Looking at a bunch of big guys with excited expressions.
Xu Yun suddenly felt a trace of emotion in his heart.
The hard work that I and Yu Da have put in these past few days finally have an initial opportunity to be made public.
What?
How big is Xu Yun's contribution, you ask?
joke.
It’s scary to say that without Xu Yun’s help, DaDa’s efficiency would have dropped by at least several notches – the pencils used in DaDa’s calculations were sharpened one by one by Xu Yun!
What is the assist of the century?JPG.
While Xu Yun was feeling delighted, Da Yu finally introduced his ideas:
"Comrades, my design for the miniaturization of the hydrogen bomb is almost like this. If any comrade has any ideas or objections, you are welcome to put them forward now."
The relevant parameters of the hydrogen bomb are top-level secrets in any country, but even if they are as high as Emperor Huangtian, these confidential data will eventually be implemented through production.
Now these big guys in the conference room are responsible for the production, so DaDa did not hide much when introducing the contents of the hydrogen bomb, and even reported the specific parameters.
After hearing the question from Greater than.
Soon a younger expert in the audience raised his hand:
"Comrade Yu Min, I have a question."
Da Da smiled politely at the other party:
"Comrade Zhang Qing, if you have anything to say, it doesn't hurt to say it."
This young expert is called Zhang Qing, who has the same name as Wu Yujian in Water Margin. Together with another female comrade at the base named Zhang He, they are also known as the two "military generals" of the 221 base.
Zhang Qing is currently responsible for the data derivation and production research of neutron beam collimators. He is one of the few talents who can lead projects in both theory and application.
Then Zhang Qing looked at the calculation paper in front of him, which recorded a lot more information and parameters than what was mentioned in the introduction:
"Comrade Yu Min, according to what you just said, the three-dimensional deflection angle you designed is 5.5. Is this value a bit small?"
"According to the idea of Rutherford's formula, the cross-section does not care about the positive or negative coefficient of a. After miniaturization, the detonation angular momentum inside the hydrogen bomb should be E=mv∞22, M=mv∞pφ0=∫rmin∞(p/r2)dr1
?p2/r2?2U/(mv∞2)...."
"I simply calculated based on this logic. I can't guarantee the exact result after the decimal point, but the single digit should not be less than 7."
Zhang Qingbai's clean and fair appearance is a bit "slightly affected" in later generations' terms, but when he asked questions, his expression and tone were very serious.
Stereoscopic deflection angle.
This is hydrogen bomb design... to be precise, it is a very important concept in the entire atomic physics.
The solid angle is often represented by the letter Ω, which is the angle of an object to a specific point in three-dimensional space. It is the analogy of a plane angle in three-dimensional space.
It describes the concept very simply:
It is the measure of the size of an object as measured by an observer standing at a certain point.
For example, for a specific observation point, a small object near the observation point may have the same solid angle as a large object far away.
Taking the observation point as the center of the sphere, construct a unit sphere. The projected area of any object onto the unit sphere is the solid angle of the object relative to the observation point.
This is similar to "A plane angle is an arc length on the unit circle".
The solid angle is a measure of the size of the angle in space, which is similar to the theorem "the plane angle is the length of an arc on the unit circle".
On the plane, the circumferential angle multiplied by the radius equals the chord length, and the solid angle multiplied by the square of the radius in space equals the surface area of the sphere.
In this way, a solid angle formula Ω=SR2 can be defined, the area element is R2sin(θ)dθdψ, the solid angle is Ω=sin(θ)dθdψ, and the solid angle of the closed curve is Ω=∫sinθdθdψ=2π(1?cosθ0).
Therefore, the unit of solid angle is not [°] as many people may subconsciously think, but sr.
The maximum solid angle is 4π, or approximately 12.57.
In the process of nuclear fusion.
The solid angle is a linkage parameter of the detonation angular momentum. In a sense, it can be understood as the relationship between the total number of code words written by a writer in a single day and the code word speed per hour.
During the coding time every day...that is, when the propagation speed of X-rays remains unchanged.
The faster the writer's code word speed (initial angular momentum), the more (higher) the total number of code words (solid angle) in a single day will be, and vice versa.
And just like most writers have to update at least four thousand words a day, the solid angle will have a theoretical lower limit in every situation.
This lower limit will vary according to the settings of each system frame. In this frame that is larger than the design, the solid angle should not be lower than 7 in theory.
In addition to Zhang Qing, there were many theoretical experts at the scene. After hearing this, they all picked up their pens and made simple calculations.
In the case where the relevant parameters have been clearly given, this calculation process simply uses the Gaussian elimination method to solve the system of three-dimensional cubic equations.
So less than two minutes.
Many scholars put down their pens, communicated in low voices with the people around them, or nodded slightly.
