After last year's autumn harvest, due to the shortage of large-scale combine harvesters, Beihai Town Machinery Factory began to mass-produce the "McCormick Harvester" that appeared in another time and space. Its working efficiency is 4 to 5 times that of manual harvesting.
This thing is relatively simple to make. Except for the wood, it is made of cast iron. It does not require precision machining. The only high-tech part is the toothed knife for cutting.
The working principle of the entire machine is that the horses drive the wide wheels of the harvester forward. The wheels are connected to the gears on the bridge chain rake to drive the four windmill blade-shaped crop dividers to rotate, pushing the wheat ears into the collection platform, and at the same time, the front end is attached to the harvester.
The ground cutter will cut off the wheat straw, leaving only an inch-long wheat stubble on the ground.
The maintenance of horse-drawn harvesters is very simple. If the harvester is broken, farmers can repair it themselves; if the cutter of the divider is broken, then apply to the agricultural machinery station again and replace it. As for the selling price, it is
A set of 100 Beihai silver dollars includes two horses.
According to Zhao Liang's plan, Beihai Town Machinery Factory will start replicating the first-generation combine harvester in history this winter, and it will be the one using a fuel engine.
The large-scale use of new agricultural tools is actually closely related to Beihai Town's breaking of the traditional small-scale peasant economic structure and imitating the organizational form of "collective communes" from another time and space in history. The reason why farmers under Beihai Town can quickly accept new things
, and are willing to purchase industrial products because each natural village adopts an agricultural cooperative approach.
The reason why Zhao Xin and Chen Qingsong did this was not because they were farsighted, but because of the actual conditions of the refugees in the island country at the beginning. Because of the famine, each family lacked labor and found it difficult to manage fifty acres of land; and
Beihai Town has to recruit soldiers from these people, which further leads to a shortage of labor force, so it can only adopt a cooperation and mutual assistance model. Therefore, unified management, unified management, rational use of land, and construction of water conservancy and farmland infrastructure have become natural.
The same was true for the early immigrants from Henan. The agricultural production technology was backward and the labor force was insufficient, which forced them to be included in this system. When the later immigrants from Shandong and Zhili arrived, their families had relatively abundant labor.
The principle of allocating land on a family basis and dispersing and relocating each family greatly reduced the interference ability of clan forces.
In other words, the clan-based small-scale peasant economic land management method is not allowed in Beihai Town; more seriously, as long as Beihai Town continues to industrialize, all areas under its rule will not be allowed.
We must know that as long as a country or regime enters industrialization, with the establishment of various systems, it will bring a large amount of institutional expenditures; these include taxes, medical security, electricity bills, water bills, communications, logistics and other costs, as well as
It is the "system cost".
Because China at the end of the 18th century was ultimately an agricultural country, with 90% of its more than 300 million people living in rural areas, so the institutional costs of industrialization had to be passed on through the countryside, that is, by allowing the rural population to purchase and use industrialized goods.
The urban population alone cannot digest it.
For example, tractors are mainly used in agricultural production and have almost no role in cities and towns. For example, if every village is electrified, farmers will have to pay electricity bills; if there is no electrification, farmers will need to buy horse lanterns made in Beihai Town instead of continuing to use them.
Dim oil lamp.
There is a very striking example in the history of another time and space that can illustrate the contradiction between industrialization and small-scale peasant economy. In 1949, in order to improve farming efficiency, a "two-wheeled and double-shared plow" was produced-relatively
The wooden plow commonly used by farmers at that time was commonly known as the "iron plow" by the people, and its price was only 39 yuan. However, no matter how vigorously the government promoted and mobilized, farmers just refused to buy it, and it was not popularized until after communeization.
.
We must know that China's small-scale peasant economic model since ancient times has resulted in various operations including industry and commerce that do not use currency transactions. Farmers do not have the habit of buying with currency. If you need any agricultural tools, you can just find a skilled craftsman in the village to make one, and the cost is to exchange agricultural products.
For example, using eggs laid by your own hens to exchange for matches in a cooperative is a barter transaction. Agricultural products and industrial products cannot be monetized in rural areas, resulting in the economy operating in a planned allocation rather than market-oriented manner.
For the Qing Dynasty rural areas in this era, the land annexation by the official and gentry class has resulted in ordinary farmers having no fifty acres of land to operate. The official and gentry class who own a large amount of land can hire rural bankrupts and proletarians at a cheaper price.
To achieve low-cost operations in this way, there is a lack of motivation for demand for new agricultural tools.
In fact, Zhao Xin keeps introducing talents from another time and space. The reason is the same as the "Soviet aid to China" in the history of another time and space. The difference is that Zhao Xin has to spend money to hire people, so the scale is not that large. The construction of industrial system
The speed is not that fast.
