On the sixteenth day of the first lunar month of the tenth year of Wanli, the Portuguese envoys spent the Lantern Festival in Hangzhou, which was full of lights and flowers. They all took a boat north with dark circles and yawning. At this time, Hangzhou was one of the top big cities in the world -
—With a population of 2.91 million, where have these Portuguese country bumpkins seen such prosperity?
On the way out of Hangzhou, the Portuguese mission unexpectedly saw two groups of people beating gongs and drums and presenting a plaque with the words "Bright as water, clear as mirror" to the prefect's Yamen.
Ines complained again: "If all the judges in Lisbon can get such honors as the magistrates in Hangzhou, then..." However, he did not answer for a long time, but his envy was beyond words.
Since Matteo Ricci entered China, his ability has improved rapidly. He thought there must be something fishy, so he asked the interpreter who was familiar with Chinese in the mission to find out. The interpreter came back and said: "I heard them say that there was a man in the Ming Dynasty.
An extremely incorruptible justice, he will soon be stationed in this city. Therefore, the local magistrate here has recently concentrated on clearing up some cases."
Matteo Ricci spread his hands to Ines, indicating to him that this was the truth. Ines smiled and said: "Then please find a judge in Europe who can make the magistrate do this." Matteo Ricci was speechless.
Fan Li'an smiled and said: "My friends, everything we have seen has made me more curious about the young monarch of this empire. Let us leave quickly so that we can see him sooner."
...
The "extremely incorruptible judge" in the mouth of Hangzhou people is of course Hai Rui Haigangfeng.
After Hai Rui handled the Jiangnan Civil Rebellion in the third year of Wanli, he was promoted by the imperial court to the title of censor of the right capital of the Metropolitan Procuratorate. He also served as minister of Dali Temple in Nanjing and was responsible for establishing the imperial mobile court.
It should be said that this appointment is the best way to use Hai Rui. Because his ideas are too far ahead of the times, and he often "suppresses the rich and helps the poor" in his governance, resulting in that although he can win the hearts of the people, he is not able to win the hearts of the people when the gentry is the main body of rule.
In today's society, such political correctness is inconsistent with Zhu Yijun's reform goal of developing industry and commerce.
If he were given a noble and idle position, it would be a waste of his superb legal skills and reputation for being honest and self-reliant. Moreover, it would not be what Zhu Yijun wanted if Hai Rui became an opponent who always raised his opinions.
Therefore, in the third year of Wanli, an imperial edict was sent to Nanjing, asking Hai Rui to prepare the Circuit Court of the Ming Dynasty to be responsible for the final adjudication of cases in various places. The establishment of the Circuit Court was a leap forward in the legal history of the Ming Dynasty, and after receiving the appointment, Hai Rui became like a duck in water.
, finally in the last stage of his life, the most brilliant brilliance of his career burst out.
While preparing for the establishment of courts, editing cases, and improving court rules and regulations, Hai Rui spent at least half of his time each year traveling around the country to review cases. Because he clearly understood every detail and decided cases impartially, the name "Hai Qingtian" became increasingly popular throughout the Ming Dynasty.
Booksellers in Jiangnan who were able to seize business opportunities compiled Hai Rui's strange lawsuits over the past few years into stories and novels. Various versions of "Haigong Case" were sold at high prices. Theater troupes from all over the country followed suit and published Hai Qingtian's story.
The image on the stage further contributed to Hai Rui's already rising reputation. By the tenth year of Wanli, an interesting phenomenon occurred across the country: Hai Rui became a living legend existing in literary and artistic works.
But what ordinary people who read these literary works don't know is that the meaning of Hai Rui's existence is definitely not as simple as being a "Qingtian". Through the amplifier of the circuit court, he turned his integrity into a dose of penicillin, and injected it into the Ming Dynasty that had already begun.
A severely corrupted body.
Zhu Yijun chose Hai Rui, a strict and capable minister of Dali Temple, making the circuit court the most upright judicial institution in the Ming Dynasty with the fewest unjust, false and wrong cases. By the end of the ninth year of Wanli, one of the eight circuit courts had been established in each province of the Ming Dynasty.
