The agricultural geography of Nanzhao can be roughly divided into six parts.
(1) Erhai farming area.
This is the land of Longxing in Nanzhao. It has a long history. The main residents are Wuman and Baiman. There was a household registration statistics in Nanzhao in the later period, with a total of more than 109,300 households, which is a population of 500,000 to 600,000. It is a well-deserved first place.
A land of great wealth.
"The soil has rice, wheat, millet, and beans, and the harvest is the same as in mid-summer, and December is the first month of the year. Vegetables include onions, leeks, garlic, and cyanines. Fruits include peaches, plums, plums, and nachos. There are
The silk and linen women are weaving silkworms, making silk cloth, less than seven inches wide, and dyeing scarlet silk..."
In short, because of the pleasant climate, this is a place similar to the traditional farming areas of the Central Plains, comparable to Jiangnan. Now Dali Prefecture is located, and it is also the first important town in Yunnan Road in Daxia.
(2) Dianchi Farming Area.
The development history of this place is actually no later than that of Dali. It was once very glorious in the Qin and Han Dynasties, even stronger than Dali, but declined in the Wei and Jin Dynasties. The Tang Dynasty briefly occupied this place and worked on reclamation along the Dianchi Lake, but then it was discontinued.
The imperial edict relay has achieved remarkable results. Although it is much inferior to Dali, it is still the second most important town in Yunnan, and it is Shanchan Prefecture in Tokyo.
The main residents of the Dianchi farming area are Xicuan Baiman, who are highly sinicized and mainly live in Kunming, Qujing, the eastern part of Chuxiong Prefecture and parts of Honghe and Wenshan Prefectures.
"The local customs only focus on paddy fields, planting hemp, beans, millet, and millet, but only in the town. The paddy fields are harvested once a year. The rice is harvested from August to the turn of November and December, which is convenient for planting barley in the rice fields." - Implemented
It is made from rice and barley and is harvested twice a year.
(3) Wuman Animal Husbandry Area.
Mainly located in the east of Nanzhao, the residents are Dongcuan Wuman, roughly distributed in parts of Chuxiong Prefecture, Zhaotong, Qujing and Honghe.
"Scattered in forests and valleys", "There are many cattle and horses in the land, no cloth", "They are all clothed in cattle and sheep skins."
In short, they do not do much farming, do not weave, and make a living by raising animals. But they are not actually poor. "Dong Cuan is also a Wuman country. Tianbaozhong stretches from Quzhou and Jingzhou in the northeast to Xuancheng and Yiluo in the southwest.
Looking at each other, the cattle and horses are wild."
(4) Northwest livestock area.
It is mainly located in the Diqing, Lijiang and Nujiang areas in northwest Yunnan in later generations. The main population is the Wuman tribe, Moxieman, Shiman and other tribes.
The local people mainly engaged in animal husbandry. Historically, it changed hands repeatedly between Tubo and Nanzhao. Finally, it was acquired by Nanzhao and established the Jianchuan Jiedu Envoy.
(5) Southwest livestock area.
It is mainly located in the Lancang River and Nujiang River Basin, and later included Tengchong, Baoshan and other places. It was actually a very developed place in Nanzhao. Yongchang Jiedushi was established, and both farming and animal husbandry were available. The proportion of animal husbandry was larger, but the area of the mountain plains was quite large.
It is not small, it is the main horse-producing area in Nanzhao, and the main residents are Ailao Yi.
"The land is suitable for cows, which are larger than other places. The horns of cows are four feet long. Women only like cheese, which is fat and white, and they like to travel."
"The horses come out of the area east of Yuefengchuan. The hills are facing west. The terrain gradually drops. The first rise and fall is like a border. There are springs and beautiful grass, which is suitable for horses. They are like lambs when they are born. A year later, Newsha is tied with a round head.
Feed rice porridge juice within three years. It will be slightly older in four or five years, and it will be mature in six or seven years. It has a high tail and is especially good at galloping. It can run hundreds of miles in a day. This breed has many gallops, so it is called Yue Cong in the old world."
"They all wear green cloth trousers, with vines wrapped around their waists, and red silk cloth wrapped in buns, with the rest hanging down their backs as decorations. The women wear five-color sala cages, and peacocks nest in other people's trees. The elephants are as big as buffaloes, and the local custom raises elephants to plow the fields.
, and still burn his dung.”
Let's talk about it one by one. It is certain that the local environment is very suitable for animal husbandry, because cheese is its important food, it can also weave cloth, and its level of civilization is not low.
As for using elephants to plow fields, I’m honestly shocked! Does anyone know? Is this really possible?
(6) Frontier gathering and hunting areas.
There’s not much to say about this. It mainly refers to the southern border areas of Yinsheng and Lishui towns and Tonghai Dudu Mansion. There are all kinds of people, mostly savage tribes.
To sum up, Nanzhao was actually a quite civilized country, and its upper class wrote Tang poetry at a very high level, such as Duan Yizong.
Zheng Renmin's younger brother went to Guangzhou and started to write poems and poems, and he actually beat all the opponents in Guangzhou - he may not have met a master, but the cultural level of the upper class in Nanzhao must be very good, it should be no worse than Wu Guan, or even better.
The population of Nanzhao has always been a mystery, because Nanzhao itself has not kept statistics.
The 109,300 households mentioned in this chapter mainly refer to the Dali area, including Baiman (the main body), Wuman and even a few barbarian Han people.
This population cannot be said to be small.
As for the population of other areas, I'm sorry, I don't know. The 109,300 households is the only exact data I found. I originally estimated the population of Nanzhao to be over 1 million, but now it seems a bit conservative, maybe 2 million, or even
More. Even after the large-scale war in the later period of Nanzhao, it is estimated that the number is still between 1 million and 2 million, closer to 2 million.
In the development history of Yunnan, it reached a peak in the Qin and Han dynasties, declined in the Wei and Jin dynasties, and then "revived" again in the Nanzhao and Dali dynasties. The population of Dali in the later period is very likely to reach 3 million.
After the Yuan Dynasty destroyed Dali, it should have entered a period of low ebb.
After the Ming Dynasty captured Yunnan, it fell into the bottom due to various policies. However, with the entry of a large number of immigrants, new development began.
It is such a tortuous development process.
Because of my "paranoia" and trying to "teach" readers, I will give a "simple" introduction to facilitate everyone's understanding...
Well, the introduction this time is relatively simple and much easier to understand than the chapter "The Happy Year of the Fire Sheep..." in "Gaochang Uighur Lineage".