Zhu Yuanzhang is already sixty-five years old this year.
At this age, the thing he was most worried about was that the entire Ming Empire had no successor.
Choosing Zhu Yunwen before was called a helpless move, and he was considered a shorter person and taller person.
Even the fourth brother Zhu Di who he liked before was actually not in line with Zhu Yuanzhang's wishes.
After Zhu Ying appeared, the original Zhu Yuanzhang was more influenced by personal emotions, rather than how powerful Zhu Ying was to inherit the throne.
But today, now, it's completely different.
The suggestion of separation of military and political affairs is completely based on the thoughts of the Ming Dynasty for generations.
The most important thing is Dasun’s layout, which is simply shocking. If it were someone else, Zhu Yuanzhang’s first idea was to kill him first.
From the early layout of Annan to the current control of Goryeo, ordinary people will feel that such behaviors are like stories of gods and ghosts when they hear them.
Such a grandson can only be promoted and more than enough to be in charge of the Ming Dynasty.
What else does Zhu Yuanzhang have to regret?
"Grandpa, don't cry." Zhu Ying looked at the old man who was laughing wildly at first and suddenly burst into tears, and quickly got up and comforted him.
"We're happy."
Zhu Yuanzhang waved his sleeves and wiped the corners of his eyes. His mood fluctuated a little violently. Zhu Ying gently patted his back and finally calmed down after a while.
"I'm old and I can't control myself."
Zhu Yuanzhang said with some emotion.
He is also a irritable temper, and his sons are very similar in these aspects.
Especially when it comes to big girls, big grandsons, and sons, this is even more and more the case.
"Da Sun, find some time, you should go and see your father. I have been back to the capital for so long, and I have never seen your father before." Zhu Yuanzhang sighed slightly and said to Zhu Ying.
"Listen to grandpa's arrangements." Zhu Ying whispered.
Zhu Ying's feelings for her father she had never met were a bit complicated, but she had passed away and there was no possibility of communication.
Zhu Yuanzhang felt a little sad when he heard Dasun's words, but his emotions were not so fluctuating.
After all, there is still a grandson here now, so it is not lonely and helpless.
No matter how many descendants are, the only two people call me grandpa and dad are now the only ones.
Zhu Yuanzhang didn't care about other descendants, but he always felt that there was a layer of diaphragm, especially now that he was old, and every time he heard about his father and grandfather.
With the word "王", Zhu Yuanzhang always feels a little harsh and uncomfortable.
"Da Sun, do you have any other questions about reviewing memorials?" Zhu Yuanzhang asked casually.
However, in Zhu Yuanzhang's opinion, Dasun had already realized the point of separation between military and political affairs, and it must have reached its limit.
The last question is a bit like a process.
However, Zhu Ying just hesitated for a moment and said, "Grandpa, there is actually another aspect, and my grandson noticed it."
Zhu Ying hesitated, but felt that she was talking about a lot today, and she would feel indigestion when she said it all at once.
However, seeing the sadness on the old man's face, he decided to say it, at least it could divert grandpa's attention.
Moreover, the problem he wants to talk about is also the foundation of internal affairs and a very big impact on all the Ming Dynasty systems.
Just like Shang Yang's reforms, it was actually imminent. The earlier it was, the more beneficial it would be to the Ming Dynasty.
Zhu Yuanzhang was stunned for a moment, and he asked casually, but he didn't expect that Dasun really had other ideas.
So he asked, "What is it about."
Zhu Ying replied: "It's about internal affairs."
Hearing this, Zhu Yuanzhang was already a little depressed and immediately became energetic.
In Zhu Yuanzhang's view, his grandson had unique insights into many strategies for governing the country.
Especially the last time that labor-for-relief.
The strategy of using labor for relief has now begun to be implemented in most places in the Ming Dynasty.
Because of Dasun’s last warning, even though the ministers in the court wanted to promote the country, they were still stopped by Zhu Yuanzhang.
In the mouth of Dasun, if you cannot have familiar experience and a complete budget plan, once it is promoted nationwide, it will easily lead to corruption.
The implementation of labor-for-relief requires special approval from Zhu Yuanzhang, mainly targeting areas that encounter famine.
At present, the effect is beyond imagination.
There are many kinds of famines in the Ming Dynasty now. Once a disaster occurs, it will take seven or eight days or even more than ten days to report to the capital from the disaster area.
Then the capital issued an order to start transferring grain from the surrounding areas of the disaster area for disaster relief.
It also involves the mobilization of the army. After all, in order to prevent accidents, disaster relief food is generally escorted by the army.
Moreover, the hungry and crazy victims were not suppressed by the army, so they might not cause any trouble.
The process from raising grain to disaster relief, or the time when disaster grain is distributed to the victims, it starts at least in a month.