In total, more than 6,800 unjust cases were corrected, more than 37,000 cases were settled, 1,430 typical cases were summarized and compiled, and the court was prompted to amend 150 specific provisions of the "Da Ming Code"
The remainder.
For the sake of checks and balances on judicial power, the emperor did not grant the circuit court the power to supervise officials in the process of correcting wrong cases. However, every time the circuit court corrects a wrong case, it must identify possible corruption clues in it according to the official's case.
Management authority is transferred to the two Kyoto Metropolitan Procuratorates or local prosecutors.
As for the clues transferred by the circuit court, the Metropolitan Procuratorate and the Prosecutor's Office must give the emperor an explanation, and the corresponding report must be transferred to the circuit court for signature. In this way, a complete closed loop will be formed in the case picketing work. In Hai Rui
Under his supervision, the demons and ghosts in each link of the closed loop were repeatedly eliminated.
Wherever the circuit courts went, a large number of unjust, false and wrong cases were corrected, and a series of corrupt officials related to them were brought to justice by the ensuing police officers.
The effect is very significant. Starting from the seventh year of Wanli, the Ming Dynasty's official administration has been completely cleaned up. The public resentment caused by a large number of unjust, false and wrong cases has been greatly alleviated, and the situation of "the government offices are opened with eight characters, and no one can come in if they have reason but no money" has also been greatly alleviated.
correct.
Under Zhu Yijun's instruction, once a corrupt official is found out, major newspapers in both Beijing and Beijing will publish several articles to completely nail him to the pillar of shame. In a country where "filial piety" governs the country, such exposure will have a negative impact on the parties concerned.
The blow is fatal, a real social death.
According to the research of later historians, the Circuit Court established by Hai Rui was not just a court, but an anti-corruption weapon in the hands of Zhu Yijun. Hai Rui was like a peerless magic weapon. Under its cold light, the Ming Dynasty first appeared a little bit.
Pure land, and then these pure lands were connected into a piece, and finally gave the people a clear and sunny sky. Later sociologists even invented a word based on this, called the "Hai Rui effect".
At the beginning of the tenth year of Wanli, Hai Rui, who had spent the New Year at the Nanjing Circuit Court Headquarters, went out again. Hai Qingtian, who had white hair and beard, made his first stop in Hangzhou. Because of the winter of the tenth year of Wanli, there was a rare event in Hangzhou.
Heavy snowfall. A large number of Hangzhou citizens who still believe in the telepathy of gods and humans are saying that there must have been a big injustice in Hangzhou.
Hai Rui himself does not believe in the theory of telepathy between heaven and man. Although he is already seventy years old, he has always been able to keep up with the situation because he regards learning as an important principle of self-cultivation. Not only is he not a stubborn person who clings to the past, but he is also a person who keeps pace with the times.
Nengchen. Hai Rui read every issue of the popular knowledge about objects in newspapers. Moreover, he kept up with the fashion and made newspaper clippings.
Although I don’t believe in the theory of telepathy from heaven and man, I have responded to the call of the people. Hai Rui originally planned to take the Third Circuit Court on a tour at the beginning of the 10th year of Wanli, and chose Hangzhou as the first stop - by the way - Wanli 9th
At the end of the year, relevant letters were sent to the Chief Envoy of Zhejiang Province, informing Mr. Hai that his first stop would be Hangzhou next year.
It doesn't matter that he was just passing by. The governor's yamen, the chief secretary, the inspector-general of Zhejiang and the magistrate of Hangzhou, as well as all the county officials, did not have a good Spring Festival. They have been working overtime to review all judicial cases in the past three years. All the jurisdictions of the Hairui Circuit Court
All types of copywriting in the document list rectification items for self-examination.
According to Wu Shanyan, the governor of Zhejiang, "Although self-examination and self-correction may involve misconduct, at least try to have a good attitude in front of Mr. Hai! No matter who dares to fall off the chain, I will skin you!" Of course, Governor Wu
It doesn't mean that you can't peel off anyone's skin. It means peeling off the official clothes of an official who has fallen out of fashion. If a governor wants to inspect his subordinates, then it is better to do it one by one.
