As we all know, changes in where people live will lead to changes in their living habits.
The first thing to change is the clothing, then the language, and finally the eating habits. This is perfectly confirmed in Lingzhou.
The Tibetan people who migrated here first took off their furs and then changed their hair accessories. In their daily interactions with the people around them, they slowly learned Mandarin with the characteristics of the northwest dialect. Over time, even their eating habits changed.
The main food is Hu cakes, steamed cakes, soup cakes and corn rice.
But we all know that assimilation also involves acculturation, and some stubborn living habits are not so easy to change. Maybe they will not be able to become a complete Tang person in this life, and will slowly lose their own identity in the next generation.
cultural characteristics.
A new group of people arrived today, mainly Hebei Dangxiang from Feng Sheng Erzhou.
The eight counties of Lingzhou suffered a heavy "blood loss" in terms of population. The large-scale migration of family members of the Tielin and Wuwei armies caused a loss of 100,000 people to Lingzhou.
Last year, more than 20,000 troops from the Chishui, Wuxing, and Guzhen armies were relocated to Jinjiang, which also caused a loss of 100,000 people.
Once these five armies left, Lingxia lost more than 200,000 people with the most consumer power, and the damage to the local economy was simply devastating.
Although the shogunate urgently took measures to remedy the situation, it sent 5,000 families of rebel soldiers from Hezhongfu to Shengzhou, and then sent 20,000 to 30,000 to 30,000 people from the purges of Jin, Jiang, and Puzhous to Feng and Sheng, and about 10,000 households were sent to Hengzhou.
Xiang Dangxiang started to organize households and all the people, so he was prosperous and won the two states. In terms of population, the loss was not big, basically the same. From an economic point of view, the loss was still very big. After all, it was the rich who left.
It's the poor.
Lingzhou suffered a big loss...
They recruited some Hebao Dangxiang from Feng Sheng to settle there. Because Lingzhou had good conditions and Hebao Dangxiang was a farmer and had always been docile, they attracted more than 3,000 households. In addition, they also attracted some Tatars from Shaqi
There are tribes such as Tartar, Uighur, Sogdian, Tuyuhun, and Dangxiang, totaling more than a thousand households.
After such operations, the population of Lingzhou has dropped significantly. It is now less than 300,000, with only about 55,000 and more than 290,000 people. And similar to Feng and Sheng, those who have a lot of wealth leave, but a lot of hardships come. Haha
.
The three states of Ling, Sheng and Feng feel hollowed out.
At this time, there were more than 242,300 households in the 60 counties in the 15 prefectures and 60 counties in northern Guanhai, and more than 1,228,800 people with registered households. There was also a large loss of Tibetan people without registered households. At this time
There are probably only more than 300,000, less than 400,000.
In other words, there were about 1.6 million Tibetan and Han people in the "Xia Kingdom" at this time. The king Shao Shude did a bit shabby, but not bad. Dong Chang dared to proclaim himself emperor in those states in eastern Zhejiang.
Qianjinyi rushed Li Si to Fangshi. He planned to see if the beef cattle here were cheaper than in the countryside.
Huaiyuanfang City is much weaker than it was in its heyday.
The first thing that is lacking is people, followed by goods, which will eventually be reflected in commercial tax collections such as money removal.
In order to stimulate trading, a bull market has recently opened next to the market, and trading is quite hot.
By the way, a large number of beef cattle have entered the market in Lingzhou in recent years. Especially this year, a large number of sergeant families have moved away, and many people are eager to sell their livestock for money.
Coupled with the explosive growth in the number of beef cattle raised under the prevalence of the three-lot system, the market is flooded with beef cattle of various ages and sizes.
There is no doubt that the price has plummeted. Now it has dropped below 2,000 yuan, and the price of sheep has also dropped, leaving the Tibetan people who came with large groups of livestock to sell dumbfounded.
"This cow..." Outside the gate of Fangshi, Li Si blinked his eyes, looked at the skinny beef cows, and asked with some surprise: "Where did it come from?"
"Shaqi." The Tibetan man in braided hair and fur clothes replied worriedly.
He came to Lingzhou cattle market for the first time to do business. He brought hundreds of beef cattle with him. He was very interested and planned to exchange them for daily necessities and take them back to the grassland to make another fortune.
