Today’s update is relatively early, so I’ll post a small single chapter.
In the previous chapter, a reader asked whether at this time, brothers, regardless of age, would call each other brother, and sisters, regardless of age, would call each other sister, but that was not the case.
(1) The title of brother to brother
If they are full brothers, the younger brother can be called the following: mother-brother, biological brother, etc.
If they are not full brothers, they are called half-brothers or half-brothers.
Note: The above are all addresses addressed to the third person.
You can call each other how you want to call each other, usually expressed by ranking, such as——
Eldest brother, eldest brother, second brother, second brother, third brother, etc.
The above are common titles. We know that there can be many kinds of titles for a person. In addition to common titles, there are also honorific titles, honorific titles, etc.
He is known as Xianxiong, Zhexiong, Changjun, etc.
Humbly called: Brother.
(2) The title of brother to brother
Mother's brother, biological brother.
Younger brother, second younger brother, third younger brother, etc., based on ranking.
Let’s add something more.
Sometimes there is a distinction between concubine and concubine: brother-in-law and brother-in-law.
Sometimes there is a sense of righteousness in recognizing brothers: righteous brother, righteous brother.
Those who are dead are called dead brothers or dead brothers.
There are also general terms in no particular order: brother, brother, brother, brother; brother.
I find that if subdividing is too much trouble and there are multiple permutations, just keep it simple.
(3) The titles of elder sister and younger sister.
Ranking: uncle (sister), eldest sister, eldest sister, second sister...; Yuan sister, Ji sister, uncle, etc.
Common terms regardless of ranking: female brother, sister, elder sister, elder sister; female brother, younger sister, roommate, etc.
(4) Cousins
Cousin, cousin, cousin, cousin.
Congjie, Congmei, cousin, cousin.
By the way, this refers to our cousins with the same grandfather.
If not, there are two situations: (1) the same great ancestor, the ancestor's brother, the third brother... (2) the same great ancestor, the clan brother, the third brother.
If the great ancestor is not the same person, then the relationship is too far. How to call them depends on their friendship.
Those who are not close to you will call you brother, clan brother, and those who are close to you will call you Mr. XX (rank).
Note: I haven’t figured out the sister-in-law and the cousin-in-law yet. It may be the difference between cousin and aunt, but there is no evidence.
The following is the highlight, the names between parents and children, there are too many names.
(1) What parents call their children
There is no distinction between outsiders or calling each other, everyone understands the context individually.
Let’s start with the more cheesy ones: Ai Zi, Jiao Er, Ai Daughter.
Normal title: X Lang.
Modest title: dog.
Honorific titles: Young Master, Xian Lang, Xian Young Lady.
Then, under various circumstances and identities, biological children: legitimate son, other son (concubine), older son, young son, youngest son, immature son, immature son, and adopted son.
Non-biological children (why are non-biological children listed separately? Because the Tang Dynasty did not taboo about raising children for others. It cannot be said to be common, but it is by no means uncommon): stepson, fake son, adopted son, adopted son, ex-son (ex-wife’s son)
Son, the same as stepson), adopted daughter, adopted daughter, cousin daughter, etc.
Next, let’s add another wave of titles for everyone to keep in mind: filial son, dutiful daughter, virtuous son, beautiful son; prodigal son, violent son, foolish son, rebellious son, rebellious son, and yaksha.
Second son and second daughter: Zhongnan, Zhongzi; Zhongnu, Yanu.
Third son, third daughter: I understand... Meng, Zhong, Shu, Ji will line up...
Youngest son, youngest daughter: young son, young boy, young girl, young girl.
All of the above can be called by ranking, nickname, or directly called son or daughter.
(2) Children’s names for their parents
This is very particular.
Honorific titles: Sir, Father, Mother.
Common titles: everyone, grandpa, grandpa, grandpa, mother, grandma, empress.
Children call their parents to outsiders: family king, family respecter, loving mother, and kind face.
Call other people’s parents: Zunfu, Zuntang, etc.
The collective names for parents are: zunqin, gaotang, grandma, parents.
Here are some interesting names.
Eunuch: eunuch, eunuch, eunuch, eunuch, middleman, middle official, etc.
A disparaging name for a martial artist: Qiu Ba.
He Guangyuan's "Jian Jie Lu·Qing Bo Jian": Taizu (Wang Jian) asked who created the play of beating the clasp. The doctor (Feng Juan) replied: "Qiu Ba put it in." The emperor laughed.
A disparaging name for scholars: Cuo Da.
Li Shangyin: Crows are as big as Cuo, and they sing when they are hungry and cold.
Cuoda was originally called Jituo.
"There used to be a scholar who lived in poverty on the outskirts of Xinzheng (do you remember the vinegar ditch that appeared in this book?). He used his donkey to carry vinegar and sold it when he patrolled the towns. He became a poor man. The people in the town called him a piggybacker of vinegar.
"
Vinegar Tuo first became "Juda" and then "Cuoda", but I don't know how it evolved.
The title Cuoda became very popular in the Tang Dynasty.
For example, "Jiangling Language": There are more pipa than rice steamers, and more cuos than crucian carp.
Xuanzong said to his ministers: "Cui Xuan is really a noble man, Pei Xiu is really a great man."
How do students call their teachers? Just call them teacher, sir.
To be more specific, a teacher who is always learning is called a "Changshi". If you respect him more, he is a "Mingshi".
Let’s talk about a special title “teacher”, which is a Buddhist term and is generally a title for a master who guides all sentient beings into the path of Buddhism.
Just write this much, go to sleep, and chat next time when you have time.