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Chapter 109 Harvest Expectations, Peter Prints Seven Big Money

The Ming Dynasty treasure banknotes issued during the Hongwu period of the Ming Dynasty used mulberry paper, while the Qing Dynasty treasure banknotes and Ministry of Household official bills issued in the Qing Dynasty used Koryo paper.

As the basis of banknotes, the unified characteristics of these banknote printing papers are that they are tough, thick and wear-resistant. Not only are they technically difficult to counterfeit, but the cost of paper will also deter counterfeiters to a certain extent.

Like the RMB, the paper raw material of the RMB is tissue paper, and the main component is cotton linters, which is mixed with 95% cotton linters and 5% wood pulp, while the Japanese yen uses Japan's unique Sanya pulp as raw material

, the paper produced is tough and smooth, and can be called a high-quality product.

But anti-counterfeiting is not only the material and texture, this is only the first threshold, and the second is the watermark.

Watermarks are produced simultaneously during the manufacturing process of paper. Due to human operations during papermaking, the density of pulp deposited in the watermark area is different, resulting in different graphic effects. Pick up a banknote with a watermark and hold it against the light.

You can see the specific graphics or text of the watermark part.

Peter knew that watermark technology was developed in the 13th century AD and was officially used in banknotes in the 17th century.

In 1665, the first modern banknote issued by Stockholm, Sweden, used the world's earliest watermark paper.

Therefore, this technology is not a problem for Peter. He only needs to ask Johanna for it, as she does not dare to hide her secrets.

The third level is the safety line.

The security thread is a technology of modern banknotes, but in order to make banknotes that cannot be imitated in the world, Peter is searching for everything and racking his brains.

In the production process of banknote printing paper, special metal wires or plastic wires of different colors, microprinted wires or fluorescent wires are embedded in specific positions, which is the security thread technology.

There are many shapes and types of security threads, and the technologies used are also different, but the ultimate goal is undoubtedly to make counterfeiting more difficult.

Peter knew that the first country in the world to use security thread technology on banknotes was the United Kingdom. In 1940, Stanley Chamberlain, general manager of the Bank of England Banknote Printing Plant, cooperated with Porter Company and used the "window security thread" for the first time in pounds.

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If the material selection of banknotes needs to be carefully determined, the watermark can be replaced with Swedish watermarks for the time being, and we can even see if it can be improved on the basis of Swedish watermarks.

Otherwise, it will be difficult for other countries to imitate, but Sweden will have one less difficulty.

But the safety line needs to be studied.

Then there is the issue of printing.

Since the Song Dynasty, the text and patterns on banknotes have been more sophisticated than ordinary printed matter.

Many ancient banknotes and banknotes have special secret marks printed on them, and the seals used also have special features that are difficult for counterfeiters to know. If counterfeiters want to imitate them, they will have to pay huge costs.

After the mid-Qing Dynasty, the banknotes issued by the government were first stamped by the provinces, then stamped by the states and counties, and finally stamped by the bank. The procedures were cumbersome and the layers of seals greatly increased the difficulty of counterfeiting.

Peter will undoubtedly learn from this.

Although the procedures are cumbersome, Russia now also has provinces, cities and counties. For the emperor, the cumbersome procedures are just a matter of words. There is no room for negotiation on matters as important as banknotes.

Peter couldn't help but smile when he thought of the counterfeiters who wanted to forge Russian banknotes and had to obtain the seals of various provinces, cities and counties.

In addition to seals, Peter also plans to use secret marking technology.

Because the secret marking technology used by banks in ancient times has also been carried forward on banknotes in later generations, "microtext" has been widely used by countries around the world.

Although it is not possible to make microtext now, it is still possible to make secret notes.

In addition, there is also steel plate engraving technology, which is now achievable as long as you look for craftsmen carefully.

Steel plate engraving technology is commonly known as gravure printing. The engraver carves graphics and text on the steel plate point by line, and then applies ink and prints it on the banknote paper.

Since the graphics engraved on the steel plate are not on a flat surface, the ink printed on the banknote paper from the concave part of the steel plate will overlap to a certain extent, forming a three-dimensional relief texture on the banknote.

There will be a strong concave and convex feeling when you touch the gravure printed part with your hand, which is a very distinctive anti-counterfeiting feature.

Steel plate engraving requires a lot of energy, financial resources and technology, and counterfeiters often cannot afford it. Therefore, gravure printing technology is a powerful barrier to counterfeiting.

A set of modern banknotes printed in the Qing Dynasty, the "Qing Dragon Banknotes", were printed by the Qing government who sent special personnel to learn the steel plate engraving techniques from American steel plate engraver Hae Qu.

Corresponding to gravure printing is relief printing.

As the name suggests, letterpress printing means that the printed text on the bottom plate is raised, just like the type used when printing books. This printing method can be used to print banknote numbers.

The combination of letterpress and intaglio increases the difficulty.

In addition to these factors, there is another way to defeat the counterfeiter.

It means that the printing plates for printing banknotes are replaced at regular intervals and the old ones are destroyed. At the same time, citizens are allowed to exchange old banknotes for new banknotes, so that the old banknotes will no longer be used.

This practice itself is a powerful anti-counterfeiting method. The counterfeiters worked hard to crack and master the technology of making banknotes. As a result, they are no longer circulating in the market. No one will be angry if they let go.

Then Peter summarized the super banknotes he wanted to create:

The government-specific paper has a flexible, waterproof, and wear-resistant texture. The Swedish watermark is to be improved. The concave and convex engraving plate of the seal steel plate from the center to the local area is updated. Counterfeiting is a serious crime or even the death penalty.

Peter believes that any of these will be a big difficulty for counterfeiters.

In fact, the ruble, like the renminbi and the US dollar, is made of cotton as its main raw material. It has a crisp sound when played by hand. Peter likes the banknotes of these countries, but there is one country that is unique.

Because only Japan has Sanya paper pulp, and the banknotes were yellow, Peter thought he could print a spiral-shaped soft object on them.

Peter felt that if things develop smoothly, Russia will inevitably embark on the road of competing with Britain and France for colonies, and then the vision can be turned into reality.

He said if it can circulate, it can circulate!

After all, the name on the 1,000 yen is Noguchi Hideyo. Noguchi Hideyo was a bacteriologist. Regardless of his achievements in bacteria, in 1911, he injected syphilis into 146 hospital patients, including children. Such a person

It can be regarded as a national treasure of Japan, and I believe that even a small country can accept it.

Then Peter went through it again. The special paper must be carefully selected. The first edition of the Swedish watermark can be used directly. The seal from the center to the place is not difficult, and the secret seal is not difficult. The concave and convex engraving of the steel plate requires talents with excellent skills.

It is still early for the version to be updated, and it is not difficult to establish penalties for the crime of counterfeiting.

To sum up, there are two points:

1. Selection of paper raw materials.

2. Find talents for steel plate concave and convex engraving.

Once these two points were accomplished, Russian banknotes appeared for the first time in the world.

After that, Peter can exchange the Russian paper for real money from abroad, which is not very exciting.

This chapter has been completed!
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