The sixth diplomatic mission to China mentioned by Catherine II can be traced back to the aftermath of the Battle of Yaksa.
From the Shunzhi to the Kangxi era, the Qing court captured nearly a hundred Cossack prisoners of war in several battles between Yaksa and Tsarist Russia. After these people came to Beijing, they were incorporated into the Manchurian Xianghuang Banner and independently established the "Russian Assistant Command".
It was placed in Pepper Garden Hutong (later called Hujiayuan Hutong) in the northeast corner of Beijing.
Of course, the Cossacks who joined the flag would not be raised in vain. Some of them were sent to the Heilongjiang anti-Russian front line to serve as frontline reconnaissance, battlefield recruitment and translation work, which was very effective.
Since ancient times, China has adopted the principle of "governing according to customs" to foreign ethnic groups outside the Central Plains. This is what the "Book of Rites" says: "The people of the five directions all have their own nature and cannot be transferred...to modify it."
"Teach without changing the customs, regulate the government without changing the appropriateness." That is to say, as long as the households can be organized and the people can be unified, and the government orders can be unified, there is no need to change their living customs and religious beliefs.
It is precisely because of this that when the Battle of Yaksa subsided, the people of the "Russian Zuoli" were quickly assimilated after living in Beijing for more than ten years. By the late Kangxi period, they were no different from other banner people.
These people don't know any craftsmanship. Although they have more than a dozen taels of grain and rice every month, because they are not good at managing money, they spend their days just carrying birds in cages, hanging out in casinos and troupes, and becoming "Eight Banners uncles".
Among the early prisoners of war was a man named Maxim Leontyev, who was originally the priest of the Yaksa Church. After he was captured and until his death, he stayed in the "St. Nicholas Church" in Dongzhimen and gave it to Russia.
The prisoners of war hosted religious activities. Later, with the need of Peter I to develop Sino-Russian trade, Tsarist Russia began to send missionary missions to China after many negotiations with the Qing court.
One of the funniest things that happened after the first Orthodox mission to Beijing arrived in Beijing was that, in order to show off the spirit of a great nation, Kangxi actually gave these missionaries and students official posts and rewards, and were incorporated into the Eight Banners. For example, the chief priest of the mission was
Officials were given five grades, priests and deacons were given seven grades, and other accompanying church students also became members of the "Russian Assistants". The Lifan Yuan gave them houses, living expenses and everything they asked for, and even gave them wives.
, those missionaries who made them have extremely big heads.
At present, the old lady Queen said that she wanted to find two clergymen who were former missionaries in China and knew Chinese to join the negotiation team. However, the people from the Foreign Affairs Committee went back and found out that only one was left alive.
This man's name is Agafonov Alexei Semyonovich. He is forty-four years old this year and is proficient in Chinese and Manchu. After returning to China in 1782, he served as governor of Irkutsk Ivan Jacobi - who was
The man who had Zhao Xin's hand cut off worked as a translator, and was later transferred to the Foreign Affairs Committee in St. Petersburg. He was one of the earliest sinologists in Russian history.
The diplomatic mission negotiating with Beihai Town began to be formed on the third day after Rumyantsev's condolence event. It was planned to consist of 150 people. In addition to the Queen's Guards Cavalry, the Military Council and the Senate Diplomatic and Trade Departments also
Deployed personnel. The chief and deputy leaders were Count Alexei Grigoryevich Orlov and Count Mujin, and Agafonov accompanied him as an interpreter.
Speaking of the leader Orlov, he ranked third among the famous "Five Orlov Brothers". All five of these brothers assisted Catherine II in launching a coup. It is said that this was the
He personally killed Peter III. Although Count Orlov fell out of favor fifteen years ago, he had served as the naval commander-in-chief of the Tsarist Russian Empire, planned the first archipelago expedition, and was half a military strategist.
The members of the mission will leave in mid-December. Since the journey is more than 4,000 kilometers long, they will not leave until they arrive in Kazan to celebrate the Russian New Year (seven days later than the Gregorian calendar). In this way, the Russians arrive
The day in Krasnoyarsk will have to wait until mid-March next year at the earliest.
Since the Northern Navy completed the population verification of Krasnoyarsk and Yeniseisk, they waited until Krutogorov arrived with his troops in early December, and then they stepped forward to order the people in the city to
Russian residents began to move.
When Zhao Xin returned to Yeniseisk, the Jewish groups in the city that had not yet been relocated began to become extremely uneasy due to the arrival of the Cossack soldiers who were attached to Beihai Town. Many people lined up in a long line outside the Military Control Council to apply for travel to Tulum or
It is the pass to Nizhny Uginsk.
The reason why the Jews are like this is because the Cossacks are the natural enemies of the Jews, and the two sides have been at odds with each other for a long time. It's funny to say that these two types of minority groups are wanderers who lack national identity and a sense of belonging, but they have different living customs and values.