It is difficult for the victims to hold on until this time, and it is impossible for them to stay in the disaster area and wait for death.
Therefore, the victims in the disaster area will carry out self-salvation and go directly to the direction of the capital in groups, and along the way, the governments of various regions will carry out certain rescues.
The rescue along the road was mainly due to the government's efforts, such as the gentry, nobles and landlords, and there was no such thing as the one who had stored food.
Like in later films and TV shows, it is basically impossible to have porridge.
Generally, there are never fewer maids and servants in wealthy families, and they can’t even take care of themselves and even give alms to others.
It is simply a fantasy to do such a thing.
At most, it means something when the government calls for donating grain.
Moreover, the number of victims is not something that a few wealthy families can handle.
Even when the victims passed by the city, they would always serve porridge outside the city and were strictly prohibited from entering the city.
However, after the labor-for-relief was released, these gentry, nobles, landlords and wealthy families began to become proactive, and sometimes even fought hard to compete for quotas.
In such an atmosphere, Xiaobo's three or four cities were absorbed.
The huge wave of disaster victims also passed by at most a dozen cities, and it was almost done.
It would not be the same as usual, and tens of thousands or even more than one hundred thousand victims gathered outside the capital.
"What do Dasun have to do with his bold words?" Zhu Yuanzhang said with some anticipation.
Zhu Yuanzhang always felt that something that was very troublesome to him suddenly became simple when he arrived at Dasun.
The famine in the Ming Dynasty harmed many people, which can almost be said to be the root of the turmoil. However, after Dasun’s strategy, Zhu Yuanzhang has not seen any urgent memorials of disasters recently.
It’s not that the famine has decreased, but that the victims have been absorbed by the surrounding cities before they have begun to gather.
The victims who were once disliked have suddenly felt a hot topic.
Because once the disaster breaks out, labor-for-relief will definitely survive, and many gentry and nobles want to take this opportunity to make a fortune.
If the grain is kept in the cellar for a long time, it will become worthless.
No matter how severe the famine is, the gentry and nobles will not worry about food and clothing, and of course they can make any profit.
Zhu Ying organized a language in her heart and said:
"When my grandson checked the memorial, he found a very serious problem, that is, most local officials have no experience in becoming officials."
"And when Guo Zhong told me about the situation of these officials, I found that the situation of these officials' appointments was very chaotic."
When Zhu Yuanzhang heard this, he frowned and asked, "What does the chaos that Dasun mean?"
Zhu Ying said: "For example, when an official first became an official, he first worked in the Ministry of Revenue. After three years of work, he went to the Ministry of Personnel. In another three years, he might go to the Ministry of Works again.
”
When Zhu Yuanzhang heard this, his brows frowned even deeper because he did not find out what Dasun was talking about, and he even felt a little unhappy.
"Da Sun means that we have transferred these officials too frequently?"
In fact, in the past, many officials worked in one place for relatively long time, but in order to prevent corruption or formation of cliques and private affairs, Zhu Yuanzhang did not.
Generally speaking, every few years, officials will be transferred. The higher the rank, the more frequently they will be transferred.
Especially the Six Ministers, they will change every time in almost two to three years.
This is how Zhu Yuanzhang used this to gather the rights in his hands and obtain the effect of centralization.
When Zhu Ying heard this, she also noticed the old man's impatient tone, but she did not take it to heart, but continued:
"Old man, an official, what books do he need to read from the beginning of his official career?"
Zhu Yuanzhang replied: "Of course, the Four Books and Five Classics."
At present, the Ming Dynasty used eight essays to select scholars. The imperial examination was only allowed to set questions within the scope of the "Four Books" and "Five Classics". The candidates cannot play freely. The answers must be carried out in eight consecutive parts and must not be violated. This form of article is called "eight essays".
arts".
After Zhu Yuanzhang won the world, his purpose was to build a feudal empire again and strengthen centralization.
However, capitalism had already begun at that time, and commerce and market had developed to a large extent, which was an impact on the feudal economy.
The thoughts and various "heretics" that emerged were also an impact on the feudal ideological system.
In other words, the students who took the imperial examination are no longer satisfied with the thoughts of the previous generations. They wrote new content in the exam-taking articles, which not only contained the thoughts of the scholars, but also added the two religions of Buddhism and Taoism.
Viewpoint.
The exam-taking articles are actually rebellious, mixed with novel and intriguing theories. In Zhu Yuanzhang's view, how can this be done?
In order to force the students at that time to obey the false Confucius and Mencius, stop heresy, and thus consolidate feudal autocracy, it is necessary to strengthen the indoctrination of Confucian classics and re-introduce people's thoughts on the track of official thoughts.
To achieve this goal, the best way is naturally to strictly stipulate the imperial examinations from the content to the form, so Zhu Yuanzhang stipulated.