But when he entered the bull market, he was hit hard.
The city magistrate looked at his skinny beef cattle and arranged them directly into a temporary fence outside Fangshi. This place was jokingly called the "lean meat market".
"Didn't you go to the fattening place?"
"What is a fattening ground?"
"Weicai's pasture. Cattle from the grassland usually arrive there several months in advance and are fed for a whole summer. By autumn they are fat and strong enough to be sold."
The Shaqifan people didn't expect that there was such a way, and they were a little dumbfounded.
Li Si gave him a sympathetic look and entered the gate of Fangshi.
This is what happens when transporting livestock over long distances these days. Even if the cattle are supplied with hay along the way for a month, they will become skinny and boneless when they arrive at the field, and the fat in their stomachs will be completely used up. They must be fed for three months before they can recover.
Come.
The same goes for cattle, camels, sheep, and horses. The war horses that have just finished the battle are absolutely useless. They must be fed with concentrated feed for several months to recover before they can be ridden into battle.
Every time livestock migrates long distances, they have to negotiate with people in advance about the supply of hay and grain on the way. After arriving at the field, there must be pasture for "fattening". The Wecai family controls more than one such "fattening pasture", and many of them have
They made a lot of money. They didn't even have to go to the livestock business in person, they could just sit on the ground and collect the money.
A pasture will generally only supply one family, after all, the amount of pasture is limited.
The Weicai family's pasture is very popular, and only they know how much they earn every year. But judging from their daily lives, they are definitely wealthy families: they have built a mansion in Lingzhou, live a luxurious life, and have hordes of slaves.
But no one has taken any chances with them, because more than one legitimate daughter in the family is often sent to serve the King of Xia, and the backers are very powerful. In recent years, a lot of money has been spent on training the children of the clan to practice martial arts and study, and one after another the descendants have been sent to
Serve in the army, or find a way to study Confucian classics.
Merchants who sell sheep to Guanzhong will usually pass through the Hengshan pastures of the Mu Zang family and the Yeli family. They can also sit on the ground to collect money and share the profits.
These Qiang and Hu nobles have completely changed from when the King of Xia first came to control Xiazhou. In terms of family background, there are few who can compare with them even in the Han Dynasty.
Therefore, they sincerely supported King Xia. On the grassland and in the Hengshan Mountains, whoever wanted to rebel would be killed first - their heads were made into wine vessels, which was very barbaric, but very intimidating.
After Li Si entered the cattle market, all he saw were fat and strong beef cattle. Needless to say, they were all local cattle.
Li Si has lived in Lingxia for many years, and now he has understood the fact that once livestock is raised in a place where food is grown, the grassland is completely incomparable.
This mainly refers to quantity.
The advantage of grassland livestock is that it is cheap. The grass is grown by oneself, rather than planted by oneself like Lingzhou. Moreover, grassland people are generally poor, so if they are willing to sell at a low price, there is still a market.
I looked at a few beef cattle at random, and most of them cost less than 2,000 yuan. It was said to be very cheap, but after thinking about it, Li Si became a little greedy and wanted to see if there were any cheaper ones.
If that doesn't work, go to the lean cattle market and haggle with those people, maybe you can get a price that surprises him.
"Li Si, I see you've been wandering around here for a long time and haven't bought anything. What's the point?" A loud and loud voice sounded from behind, and everyone in the market looked over.
"It turns out to be Deputy Lu." Li Si turned around and looked overjoyed. He used to be a soldier in the army, but when he got older, he retired and became a city commander in the cattle market.
A city generally has one city magistrate, two city assistants, two historians, and one city commander, which may increase or decrease depending on the size.
The city commander is the biggest, and everyone is his subordinate. The city commander is responsible for maintaining order in the city. He usually has about twenty rural warriors serving as corvees, equipped with swords and guns.
The city commander's monthly salary is thousands of dollars, which is not as good as when he was in the army, but the income is still satisfactory.
"Don't call the team deputy again." The city commander waved his hand and said with a smile: "What, you want to buy a cow?"
"Of course I want to buy cattle." Li Si replied: "There have been a lot of Hu merchants staying in Qianjinyi recently. These people are generous and like to eat beef, so I want to buy two."