There are great differences and oppositions.
The Cossacks are a group that is constantly being replenished by new members, and newcomers can join regardless of their ethnic origin, such as Tatars, Kalmyks, and Buryat Mongols. However, they only resolutely exclude Jews, and Jews are hostile to the Robbery.
The predatory Cossacks are also afraid of hiding and will never get involved with this group.
"...Cossack brothers! I call on you in the name of the Siberian Cossack Emirate to join this group! Just like the Cossacks of Zaporozhye, we will establish our own free country! Crush those nobles
The shackles that the masters put on our heads!"
In the Assumption Church in Yeniseisk, Mikhail, the top dog of Kruto Grove, was giving an impassioned speech. On both sides of him were more than two dozen men with revolvers on their waists;
In front of them were more than 400 local Cossack men who had been "summoned".
"Wait a minute, Mikhail, right?" A short, stout Cossack walked out from the back of the silent crowd. He coughed and rubbed his two fingers, which looked like old oak roots washed by water.
The long hand looked at Kruto Grove with light green, like tender leaves attached, and slightly smiling eyes, and asked: "You just talked about breaking the shackles... Then after the new emirate is established, what will happen?"
What kind of shackles are you going to put on us?”
"What's wrong with you? Do you have someone to put shackles on you?"
The stocky Cossack asked reluctantly: "What does this "self" mean?"
Mikhail said: "That's what it means. You want to know who is in power in the Siberian Cossack Emirate? It's the Verkhovna Rada, which is a place where everyone can speak. If everyone elects you, you will be in power; or he
, or this uncle was elected to power. Do you understand?"
"Then who is in charge of the Supreme Ladari?"
"Mitrich, it's only been 15 years since the Zaporozhye Fortress was blown up by that vicious woman. Have you forgotten all about it?"
In 1775, after many victories over Turkey and the conclusion of a peace treaty, the Russian Empire gained access to the Black Sea and the Dnieper River defense line. As a result, the Zaporozhye Cossack Emirate, which was once located on the border, became inland and there was no need to maintain it.
Such a huge armed force.
At the same time, conflicts occurred from time to time between the grassroots Cossacks and the tsarist government, which at this time had begun to actively develop the lands of New Russia. Due to land disputes, the Cossacks repeatedly destroyed settler camps in Tavria.
In view of this, Catherine II took advantage of the opportunity after Pugachev's uprising and decided to liquidate the Zaporozhye region.
The sudden action of tens of thousands of Russian troops caught the Cossacks off guard. Unlike those military leaders who were willing to surrender, most ordinary Cossacks at that time preferred to fight the Tsarist army. However, under the persuasion of Orthodox priests and Cossack nobles, they finally gave up.
After failing to resist, the Tsarist army used artillery to level the Zaporozhye Fortress.
Mikhail said loudly: "From now on, the Rada Assembly will be the highest governing body of the emirate, with Ataman as the national leader and military leader! Of course, it must also go through elections. If you are elected - you will have power from above.
"
"Really? You're not talking nonsense, are you?"
I heard another person say: "Then what to do with the land?"
"Do you want us to hand over the land here?"
"According to the order of the emirate's military Ataman, each of you will be given one hundred dessiatines of land on the plain west of the Yenisei River, tax-free for five years! We will abolish the head tax! We will only levy taxes on commodity transactions in the future.
Tax! The land is yours, so you can grow whatever you want. By the way, you can grow a beard as long as you want, and no one will charge you a beard tax anymore."
All the Cossacks present laughed and immediately started talking at the same time:
"Maybe, I'm just talking about it now to trick everyone into supporting them."
"Tell us your conscience!"
"We are like bears now, running around in the dark!"
"It is dangerous to listen to outsiders."
"The military uniforms they wear are exactly the same as those Chinese."
Mikhail said: "The Rada meeting will be held here tomorrow to elect two local Atamans, who will become the political councilors of the emirate!"
The Cossack named Mitrich smiled and said: "Great! Everyone choose me! I will definitely speak for the poor!"
"Let all Cossacks have the right to speak!"
Mikhail twisted his body and looked around to observe the reaction of the Cossacks. With the experience of agitating in the Yaksa and Usolye prisoner-of-war camps, he had no doubts about the success of his actions. As long as he could grasp it every time
From the mood of the Cossacks present, he knew that victory was in sight.
In the Military Control Council in Yeniseisk, Krutogorov, who serves as the Cossack Military Ataman, is respectfully reporting to Zhao Xin.
"Because we were short on time, we only recruited 500 people from Usoliya. But don't worry, I have retained some eloquent guys for them to continue recruiting."
"Discipline, we must pay close attention to military discipline!" Zhao Xin emphasized again. The reason why he said this is because the more than 3,000 people led by Krutogorov were dragging their feet on the way here.
