Few officials in the imperial court knew about the existence of Gongqiao Research Institute, so they didn't know how Liu Bei came up with such exquisite technology, but this did not prevent them from being shocked by it.
And the smart people among them quickly realized what changes the emergence of this technology would bring to the big man.
All in all, the cost of reading and learning will be greatly reduced, and it will be difficult to be artificially hindered. It is probably a high probability that everyone can learn and read. If you want to artificially monopolize certain knowledge, you will need to pay a lot of money.
cost.
In short, after the advent of printing, there was no hope of inheriting family traditions.
After the last three Wenyue families voluntarily chose the path of self-destruction at Liu Bei's request, no new Wenyue families will be born.
The great changes in history happened so suddenly and unexpectedly, which made some people wonder whether Liu Bei had prepared all of this a long time ago and was just waiting for him to release these things to consolidate his throne after he successfully ascended the throne and became emperor.
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These technologies are certainly not a big deal for those in high positions. They can easily have access to a large number of books, so the advancement of these technologies is not a good thing for them.
But such people are in the minority.
For the vast majority of people who do not have enough books, the emergence of these technologies and the supply of sufficient books are enough for them to be grateful to Liu Bei, loyal to him, and do things for him.
He changed their destiny.
They will become his most loyal supporters, which will greatly consolidate his emperor status and power base.
A road that had never appeared before was opened by Liu Bei and placed in front of them. As long as they were willing to walk, they could walk on it.
After everyone in the court learned about this, everyone who had a need for this technology expressed their yearning for this technology and their gratitude to Liu Bei, either explicitly or implicitly.
People who were indifferent to this were also shocked by the breakthrough of this technology and the reshaping of the situation of the entire Han Empire that this technology could bring.
But they were almost used to it. After Liu Bei became the ruler, he would always bring many changes to the Han Empire. If they couldn't get used to it, how could they continue to live under his rule?
Liu Bei didn't care at all about the shock of the imperial court. The situation was completely under his control. There was only one big thing he had to do next, which was to completely save the land and complete the redistribution of wealth that should come.
Before that, he wanted to lay a stronger foundation and weaken the enemy more, so he went into battle personally, joined the organization of the righteous compilation of the Five Classics, and participated in the compilation work with Zheng Xuan.
Then he personally announced the punctuation marks he designed, informed the editing team of the specific meaning, and let them understand it. Then he began to segment and indicate the Confucian classic articles.
In the whole work, they generally followed Zheng Xuan's wishes. They would break up sentences as Zheng Xuan did, and they would interpret them as Zheng Xuan interpreted.
Zheng Xuan is now the number one sign in the Confucian classics system. With this sign, punctuation marks can become something that people believe in as quickly as possible.
Using Zheng Xuan's reputation to endorse punctuation marks has a very good effect.
When there were some obvious disputes in the sentence segmentation work, Zheng Xuan was actually quite smart. He would take some of these obvious disputes and send them to Liu Bei for Liu Bei to make a decision himself.
Just like the White Tiger Viewing Conference back then.
Every time at this time, Liu Bei would look at Zheng Xuan with a smile and tell him that he could just let Zheng Xuan decide on this matter.
Zheng Xuan replied -
"Emperor Xiaozhang personally decided disputes back then. Disputes that the emperor personally decided will no longer be controversial. I am just a minister. No matter how high my prestige is, there will be people who will question it. This is not the case with the emperor."
Liu Bei was very happy when he said this, so he used his Confucian knowledge to make his own decisions on the controversial parts, personally decided on the use of punctuation marks, and then interpreted the broken sentences.
Whatever suits his mood.
This reflects something under the autocratic monarchy.
No matter what the ancient sages thought, no matter what your original intention is?
As long as the emperor said it, it is right. What the emperor said is the meaning of the sages.
What they learn today is what Emperor Zhang of Han Dynasty decided back then, and what people in the future learn is what Liu Bei decides today.
Zheng Xuan is a scholar, but he is also a smart man. As he gets older, he seems to be getting smarter and smarter.
Liu Bei was very happy.
By the end of December of the fifth year of Jian'an, more than half of the "Five Classics of Justice" project had been completed, and other affairs were also progressing steadily. Officials were becoming more and more proficient in operating affairs, and they no longer felt unfamiliar with the new system.
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On this basis, Liu Bei's burden was much lighter. He was able to take a breather from the heavy work, and even had some time to go to Taixue and Sili Academy to teach students in person and give speeches.
Regarding education, he always held a tight grip and never relaxed. Moreover, he also carried out reforms in the education model in advance, so not all the things taught in the current schools are Confucian.
