Chapter 64 of T-shaped Volume: groundbreaking and thought-provoking
"Some people may say, is there any bank and money shop that can lend them money? A shipyard can't spend three to five hundred taels of silver, and even a few thousand taels may not be able to do so, let alone a bank and money shop.
There has never been such a business."
Feng Ziying continued to ask and answer questions: "The lower official's opinion is that the imperial household department should take the lead in setting up such a bank, absorb wealthy businessmen and gentry from all over the country to take shares, and then use the shares to make loans..."
Feng Ziying's words stirred up a storm in the palace again. This time, even with Zhang Huaichang's power, he could not silence all the officials.
Even the elder Li Tingji couldn't help but said in a deep voice: "Ziying, isn't this inappropriate? How unbecoming is it for the imperial court to take charge of lending? Isn't the imperial court just like those profiteers who lend money? Isn't this right?
It is no longer about people fighting for profit, but pure profit-seeking, which is the greatest damage to the prestige of the imperial court! This case must not be allowed!"
Li Tingji's views won the support of the vast majority of officials in the palace, and all the officials raised objections one after another.
It is really shocking for the imperial court to set up a bank and then lend money. Moreover, unlike the Western concept, the Eastern imperial court cannot compete with the people for profit.
Not only are moneylenders despised among businessmen, but of course this has a lot to do with the fact that the interest rates charged by moneylenders are too high.
For example, the Dazhou Law stipulates that the monthly interest on a loan shall not exceed three points, and if it exceeds three points, it will be punished. At the same time, the interest on a loan shall not exceed the principal, but in fact, in private lending, even large loans between relatives and friends are never allowed.
Below two points, three points are the most common, and more than three points are common.
Such high interest rates also make merchants extremely cautious when borrowing money. If they are not careful, they can fall into debt.
Feng Ziying also realized that it would be difficult to change these people's views at once, but he had to put forward this opinion and let these people have such an awareness. As for setting up such a bank to support him, he had no idea
I hope the court will let go soon.
"Master Li, maybe you have misunderstood Xianguan's thoughts. Xianguan has said before that the establishment of banks and lending is to support the development of these businesses. For example, the shipbuilding industry itself has huge investment, and ordinary merchants will definitely not be willing to leave the business they are most familiar with.
Because the unpredictable risks are too great for the development of local areas in unfamiliar places, in order to alleviate their worries, they must provide support from many aspects. This kind of loan support is just one aspect, and banks are not lending for that purpose.
Erliqian,..."
Feng Ziying explained calmly, but it was obviously difficult to convince people.
"Ziying, if the court uses this method to support, wouldn't it be the same as the court directly sending money to these merchants?" Li Tingji shook his head, his eyes gloomy, "This is different from what you originally said.
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"If the Ministry of Household Affairs of the imperial court is unwilling to invest, it doesn't matter. It only needs to be expressed by the imperial court that it will support the development of these industries and encourage and support private merchants to establish such a bank to support this type of bank, which will be of great benefit to the national economy and people's livelihood.
I think it can still be done to make a living in the industry. Of course, for such a bank, the court must have relevant policy support..."
Li Tingji was not easy to fool, so he immediately asked: "Ziying, you are a little vague about the support of the imperial court. How to support it specifically? Why don't you use money from the Ministry of Household Affairs to make up for it?"
Feng Ziying smiled bitterly, "Of course not. If Mr. Li wants to ask for specific details, I can also talk about it..."
Li Tingji glanced at Ye Xianggao, and then saluted Emperor Yonglong, "Your Majesty, I thought that since it was a court meeting, I might as well clarify many matters one by one, so as not to have anyone in the court doubt whether it was the case in the future.
Someone is teaching and receiving privately behind the scenes. If it is possible, the meeting can be confirmed today. If not, then we must make it clear to avoid all kinds of rumors in the future..."
It was obvious that Li Tingji had received some instructions and was unwilling to let this issue go easily.
To be precise, both Ye Fang and Ye Fang were worried about Zheng Jizhi, the Minister of Household Affairs, and were worried that this guy would make deals with northern scholars such as Emperor Yonglong and Qi Yongtai.
Zheng Jizhi himself is a scholar from the North, and he is already old. He can become an official long ago. If this guy thinks that he will become an official anyway, he must contribute to the north at this time and use the power held by the Ministry of Revenue at all costs.
If you support it to the extreme, you will really create a hole for the imperial court in the future.
Emperor Yonglong thought for a while and finally said: "Ziying, just tell me."
Feng Ziying glanced at Li Tingji. Although Li Tingji had a good impression of him, he could not give in easily on such matters. Feng Ziying also found it interesting and nodded, "My intention is that if the imperial court can allow the Ministry of Household Affairs to
Opening an account with this bank and depositing the household silver in this bank should be the greatest support for this bank."