Arrives three days late for reservation.
Cossacks in these days were famous for being undisciplined. Wu Siyu had complained many times that basic formation training for these Cossacks was extremely difficult, and they could always find various reasons to avoid it.
The problem is that the strength of the Northern Navy along the Yenisei River is now only very small, and Zhao Xin also pointed out that Krutogorov's men can help attract some of the firepower.
Zhao Xin had a headache about the servant army, but Deng Fei and the others who were far away in Hoi An were recruiting local soldiers very smoothly. There was a long queue of people at the recruitment office in front of Chenghan Palace.
The Northern Navy posted a notice on the day they entered Hoi An City. Jiang Fan was so clever that he turned a notice on peace of the people into a plea against thieves, which excited the Chinese people in Datang Street and Minh Huong Society.
"Annan is close to China. Since the Qin Dynasty, the Mandate of Heaven has been enacted to unify the whole region. King Wu of Zhao expanded the land of Baiyue, and Wu of the Han Dynasty established three counties to unify them. Later, Li Li surrendered to the Ming Dynasty, was granted titles and benefactors, and passed on many ancestral lines.
Over the years, the thieves Ruan Wenyue and his brother were from the same clan as the Hu family. They were ministers and assistants in Guangnan. They had hidden private soldiers and had coveted him for a long time. Ruan Wenyue's name was Hu Yue, his second brother Ruan Lu was named Hu Lu, and his third brother Ruan Hui was named Hu Hui.
These three people were good at using swords and weapons, and killed their masters with their own hands, which enhanced their reputation. Ruan Guangping, who harbored evil intentions, set ambushes on the territory, recruited sea bandits, and plundered all the sea areas.
Ruan Wenyue, because his general was killed in battle, moved to Jiading with anger, treated the Chinese as enemies, and violently killed more than ten thousand innocent people. From cattle to firewood sticks, corpses were lying on pillows, and rivers were abandoned without water flowing. After two or three months,
, people dare not eat the fish and shrimps in the river. They show off their violence and abuse a country. The vegetation, animals and plants cannot live in peace, and the ghosts and gods of heaven and earth are angry.
However, the Ruan thieves in Xishan are so evil that heaven cannot tolerate them. The people of their countries have been suffering from the torture for decades, and they are deeply pitiable. The Northern Navy came to relieve the suffering of the people and extend the souls of tens of thousands of lonely souls in the sky.
The officers and soldiers were strictly ordered to commit no crime in the autumn, but they could all remain in the blockade as before, and do not be alarmed or suspicious. They were threatening to obey the officials out of coercion, but they were not willing to obey them. They can all go about their duties without incurring any additional offenses.
Beihai Town is recruiting troops today. It is a blessing to the people of the country. Those who capture Ruan Wenyue alive will be heavily rewarded. If anyone dares to be unconscious, help evil and refuse orders, Tian Ge will sweep them away with a single finger. When the Ruan family in Xishan is captured, Xueyou will be wronged.
Underground, the solution is hanging upside down in the middle of the country, with the heart of serving China at the top, and the hope of comforting the people at the bottom."
This chapter is not over yet, please click on the next page to continue reading! Next to the Anmin notice, there is another recruitment notice. The requirements above are first of all Chinese, and the age is 18 to 25 years old, because southerners are not tall.
Therefore, the height is limited to four feet and six inches, which is 1.56 meters. In addition, those with incomplete facial features and heavy smokers will not be accepted.
As mentioned before, many Tang people in Hoi An had relatives who were massacred in Jiading. However, Nguyen Phuc Anh in Quang Nam was too cowardly, and the Tay Son army was brutal, so no one dared to resist in these years.
But with the arrival of the Ye family and his son and He Xiwen, all the Tang people in Hoi An knew about the North Navy's record of conquering Hue, and the whole Tang Street was in a sensation. Almost from the third day after entering the city, the recruitment went smoothly.
's development.
Deng Fei and Wang Yuanfang thought it would be good if they could recruit a thousand people, but after a few days, the number of qualified recruits had exceeded 1,500, and there was still an endless stream of people signing up.
"We can't recruit anymore, the number has exceeded two thousand!" Wang Yuanfang quickly stopped after seeing the number of people on the recruit registration list. Although the Chinese businessmen in the city were either forced by the prestige of Beihai Town or wanted to take advantage of the opportunity to build relationships, they also donated money.
Money and materials are donated, but so many people have to find a place to stay.
As for training, Wang Yuanfang originally wanted to use He Xiwen's men, but after asking carefully, he found out that these people had no training at all. Their years of pirate career meant that these people only needed to dare to fight and charge. In desperation,
He could only transfer a company from the Marine Battalion to give these "new recruits" basic training first.
Looking at the recruit barracks rising from the ground in front of him, Wang Yuanfang sighed: "It seems that this New Year will be celebrated in Hoi An."