It has more of a pragmatic meaning in it, teaching some things that may be used by minor officials, which is quite practical for students.
However, no one will have a clear understanding of what the Third Empire of the Han Dynasty will use as the guiding ideology for governing the country until the completion of "Chiade Tongyi".
Liu Bei once thought about what theory to adopt as his guiding ideology, but he could not decide after much thought.
He sent people to observe the people's sentiments and understand public opinion, and found that the thoughts of the people who read among the people were also relatively confused.
Those who support the ancient literary school of Confucianism and those who support the original Taoist doctrine are the majority, accounting for almost 80%. The remaining 10% are remnants of other schools of thought, and the last 10% are some
Weird monsters and monsters.
There are even idiots who advocate a complete departure from Liu Bei and want everyone to join forces to solve all problems.
Liu Bei sneered at this idea.
Therefore, since the conservatives of the Modern Literature School and the Ancient Literature School were eliminated by Liu Bei's physics, the ideological world of the Han Dynasty has never been stable. The current situation of this ideological world is in a situation that can be completely controlled by Liu Bei.
Whether it is Confucianism of the ancient literary school or Taoism which is still among the people and has not yet entered the public life, it is Liu Bei who has the final say.
Therefore, Ruan Yu, who presided over the compilation of "Jia De Tong Yi", also asked Liu Bei many times whether he should focus on Confucianism or Taoism, should he continue the thought of benevolence, or should he return to the path of Huang Lao's art?
Liu Bei struggled for a long time and decided that no one would be the master. He decided to take advantage of the strengths of everyone and not think from the perspective of rule, but from the perspective of social development and progress.
As the central ideological circle is currently in a state of authority vacuum, whatever he decides can become the Han Dynasty's governing ideas. In this case, why bother to be limited to the theory of one family and one surname?
Liu Bei decided to personally participate in the compilation of "Jia De Tong Yi", deeply involved in it, and personally checked and revised many of its contents.
The generosity of Confucianism, the ethics of Taoism, the universal love of Mohism, the strictness of Legalism, and the flexible diplomacy of political strategists were all things he wanted to adopt and integrate.
If you only think from the perspective of governance, you will naturally choose the theory that is most suitable for governance. But if you think from another perspective, you can draw completely different conclusions.
Didn’t Confucianism, Buddhism and Taoism coexist in the Tang Dynasty?
Although it collapsed in the end.
But at this stage, Liu Bei has too much room for maneuver.
So at the end of December in the fifth year of Jian'an, before the first festival of Zhenguan, Liu Beiming issued an edict announcing to the world that he decided to reform.
Because he had a deep understanding of the doctrines of the Ancient Literature School and the Modern Literature School, and he himself was backstabbed by both the Ancient Literature School and the Modern Literature School at the same time, he deeply realized the shortcomings of the Ancient Literature School and the Modern Literature School.
This kind of statement would seem feeble to others, but if Liu Bei said it, it would only make people feel convinced and have nothing to say.
Because he was really an unlucky guy who was targeted and stabbed in the back by both the Modern Literature School and the Ancient Literature School. This is something that everyone in the world knows.
So when he talks about the shortcomings of these two schools of thought, it feels more like the suffering master is complaining.
The sufferer has already complained, so what else can't be done?
Not to mention that the master of suffering is still the emperor.
Liu Bei used this superior status to accuse the world of the shortcomings of Confucianism.
Every word is stained with blood and tears.
He said that after he was stabbed in the back, he deeply realized that education alone cannot make people good. People who have mastered the inheritance of classics can do despicable and shameless things and fail to set an example. How can they expect students to do so?
Are we going to be moral role models?
Liu Bei couldn't do it himself and asked others to do it. Such despicable and shameless things happened again and again, and they still happened to the upper echelons of the Second Empire. This made Liu Bei feel heartbroken.
Such things happen again and again, which fully proves the limitations of Confucian governance.
It just so happened that he also gave up the inheritance of "Zuo Shi Chun Qiu" and the inheritance of Confucianism, so from now on, he would stop using Confucianism alone as the guiding ideology of the country.
Since Dong Zhongshu, the ideological structure of the Han Dynasty that only respected Confucianism for nearly three hundred years has come to an end.
The reason why it is not abolished, but canceled as a separate qualification, is mainly because there are many things worth adopting in Confucianism.
The generosity and emphasis on education in Confucianism are not found in other schools of thought.
Simply using Confucianism to govern the country, one-sidedly emphasizing benevolence and neglecting other important things, will make the shortcomings of Confucianism infinitely magnified. This is not the result that our ancestors wanted.