"Follow me." The city commander waved, asking Li Si to follow.
Li Si's heart moved and he followed.
"This is Fan Erlang. His family happens to have two cows for sale. One cow costs 1,800 yuan, which is very cheap." The city magistrate directly led Li Si to a person and said.
Li Si looked carefully at Fan Erlang's cow. It was a bit old and he was afraid that it would have to be pulled out and sold at the end of its lifespan.
Generally speaking, he is not willing to buy these old cattle that may have lived for ten years. However, he does not know the relationship between Fan Erlang and the city magistrate. The deputy captain Lu of the city magistrate is also a former military commander, which is really embarrassing.
I didn’t want to save my face, so I decided to buy these two cows.
Fan Erlang observed the words and expressions and felt very happy.
Two cows cost 3,600 yuan, so this year’s taxes should come out a lot.
Last time I heard a scholar tell me that during the prosperity of the country, an ordinary household paid three bushels of dendrobium millet, less than three bolts of silk, and 250 copper coins a year, which was more than three thousand coins.
After the hard times, the taxes kept rising. There were wars and exploitation everywhere. The annual household tax, local tax, young crops money, tax collection, etc. added up to more than 8,000 yuan.
appearance.
Now that Marshal Shao is fighting in another town, the tax collected from Shuofang Town is less, because if he collects too much, he may not be able to transport it. But no matter how light the tax is, seven thousand yuan is still needed.
If a farmer who implements the three-crop rotation system raises twenty cows, he can sell two old cows a year, worth 3,500-4,000 yuan. If he adds eight or nine husks of wheat, it will almost be enough to pay taxes for a year.
Forty acres of grain fields harvest more than 40 bushels of wheat and 20 bushels of beans a year. A family of five will eat 20 to 30 bushels of wheat a year if they have two meals a day. If they have three meals a day, they will eat
Thirty-seven or eight hu of dendrobium.
After deducting taxes, millet and wheat are almost enough to eat, and the remaining 20 hu of grains and beans can be sold. There are other places where money is spent at home, such as clothing, farm tools, household items, etc. 20 hu of miscellaneous grains are definitely enough.
, there is even a lot left.
There are also 18 cows, most of which are dairy cows. They produce milk every year, and there is still a lot of it. This is also money. It can be made into cakes and cheese. If you are very hungry after eating it, you can eat less food. If the milk production increases again,
The days can be unimaginably prosperous.
Unknowingly, from more than ten years ago, people had to rely on bran vegetables and fruits to satisfy their hunger every year to survive the most difficult period. Now, they can have a lot of milk and grain left in a year. For this reason, they are sold in large quantities on the market in exchange for money.
Then repair or even rebuild the house.
The changes in more than ten years are really huge!
Today’s Lingxia land——
The tribal chief was very satisfied and offered his daughters to serve Marshal Shao and his sons to serve in the army to maintain his power and wealth.
The people in the household were very satisfied. After paying the taxes, they had a lot of surplus food and began to improve their housing needs. Depending on their family conditions, if they lived frugally, they could support a child to practice martial arts and gain further possibilities for the family.
The workers in the city are very satisfied. Some wealthy families hire servants. If you are diligent enough and have a good reputation in the dental industry, "the salary can be as high as 500 yuan", including food and accommodation, which is 500 yuan a month, six months a year.
For one thousand coins, you can buy 15-20 hushu of wheat.
Not to mention the sergeants, no matter which vassal or town in the world, no matter how miserable the people are, the sergeants cannot suffer.
This "Xia Kingdom" has indeed become somewhat prosperous.
But the experience of Xia State can be done in Lingxia, Helong, and even Heyang, Henan Prefecture, Ruzhou and other places, but it is difficult in other places. It is difficult to do it with just 60 acres of land for one household.
There are only a few acres or more than ten acres in the south of the Yangtze River, and they are paddy fields that are intensively cultivated. Experience cannot be copied, and we will have to find ways in the future.
But no matter what, with the adoption of advanced agricultural production methods, it is possible to greatly increase the output of grain, meat, milk, skin, and wool in the northern region. If the grassland economy is integrated, it can even be achieved, and everyone's life will be improved.
It can be improved if the war is ended and a unified policy is implemented as soon as possible.