It is clear.
The situation mentioned by Zhang Qing does exist - the solid angle is too small compared to the design.
Although the solid angle below the lower limit can increase the explosion efficiency of nuclear materials, it is a fatal flaw for subsequent energy transmission, which can easily lead to detonation failure - just like the writer who has less than 4000 days, you can do it this way, but
If you attend perfectly, you will be gone.
However, Yu Yu's expression looked very calm at this time. He waited for all the scholars who were calculating to put down their pens, and then slowly said:
"That's right, Comrade Zhang Qing, if you look at it from the perspective of Rutherford's formula, this solid angle is indeed a bit small."
"According to the information we currently have, whether it's the mille-feuille hydrogen bomb across the sea or the bear, the Rutherford formula is used."
"But is there a possibility - I'm just saying it's possible, that although the Rutherford formula is suitable for the derivation of solid angles, it is not actually the choice to maximize efficiency?"
This chapter is not over yet, please click on the next page to continue reading! Zhang Qing was suddenly startled.
Then Da Da thought about it and continued:
"Everyone knows about the CA10 transport vehicle at our base. Its theoretical maximum speed is 65 kilometers per hour."
"But this does not mean that the limit of the 5.6-liter 6-cylinder engine in the CA10 is this number. If it is replaced with a car with better hardware conditions, its speed may reach 80 kilometers per hour."
"CA10 is the Rutherford formula. It can control that engine smoothly and run for thousands of kilometers without any problems, but it is not the engine's ultimate framework."
This time, Zhang Qing finally understood what Da Da meant:
"Comrade Yu Min, are you saying that you have derived a scattering formula that is more efficient than Rutherford's formula?"
Da Da nodded heavily:
"That's right."
Then Yu Da picked up the chalk and wrote directly on the nearby blackboard:
"The Rutherford formula describes a classical scattering cross section, which is an excellent theory in the case of atomic bombs... that is, nuclear fission."
"But according to my deduction, when the conditions are changed to fusion...even if it is an uncontrollable fusion framework, there is actually a trap in the collision parameters of point particles."
Zhang Qing’s voice was raised a bit:
"trap?"
"Yes."
Yu Da circled the formula he wrote and explained:
"In the case of fusion, the velocity of point particles has an imaginary value."
"This virtual value seems to be the limit value, but in fact it can be faster."
Mentioned earlier.
Just like the solid angle is not a regular degree angle, the scattering cross section is also not a cross section in conventional cognition.
This is a physical quantity that describes the scattering probability of microscopic particles, also known as collision cross section.
When a moving particle collides with another stationary particle, if the number of moving particles per unit area perpendicular to the direction of movement in unit time is 1 and the number of stationary particles is also 1, then the probability of collision per unit time is called collision
section.
The dimension of the cross-section is the same as the dimension of the area, and the unit is Tern, 1b=10?24cm2..
If the collision is elastic scattering, the corresponding cross section is called an elastic cross section; if the collision is inelastic scattering, the corresponding cross section is called an inelastic cross section.
In 1909.
Rutherford conducted an alpha particle scattering experiment and established a nuclear structure model of atoms based on this experiment, creating a new world of atomic physics.
This experiment also provided future generations with a method to study the structure of matter using scattering methods, which had a profound impact on the development of modern physics and has been widely used in many fields of modern physics.
In classical mechanics.
The movement of particles has a definite orbit, so the key to classical scattering is to find the orbit, that is, to find the relationship between the scattering angle and the collision parameters. Of course, Newton's laws of motion are used here.
Most of the proofs of Rutherford's scattering formula use Newton's second law or Binet's formula, as well as geometric methods that use the basic knowledge of conic sections combined with parameters, etc.
"Assume that the incident particles within the area element dσ on the incident cross section are scattered and located in a solid angle of size dΩ. Obviously, the larger dσ, the larger dΩ."
The chalk in his hand was clattering on the blackboard while he said quickly:
"Define the ratio of the two as the differential scattering cross section, that is, D(θ)=dσdΩ."
"And dσ=bdbdφ, dΩ=sinθdθdφ, so D(θ)=bsinθ|dbdθ...."
"The absolute value sign appears in the above expression. As the collision parameter b increases, the scattering angle will decrease, so db/dθ is a negative value, and the differential cross section we define is a positive value."
"But in fact, in the nuclear fusion scenario, the orbit of the a particle is not one branch of the hyperbola, but... two branches."
"This can be obtained mathematically by separating variables and integrating, or it can be derived from Comrade Zhao Zhongyao's meta-hadron model."
Future generations of students who have studied theoretical physics should all know this.
The data from the particle scattering experiment is very small at the scattering angle...that is, θ