Therefore, he decided to learn from the strengths of others, listen to the excellence of each school of thought, adopt them all, and re-create a new guiding ideological system to replace the single Confucian ideological guiding system.
As for what other doctrines to use for reinforcement, Liu Bei believes that there are no regulations. Whatever doctrines and content are suitable should be brought in for reinforcement. All good things should be brought over, and should not be limited to schools or scholastic opinions.
Excellent content goes unnoticed.
In Liu Bei's vision, the ideological style of the Third Empire of the Han Dynasty focused on breaking away from sectarian views and drawing on the strengths of others. It did not necessarily adopt a certain academic discipline, but showed a certain degree of academic freedom.
Take Legalism for example. Legalism did lose its strength, but the fall of Qin cannot be entirely blamed on Legalism. There are also many factors of the rulers and the factors of the times at that time.
Many things in Legalism are indeed harsh, but Legalism advocates the rule of law, the analysis and restraint of human nature, and the opposition to retrogression and the view of the world that the world is moving forward. These are all very meaningful.
Anyway, Liu Bei came out and said it himself, believing that the backstabbing he received from the Ancient Literature School and the Modern Literature School was the result of the disillusionment of the Confucian view of human nature.
They themselves can't do what they say, and they still insist on being lenient. It seems that they are only lenient to themselves and treat others as harshly as possible.
They themselves made a mistake, and they were punished with three drinks of wine, while those who opposed them wished they could have their bones shattered into ashes.
This just supports Liu Bei's previous decision to correct the "Han Code" and depose the "Spring and Autumn Jue Jie", which caused a lot of controversy both inside and outside the government.
And it received a considerable amount of support.
Even if they were Confucian students themselves, in this period of change, they did not sit back and die on the side of Confucianism. Instead, they followed Liu Bei to deeply reflect on the social chaos that has dominated Confucianism over the years.
It can only be said that Han Confucianism is far from the rigid and rigid state of the Ming and Qing Dynasties, and they are still good at jumping around repeatedly.
In addition, Liu Bei also clearly pointed out in "Chiade Tongyi" that the world is not static, and it is foolish to expect the world to be static.
In his view, the world is constantly moving forward. He deeply agrees with the Legalist view of the world and believes that all laws and systems must develop with the development of history, and cannot retrogress or follow the old ways.
He especially appreciated Shang Yang's clear proposition that "do not follow the past, do not follow the present", and also greatly appreciated Han Fei's proposition that "when time changes, governance will not change, but chaos will occur".
He firmly disagreed with asking the ancients for wisdom when faced with problems, so he further criticized [Spring and Autumn Jue Prison], stamped Chun Qiu Jue Prison on the ground, and stomped it several times.
In addition, Liu Bei also proposed to act in strict accordance with the law and resolutely maintain his authority.
He believed that the ancient Legalists' firm opposition to the practice of talking about benevolence and morality outside of the law was correct and justified.
He appreciated Han Feizi's proposal of "letting rule by law" and advocated the elimination of all human factors in the process of law enforcement, so as to avoid "people survive and political actions cease."
In this way, even if a person dies, the law will remain, and correct behavior will become the yardstick in the hearts of people from generation to generation, and will not be distorted by the factors of one or two people.
This is the key point that Liu Bei spent a lot of time explaining.
He deeply believes that many regrets in Chinese history in the future are caused by this crucial point not being changed when it most needed to be changed. Many regrets are really destined to become regrets from the beginning.
It would be a tragedy.
How many tragedies have been caused by the death of people and the death of government?
Han Fei had seen this more than two thousand years ago.
Therefore, he hopes to do his best to make some changes and fight.
Even if you can't do it, you have struggled.
In other chapters of Jiade Tongyi, Liu Bei also proposed that once the law is promulgated and takes effect, it must be "officials do not have personal relationships, and laws do not abandon love".
The monarch and his ministers must respect the law for their own purposes and adhere to the law as the unified standard for regulating society without adding other standards to this standard.
Liu Bei insisted that one of the hidden dangers of Confucianism in governing the country is that it likes to treat people differently, and the punishment is not the same as that of a doctor. In this way, people who commit crimes cannot be punished, people who do good deeds cannot be praised, and the social order will collapse sooner or later.
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How stupid is it for a meat-eater to give up long-term peace and stability for temporary gain, and eventually die himself and his family?
Meat eaters are despicable and fail to make far-sighted plans. This is a famous sentence in "Zuo Shi Chun Qiu". Confucian scholars regard this sentence as a classic of their own school and think it is right.
But in actual operations, they always become what they call "meat eaters".