After two consecutive months of careful preparation, Hangzhou finally reached the state of Haiyanheqing. On the third day of February in the tenth year of Wanli, after the circuit court in Hangzhou put up the notice board, there was no one outside the court.
At first, Hai Rui wondered if the Hangzhou local government had blocked the road to the court - a stupid local official had done this before, and some local officials arranged for people to "act out a lawsuit" in front of Hai Rui. He
Several groups of people were sent out to check, but the feedback came back that everything was business as usual in Hangzhou. After asking around on the streets, the result was that around the Chinese New Year, all the backlogged cases in Zhejiang were decided and all judicial cases were reviewed again.
Hai Rui couldn't help but laugh, and he didn't resent the Chief Secretary of Zhejiang for doing this. Hai Rui felt that if he could make the sky clear and clear in the places he passed during his lifetime, that would be the greatest compliment to him. Haigang Feng would die without regrets!
The next day, Hai Rui was about to transfer the letter to the next stop when the drum beat outside the door. The assistants who had been idle for two days all became energetic as if they had been smeared with magic oil and ushered the drummer into the lobby.
.
The person playing the drum was a half-year-old child. He gingerly held the petition and knelt down to kowtow as soon as he entered the lobby. Hai Rui asked someone to take the petition and when he opened it, he saw that it was a murder case and the first prosecutor was
!
Hai Rui had no choice but to hold his forehead. He Wenyan asked the young man in the hall how old he was and what his name was. Then he said to him: "I only accept cases that have been decided by the Hangzhou Prefecture. You went to the wrong yamen. Besides, the pleadings are here.
It said your father was killed in the wild, but Qiantang County didn’t go to investigate? What did the county say?”
The child was shaking nervously at first, but when he saw that Hai Qingtian was very gentle to him, his nervousness subsided a lot. Suddenly he had the courage to say: "I'll tell you, sir, Qiantang County said it was an unsolved case, so we can only list it as a mystery case and slowly solve the case."
The person who gave me the petition also said that you cannot accept my petition here, but it was he who asked me to come to you first."
As soon as he said this, Hai Rui became interested and asked him again, "Oh, why is this?"
The young man cried: "The person who wrote the petition said that the case of my father's murder must involve Governor Wu. Qiantang County and Hangzhou Prefecture dare not investigate, and I am afraid of being killed! But if I come to you first
Click Mao, then the Hangzhou Prefecture will investigate if not, my life may be saved."
After hearing this, Hai Rui became more suspicious and kept thinking in his mind. According to the "Da Ming Circuit Court Charter" he drafted himself, he could never take this case. But after hearing what the young man said, if he didn't take the case, what would happen if he didn't take it?
If a young man has three good points and two shortcomings, how can he, Hai Gangfeng, regret it to death?
At his age now, he has already lived a fine life. One look at this young man's expression and he knew that he was not lying at all. But the rules he had set were already known to the world by the imperial court. Now that he has become an idol, how can he know the law and break it?
?
While he was hesitating, Wang Jieru, the guard next to him, came close and whispered: "Sir, you might as well send him out. I will follow him to see what is going on. If possible, I will also send the person who ordered him here."
Find it out."
Wang Jieru was named after a woman, but he was a real good man. He was originally an inner palace guard. Because Zhu Yijun was afraid that Hai Rui would offend too many people and suffer accidents, he specially asked him to lead an inner guard team to Hai Rui's side.
Protect him.
For more than three years, Wang Jieru was impressed by Hai Rui's charisma. She tried her best to protect him, and silently averted many murderous attempts for Hai Rui. Hai Rui also took a high look at this guard. On weekdays,
She cares and loves him very much.
Hearing Wang Jieru say this, Hai Rui thought it was a way to get the best of both worlds. He coughed lightly and said, "Well, since you have already come here to see me, take this paper back and go to Qiantang County.
Or Hangzhou Mansion, it’s up to you.”
The young man wiped away his tears and nose, took the paper, knelt down and kowtowed twice. Without any unnecessary words, he stood up and left the lobby.