Unfortunately, there are no historical records left of the Gaochang Uighurs.
I think there may have been some at the beginning, because later generations unearthed a large number of Uighur documents and contract fragments, which provide us with valuable information for studying the Gaochang Uighurs. Some of these materials are now stored in Chinese museums, and some are in France and Germany. Fortunately,
Let us transcribe and study.
Let’s start with the Uighurs’ westward migration.
After the Uighurs were raided and destroyed by the Yygas Khanate, the tribe dispersed and generally had several destinations.
(1) Some Uighurs in the eastern grasslands turned to Khitan and integrated into Khitan. For example, in the Shulu tribe, Abaoji’s wife Yueliduo was a Uighur.
(2) Some were led south by Wujie Khan to the Tang Dynasty and were defeated by Liu Miao. Some were killed, some were captured, and some fled. Later, they had internal strife and were annexed by the black chariot Shiwei. Wujie Khan and his younger brother also died
During this time.
(3) One group went south to Ganzhou and became the Ganzhou Uighurs. The Ganzhou Uighurs were historically destroyed by the Xixia. Some of them fled into Qinghai and became the Yellow-headed Uighurs, which are the predecessors of the Yugu people.
(4) Some people, mainly from the western grasslands, did not leave, or stopped in the Altai Mountains. These people were ruled by the Gaochang Uighurs, and later merged with the Tatars who moved westward, and eventually became the Naiman tribe.
(5) Some people moved westward, mainly Pang Teqin. This part will be focused on below.
After Pang Teqin fled to the Western Regions, he actually had a large number of people, with 200,000 people recorded in history. However, people's hearts were divided, each had their own agenda, and the composition was also very complicated.
To put it simply, the ten inner Uighur surnames headed by Yaoluoge and the nine outer Uighur surnames headed by Pugu are vaguely divided into two camps - but it is not absolute. Generally speaking, we still follow the custom and listen to Pang Teqin.
, including Pugujun.
Around the tenth year of Emperor Xuanzong's reign (856), after repeatedly confirming that the Khan was dead, he had been calling himself Yehu Pang Teqin and couldn't wait to call him Khan.
But he didn’t urinate and look in the mirror. Do you have that prestige? The ten surnames in the Uighurs quit their jobs immediately, internal strife broke out, and some people went east to join the Guiyi Army. Zhang Yichao was afraid that these ten surnames in the Uighurs, Goulian Sha, Gua
The Uighurs in the two states sent them to Ganzhou - at that time the Uighurs in Ganzhou were nominally surrendered to the Guiyi Army.
Pugujun saw the internal strife among Pang Teqin's group, so he found an opportunity to set up his own business, and then fought against the Anxi Uighurs (mainly with the ten surnames).
But when he was alive, his performance was not very good, and he was still facing pressure from Tibet. His territory was not large, mainly Xizhou and Beiting, and Beiting often changed hands.
After Pugujun died, his successor still called himself "King Pugutian".
Therefore, it is difficult to say whether the "Pugu Tianwang" who later attacked eastward and defeated the rebel army during the Qianfu period was actually him. I tend to think not.
What was the name of Pugujun's first successor? No one knows. But he was a very capable man. During his reign, he dealt a great blow to the Anxi Uighurs. He personally led the troops in the Western Expedition in 890.
, captured Yanqi and Qiuci in one fell swoop, and drove the Anxi Uighurs to the west of Congling.
It is not known when he died. But it is most likely after 900, because he ordered the construction of Beiting City, and he was still paying attention to the city from 890-900 or later.
But it is unlikely that he will live after 910, because he was active after 874, and he should have been a certain age by then. Even if I am 25-30 years old, I would be born in 845-850. Based on the life span of prairie people, by 910
He was already 55-60 years old, and by the time of the book (914), he was over 60, so the possibility is slim.
In addition, we also know from the fragments unearthed in Turpan in later generations——
“On September 24, the blessed year of the Earth Monkey (948)…the second year after our Holy Tomorrow Khan Tangri Bugu sat on the throne of Ku l Bilga, we have a feeling in our hearts…
"
(The original text of the name in the above paragraph is Uighur or Turkic. I can’t type it out, so I’ll just take a look.)
It can be seen from here that in the Year of the Earth Monkey (948), a new Khan (name unknown) ascended to the throne and was called King Pugu—tangri bugu, which literally translates to Tengri Pugu.
The previous great khan was named ku l bilga and died in 947.
"On the third day of the second lunar month in the happy year of the Fire Goat (947)... when King ku l bilga... was in power, his ruling range extended from Sachiu to the east, and to Xidanuchi Boseqian (Nu, actually Yinsai).
Kehu)."
It can now be inferred that Pijia Khan (?-947) is probably the third or fourth generation Khan of Gaochang Uighurs (not sure...).
Due to the blank information, the book regards him as the third generation Khan. Based on the inference of the year of his death, his birth date is 890, which is more reasonable.
Of course, it is also possible that there is another khan in the middle, and Pika is the fourth generation. This is all possible, but this book does not use it because I am too lazy to think of a name for him.