community."
Hear this.
Xu Yun in the audience couldn't help but curl his lips.
She is indeed the old witch across the sea. She is quite disgusting when she is angry.
The words "bumping the door open with your body" are not good words on today's Chinese Internet.
However, no matter how much personal feelings Lina filled in and how reluctant she was, at least she did express her stance on the main body of the content.
Therefore, Academician Pan did not delve too deeply into it, but continued to look at the third person:
"Mr. Apache..."
that's all.
Academician Pan asked people one by one. The people he called had different expressions, but they could only reluctantly express their agreement.
After all, the results achieved by the Academy of Sciences this time are really hard.
More than ten minutes later.
Academician Pan, who was quite refreshed, could no longer suppress the smile on his lips and looked at the audience with a happy face.
Things have come to this point.
He could finally breathe a sigh of relief and say that his mission was accomplished.
Next, we just need to wrap things up briefly, and Hou Xingyuan can take care of the rest.
What follows are some interviews.
Academicians Zhao Zhengguo and Zhou Shaoping will also appear one by one, just like the CERN and Kamiokanen press conferences.
This is the honor that each of them deserves.
As for the surprise...
joke.
At this point, what surprises could there be?
If an accident really happened, he would go and chew the ax carried by John Ellis in the audience on the spot!
Then Academician Pan took a deep breath and prepared to make a conclusion:
"Dear guests and audience friends, now I..."
As a result, the words were not finished.
A standard American male voice sounded from the audience:
"Yixi Q Simi, Mr. Pan, may I interrupt you for a moment?"