It has been seven years since Beihai Town was established. The most basic thing is to increase the literacy rate, reduce the proportion of illiterates, and increase skilled workers. With the arrival of half a million new immigrants, the proportion of illiterate and semi-literate people has skyrocketed, accounting for 10% of the population of Beihai Town residents.
Forty-five percent.
Faced with this situation, in addition to expanding basic education and promoting literacy campaigns in natural villages, another solution is to join the North Korean Navy and reduce the illiteracy rate through the military's compulsory learning system.
The further south the North Navy fights, the more prominent the problem will be, and the corresponding institutional costs will surge. This situation not only exists in Qing Dynasty, but also in Eastern Siberia; it is just that due to the attack on Beihai Town
The territory is too large, and the so-called large towns have a population of only a few thousand at most, and the signs are not obvious at the moment.
In short, as long as Zhao Xin and his companions continue to pursue industrialization led by state capital, they will be in opposition to the traditional small-scale peasant economy and will inevitably become enemies of the landlord and gentry class.
The idea of quickly eliminating the opponent.
This chapter is not finished yet, please click on the next page to continue reading the exciting content! However, all the above mentioned is only half-understood to Hong Liangji, the newly appointed deputy commissioner of the Administration. What he can understand is that his so-called "
"Deputy Commissioner" is probably equivalent to the fifth-grade Tongzhi on the Manchu side. He has to manage everything except the military.
In the Manchu and Qing Dynasties, if a person wanted to become an official, he usually started from the post-appointment method. You must know that the official Jinshi award was a seventh-grade county magistrate. Hong Liangji became a senior official in charge of the Hunchun area from a white body, which can be regarded as entering Beihai.
The town's senior officials joined the ranks.
Throughout the nearly three hundred years of the Qing Dynasty, there are very few officials who can speak out about current problems and accuse the emperor of his mistakes. There are only two of them. One is Sun Jiagan, who is very familiar to later generations, and the other is Hong Liangji. However, historically
His loud voice was even more powerful than that of Sun Jiagan, and he was known as "the strongest person in the Qing Dynasty"; he was so angry that Jiaqing, known as "Renzong", almost beheaded him.
The power is evident.
It is rare in China's thousands of years of history for a person whose own righteousness can move the world to such an extent that he vindicates Hong Liangji's edict during the Jiaqing period and rains down rain to relieve the drought, and even lists the incident in the official history.
It was this character that Zhao Xin took a fancy to. Just like letting Jiang Fan go to serve as a soldier, he deliberately left Hong Liangji out for a while. Seeing that he was not impatient, he sent him, Liu Taigong and others to the prison.
Administrative school, after some government affairs training, they arranged to go to Hunchun, hoping that through this person's uprightness, he could handle local Manchu affairs and border issues fairly and justly.
When the Battle of Hunchun entered the final stage, the Manchus in Hunchun City were unable to evacuate to Jilin due to the east-west pincer attack by the Northern Navy, and the Manchus in Hunchun City were all soldiers, so most of the Manchu families stayed behind.
How to manage these people will determine whether Beihai Town's future governance of other regions in Northeast China will be smooth. You must know that Dashiwula, Heilongjiang City, and even Qiqihar, Mergen, Jilin, and Shengjing under the Manchu Qing rule were all dominated by bannermen.
The composition of the residents. Everyone is watching every move in Beihai Town. If the local officials stationed there are unfair, it will lead to the death of the Kurkaqi and Feyaka people in the surrounding villages, thus shaking Beihai Town's position in the entire Northeast region.
rule.
"Master Hong, this is a summary of the household registration files of the Eight Banner Manchus and Kurkhaqis in Hunchun."
In the administrative office's official room, a civil affairs clerk responsible for managing files placed the compiled information on the desk.
Hong Liangji, who had just arrived at any day, opened the file and looked at it carefully. He found that the file summary was organized in great detail. It was classified into categories such as men and women, age groups, affiliations, nationalities, etc. This kind of organization method can only be done after training in administrative schools.
Only people can do it.
"Yizhi, do you understand Manchu?"
"Understood, the next family has lived in Ningguta for many years."
The speaker was a middle-aged man in his thirties, wearing the dark blue uniform of a civil affairs clerk. This man was Zhang Yubei, named Yizhi, who had been sent by Na Qitai to negotiate with the Northern Navy. The Northern Navy occupied Ning.
After leaving the ancient pagoda, Zhang Yubei, who was a descendant of Han exiles and had the title of supervisor, quickly defected to Beihai Town. After more than a year of studying in the administrative school, he was sent to Hunchun as a civil affairs clerk in charge of household registration and land.
Zhang Yubei immediately introduced the number of local households to Hong Liangji, and focused on the situation of the Manchus. In general, the eight banners of Manchu in Hunchun mainly include five categories: straight white, bordered yellow, straight yellow, straight red, and side red.