The imperial examination must take the Confucian classic "Four Books" compiled by Zhu Xi as the standard answer, and the article must be in the form of eight-legged essays.
In this way, scholars no longer need to have their own independent thoughts or their own independent thoughts, otherwise they will not be able to pass the imperial examination.
This is the true test-oriented education in the Ming Dynasty.
So when Zhu Ying mentioned this, Zhu Yuanzhang felt very uncomfortable, and even twisted his body slightly to forcefully suppress his irritable emotions.
After all, the eldest grandson standing in front of him was still the eldest grandson who had not seen him for ten years and finally met again.
Or, Zhu Yuanzhang now doesn't know how to vent his anger at Dasun.
If he had changed his eldest son Zhu Biao, he would probably have already picked up the guy and chased him and beat him.
Zhu Ying also sensed the old man's abnormality, but he still chose to continue asking:
"Grandpa also came out of the poor people, and should know one, for example, how long does it take to become a blacksmith master?"
Zhu Ying turned around and said.
Why couldn't Zhu Yuanzhang hear what Da Sun said, but he replied: "It's normal to say at least three or five years, seven or eight years."
Zhu Ying nodded and asked again: "So why did the old man think that if a student has passed the exam and became an official, how could he have the experience of becoming an official?"
When he arrived here, Zhu Yuanzhang gradually calmed down, as if he felt the meaning of the grandson, and said in a slight contemplation:
"Once there is an old man who leads new people, an official starts with an auxiliary position. After having a familiar experience, he passes the school exam and then becomes the chief official."
Zhu Ying nodded. Speaking of this, the key is almost the same.
He asked again: "The Ministry of Households is in charge of land, taxes, household registration, military supplies, salary, food and wages, and national treasury."
"The Ministry of Personnel is responsible for the appointment and removal of officials, examinations, promotions and transfers."
"The Ministry of War is in charge of the selection of military officers and military ranks, military ordinances, military orders, etc.."
"Any one of the six departments, an official who has never been in contact with, must be familiar with the upper and lower levels. It will take at least several years, just an apprentice."
"When this apprentice has just had some experience, you have to study in another place. If a talented person is not much, there is no need to say much, but how can so many talented persons come from?"
"Even some well-behaved officials have only one thing that requires a lifetime to study how to better display their talents."
"Grandpa once read "The Oil Selling Man" where Ouyang Xiu of the Song Dynasty. There is nothing else, but you can only do it."
Zhu Yuanzhang stretched his eyebrows and asked, "Da Sun means that officials should be transferred to their positions. For example, officials from the Ministry of Revenue will be transferred to the Ministry of Revenue, and the Ministry of Personnel will be transferred to the Ministry of Personnel."
"Is this what officials can learn better?"
Zhu Yuanzhang actually considered this issue, so when it comes to the appointment and removal of officials, most of the officials were in the original department, and only some great talents were there.
For example, the position of Shangshu is mainly based on the position of management officials, and will be transferred and will not affect the department's study.
In Zhu Yuanzhang's view, the problem of Dasun was obviously caused by not being familiar with the court.
However, Zhu Ying shook her head and said:
"Of course, it's not. The grandson's meaning is to choose a new path to fame and fortune in addition to the eight-part examination of the imperial examination. The books students read are not limited to the Four Books and Five Classics, but are compiled separately."
In Zhu Ying's opinion, it is a process that must be gone through to cancel the eight-legged essays, or to suppress the eight-legged essays.
The Ming Dynasty that Zhu Ying wanted to build was a Ming Dynasty that was opened by the wisdom of the people.
The eight-legged essays' restrictions on thoughts were too great, and later it was useless and the scholar's words appeared.
If I had known that the scholar had been once, I would not be a person without any help.
The so-called six arts of gentlemen are inevitable for every scholar to learn martial arts.
For example, the saint Confucius, who is 1.86 meters tall, is probably more powerful than Xiang Yu.
After all, Xiang Yu, who was holding the tripod, had only 350 kilograms of that tripod.
Confucius held up the city gate. According to the situation at the Spring and Autumn Period, the lightest city gate was facing up by 400 kilograms.
Even Zhuge Kongming was the most famous military advisor in the Three Kingdoms.
Not to mention the fact that his personal force is worth more, there is no problem in talking about the fact that he is fighting four or five big men alone.
Today, the West has begun a Renaissance and an open-minded movement.
If Zhu Ying wants to lay the foundation for the Ming Dynasty to enter the industrial era, he must liberate his mind and let more thinking collide with strong sparks.
The most important thing is to improve the status of craftsmen.
If you want to carry out this subsequent series of actions, the first thing you need is a large number of talents.
This is why Zhu Ying’s first idea was to go to Annan after realizing his life experience.