One stone stirred up a thousand waves, placing the household account, that is, the treasury account of the Great Zhou Dynasty, in this bank? How can that be done?! This Feng Ziying is so crazy?!
There was an uproar in the palace, but Feng Ziying didn't care. He knew that it would definitely cause huge controversy, doubts and even opposition.
If your court doesn't invest in it, it will be difficult to gain enough credibility. It will be much more difficult to set up such a bank. Of course, Feng Ziying has to make demands.
"Ziying, I'm afraid you've gone too far, right?" Fang Congzhe couldn't help it, "If the Ministry of Household Bank's banknotes are deposited in this bank, according to your idea, they will be used to lend to support so-called things that are beneficial to the national economy and people's livelihood.
If the Ministry of Household Affairs is in urgent need of silver, what should we do?"
"Master Fang, of course the bank I hope to set up is not just as simple as lending, but also has the problem of reserve funds for deposits and loans. In fact, the bank deposits in the bank are more of a reserve fund.
This kind of backup guarantee is to ensure that in special periods, the bank will not have problems with its payment and lose its credibility. This is more complicated..."
You know that it is difficult to explain the basic profit model of modern banks to these people who lack modern financial knowledge, but if you don't explain it clearly to them, they will never understand the mystery.
In fact, in the West, this kind of bank that exchanged deposits and loans had already taken shape in the 12th century, and Italy had a bank with real commercial significance more than 20 years ago.
But in the Great Zhou Dynasty, those money shops and banks were still closely connected with pawnshops, basically focusing on pawning, and the business of exchanging and collecting handling fees did not appear for many years, and was still in a slow and stagnant bud.
state, and even suffered a lot of resistance and distrust.
This can be seen from the Xue family's pawn shop's attitude towards this kind of money shop and bank plan.
"..., let me give you an example. For example, the shareholders of Yinzhuang invest one million taels, then this one million taels is the share capital. In addition, for example, the account department deposits 300,000 taels. Well, some others are deposited for convenience.
Tongdui means merchants who do business deposit 700,000 taels sporadically, so the total is two million taels. Then we can theoretically lend one million taels, because this is actually the stock capital from shareholders, so there is no risk.
It will be taken away..."
"..., but in fact, the 300,000 taels of silver from the Ministry of Household Affairs may not be used for a year, or it may be necessary to withdraw 200,000 taels or even all of it a month later because of the severe drought in Shanxi or floods in Jiangxi and the need for silver relief. At the same time,
The money deposited by these merchants was deposited in Yangzhou this month. Next month he may have to spend half of it in the capital to pay for the goods he purchased, or the next month he may have to purchase goods from outside the Great Wall in Datong.
The other half has to be paid for the horse skins..."
... In the same way, maybe after two months he sold the goods in Luoyang, recovered the payment, and continued to deposit. These countless merchants will always have a considerable amount of silver accumulated in this constant interlacing of time.
In the silver village, the cycle begins again and again, and the years go by..."
"...This part of silver taels seems to be constantly changing, but in fact if you do a careful calculation, you can basically determine a rough range. For example, out of one million taels, there may be five or six hundred thousand taels that are constantly being deposited and withdrawn.
, and the remaining hundreds of thousands of taels are accumulated in the bank, which can be used for lending... In addition, some pre-processing procedures can also be set up. For example, if you want to withdraw a large amount of silver, you must wait a period in advance.
We will notify you when the time comes so that Yinzhuang can prepare..."
It's convoluted, but easy to understand. Feng Ziying specifically emphasized the time difference and probability between access and access, which barely made these people understand the truth, but they all found it quite complicated and still uncertain.
Too big.
"But Ziying, if everyone comes to withdraw money at the same time, and you borrow all the money, how will you respond?" Fang Congzhe couldn't help but ask again.
"Master Fang, the probability of this is very small, or almost impossible unless there are special reasons. For example, there are a thousand businessmen depositing and withdrawing silver here. They come from the capital, Nanzhi, Shanxi, Huguang, Fujian, and even each other.
How can we come to withdraw money at the same time if we have no contact or acquaintance with each other?"
Feng Ziying explained patiently: "Unless it is a certain situation, such as the court thinks that there is a problem with the bank and wants to seal it down, this is why I hope that the account department can buy shares or open an account in the bank. This is quite
Yu lent part of the court's reputation to the bank, which enhanced the trust of merchants in it. Even if the Ministry of Accounts became its shareholder, personnel could be sent to supervise it to prevent it from abusing money or not following the original settings.
direction to carry out business,..."
Feng Ziying's words echoed in the hall, and also aroused the deep thinking of all the ministers in the hall.
This ground-breaking idea is actually not complicated. In a sense, it is just a layer of paper. You can understand it once you wear it, but it lacks the inspiration to wear it.
As for how to operate in detail, there are still many matters that need to be carefully considered.