, the surnames are mainly Anchulaguarjia, Neyinguarjia, Suvaguarjia, Sakdabi, Jueluo, Hesheli, etc.; in addition, it also includes those who became "Yi"
The Hezhe people, Kurkhaqi people, Feyaka people, Xinjiang Barkol Erut Mongols, etc. from "Che Manchuria"; as for the Han people, there are 80 newly allocated households, half of which are naturalized people from the island country.
After the Northern Navy occupied Hunchun, these old and new Manchus all changed their Chinese surnames when registering their household registrations. For example, all the Guarjias changed their surnames to "Guan", Sakdabi changed their surnames to "Zu", and Hesheli changed their surnames to "He"
, Niu Hulu changed his surname to "Lang"; the most disturbing thing was Jueluo's, who changed his surname to "Zhao".
Hong Liangji glanced at ten lines, and when he saw the composition of the ethnic group, he was surprised and said: "There are actually Huihui in this place?"
Zhang Yubei said: "There are only three families, and they are all businessmen from Ningguta. Two families are named Li, and one family is named Ma."
"Businessmen? What kind of business do they do?"
"For ginseng goods and leather goods, we occasionally get involved in trade with the Li Dynasty. Sir, we are short of cattle here. In the past, we traded with Huining of the Li Dynasty, trading horses or ginseng leather goods with them for cattle and salt.
cloth."
"Do they have a license from Beihai Trading Company?"
"People from the trading company had talked to them before, but they thought the business tax we set was too high and didn't agree."
"This won't work! In the future, all merchants or merchants must have a license issued by the Beihai Trading Company. Private individuals cannot intervene in the grain trade! Furthermore, nowadays, machines are used everywhere for both plowing and harvesting, even for harvesting.
Machines are also drawn by horses, so what do we need scalpers for? Apart from eating meat, the remaining use is to sell their skins to make armor."
Hong Liangji had learned in administrative school that Beihai Town adopts an exclusive purchase of grain and never allows private individuals to get involved. The purpose is to narrow the scissor gap between industry and agriculture, ensure the price of agricultural products, and prevent immigrants from losing their interest in farming due to the organizational form of collective communes.
of enthusiasm.
Zhang Yubei was shocked. He didn't expect that Deputy Commissioner Hong would be slapped with such a big label. Those three Hui businessmen were in trouble.
Hong Liangji thought for a while and then said: "Yizhi, could you please send someone to inform the heads of these three Hui families that I will ask them to come to the Yamen at 8 o'clock tomorrow morning."
"Your Majesty, you are serious. This is all within the scope of my duties."
While the two were talking, the guard outside the door came to report that Li Chao had sent someone to Huining Mansion to ask for an audience.
This chapter is not finished yet, please click on the next page to continue reading the exciting content! Zhang Yubei said: "Sir, if I guess correctly, Huining's visit this time must be to discuss mutual trade matters."
"Oh? How do you say this?"
"Since Hunchun was returned to the rule of King Zhao, our mutual trading with Hoining has stopped. Previously, King Zhao and Mr. Shen of the Ministry of Trade meant that if Lee Chao did not agree to return North Hamgyong Province, we would not open mutual trading. What's more,
The imperial court, oh, no, the Manchu Qing Dynasty still has thousands of troops stationed in Huining. Once the mutual trade is opened, these spies to spy on the military situation will take the opportunity to come in."
Hong Liangji nodded and said, "I see. But King Zhao sent me here to negotiate with Li Chao on border affairs." After that, he said to the guards: "Invite them in, just ask them to come in."
Let’s talk in the main room.”
The office of the Hunchun Administrative Office is the former official office of the Co-administrative Office. It has three main rooms, two west wing rooms, a storage room for customs and defense, and a gate. They are all thatched houses and have no walls. After the Northern Navy occupied Hunchun, they have been
During the implementation of military control, Mi Shilang only demolished the thatched cottages, rebuilt brick houses, and added wooden fence walls. However, he himself set up his headquarters in the martial arts hall inside the south gate of the city and lived there.
The only major construction project carried out by the Beihai Navy in the city was the original official school. All three thatched cottages were demolished and converted into a primary school with fifteen wood-carved houses in three rows. A playground was also built. All school-age children in the city were required to attend school.
, regardless of gender, the teachers are three sixteen or seventeen-year-old teachers sent from Beihai Town, who mainly teach literacy, Mandarin and mathematics.
Now the customs and defense warehouse has been converted into a household registration archives warehouse. Zhang Yubei's family lives in the west wing, and Hong Liangji himself lives in the east room of the main room. One of the other two rooms has been converted into a reception room, and the west room is a business room.
Hong Liangji's family currently lives in Beihai Town, where the living conditions are considered to be the best in Beihai Town. As he takes office alone, he is not so particular.
Regarding Zhao Xin's unusual appointment, Hong Liangji had no words of gratitude. As a Confucian scholar-official, all he could uphold was "You treat me as a scholar of the country, and I will repay you as a scholar of the country."