Chapter 671: What you get on paper is ultimately shallow.
With the VOC signing the surrender document, a war that affected half of Java, Sumatra and the Malayan Peninsula finally came to an end.
Zhao Xin has no intention of returning the occupied land of the Banten Sultanate, because unifying the entire West Java is his stated goal. You must know that the ancient Chinese have already given an incisive explanation of this situation, that is, "lying on the couch"
How can we allow others to snore and sleep on our side?"
In order to achieve the purpose of deterring other sultanates, Zhao Xin divided the entire Banten area into four administrative regions of north, south, middle and west according to the administrative divisions of another time and space, and also placed the Cirebon Sultanate under the jurisdiction of the Sultanate of Cirebon.
The area is divided into two districts, both of which are under the rule of Beihai Town.
He then sent a secret message to He Xiwen, ordering him to lead troops into the Solosowang Palace in Serang, dismiss the palace guards of Sultan Aliyuddin I, force him to abdicate, and sent Zheng Wenxian to exile him and all his family members to West Borneo.
Dai Yan was handed over to Wu Yuansheng for guarding.
So the Banten Sultanate, which had replaced the Sunda Kingdom and ruled across Sumatra and West Java for 241 years, ushered in the final blow.
Just destroying the country is not enough, religious and economic means must also keep up. To this end, Zhao Xin asked Huang Zhongtong, who had just returned to Bacheng, to go north again to recruit monks in Guangdong and Fujian. He wanted to open Buddhist monasteries in the Bandan area;
The economy is relatively simple. Banten's main economic lifeline is pepper. Just let the Chinese businessmen in Bacheng be responsible for this.
The Northern Navy showing its fangs frightened the princes of the princes across Southeast Asia. They finally realized that Beihai Town was a more terrifying existence than the Portuguese and the Dutch. So the Kingdom of Aceh in Sumatra, the Kingdom of Malay Peninsula
The Kingdom of Johor, Temenggong, and the Manggunikalan Kingdom in Central Java all sent their prime ministers to Bacheng with heavy gifts, asking for asylum from Beihai Town, and even becoming a vassal.
The arrival of a large number of envoys made the two hotels in the city full of guests. Among the people coming and going on the street, envoys from the Sultanate wearing headscarves could be seen everywhere, and those beautiful people wearing "sarongs" and shawls and headscarves could be seen everywhere.
Javanese women are even more eye-catching to many people.
The end of the war also led to the rapid recovery of Bacheng's maritime trade. By mid-August 1793, more than ten merchant ships had arrived in Bacheng, bringing a large amount of silk, sugar, tea and porcelain; merchants were selling the goods.
Later, he frantically purchased cooling oil, essential oil, pepper, clove, nutmeg, ivory, coral, sandalwood and other goods in the market.
Starting from August 1, 1793, the Chinese "Court Hall" in Bacheng was changed to the "Public Affairs Office", which was subordinate to the Military Control Commission, and all its original public management functions were split; civil and criminal adjudication powers were vested in the Bacheng Police Department.
and courts, taxation rights are transferred to the Bacheng General Taxation Administration, which only retains civil affairs functions such as marriage and birth registration, road and bridge public works, and cemetery allocation. In addition, all personnel are paid by the Military Control Commission, and bonuses are issued based on quarterly work performance.
At this point, the "Kapitan" system founded by the Dutch and continued for 174 years came to an end.
In fact, the emergence of Chinese Kapitan was a buffer zone established by Western colonists between themselves and the Chinese community, and through it they carried out economic plunder of the colonies. The main responsibility of Kapitan is to be directly linked to commercial activities.
The tax farming system established a financial foundation for the colonies to survive.
Zhao Xin abolished the "Kapitan" system and also abolished the "tax farming system". At the same time, he also broke the standard in Southeast Asia for selecting and appointing officials based on their economic status. It was from this point on that prominent Chinese businessmen and large-scale
Landowners lost their monopoly control over urban public affairs and were replaced by farmers' associations, labor unions, and chambers of commerce.
Let’s talk about the peasant association first. After all, in the 18th century, agriculture was the main component of the economy in both Southeast Asia and the interior of the Central Plains.
The establishment of local farmers' associations and the implementation of the "Farmers' Association Law" is a major event that Zhao Xin, Chen Qingsong and others have been planning for many years. Considering that Java Island has many differences in land area, number of Chinese, and personnel structure,
Bacheng did not completely copy Beihai Town's "Peasant Association Law". Instead, after two years of preliminary investigation, it formulated a separate set of administrative regulations that are completely different from those in inland areas. Zhao Xin plans to use Beihai in the future
This system is adopted throughout Southeast Asia to which the town belongs.
To put it simply, the main goal of the Bacheng Farmers Association at this stage is to promote new crops and livestock, handle the promotion of agricultural and breeding technology, the supply and marketing of agricultural and livestock products, and force farmers to save and other matters related to agriculture. The Farmers Association’s organizational structure
A three-level system was adopted to correspond to Beihai Town's three-level administrative system of governor-general, administrative office, and village in Southeast Asia. At the same time, the legal person of the Farmers' Association was concurrently held by the corresponding administrative officer of Beihai Town, thus extending the reach of Beihai Town's government management.
Deep into the plantations and countryside.
In the election of representatives of the farmers' association, first, each plantation holds a separate meeting of members of the agricultural group, elects a group leader, deputy leader, and member representatives present at the farmers' association, and recommends candidates for directors and supervisors; then a member representative meeting is held.
Elect directors and supervisors; finally establish a board of directors and supervisors, with the approval of more than two-thirds of the board of directors, and elect the director-general from member representatives.
According to official regulations, only those who are directly engaged in agricultural and animal husbandry production can become members of the farmers' association. All members must pay a membership fee of 10 Beihai yuan, and then 5 yuan per year. Those who cannot afford the money can be advanced by the Military Control Commission, etc.
The deductions will be made after the harvest is obtained. Of course the Chinese farmers do not want to pay, but the problem is that if they do not pay, they cannot join the farmers' association. If they do not join the farmers' association, they cannot get new crop seeds. The farmers' association is not responsible for the purchase and sale after the harvest.
In order to solve the problem of insufficient funds in the early stages of the establishment of the Farmers' Association, Zhao Xin allocated 500,000 North Sea dollars at a time through the Military Control Commission to establish a credit department in Bacheng specifically to serve members of the Farmers' Association, that is, a financial department that specifically serves farmers.
.In addition to providing loans to farmers to purchase seeds, tools, and fertilizers, it also provides services such as deposits and tax collection.
This chapter is not over yet, please click on the next page to continue reading! He plans to leave clan management, farmers' cultural education, welfare and health protection to the farmers' association after the farmers' association's profits expand in the future. The official position of Beihai Town is only the governor.
A supervisory board level at the district level remains in place to provide guidance on the direction of agricultural crop cultivation throughout the district.
Zhao Xin now wishes he could waste every busy minute he has every day. He no longer has time to go to the beach and be a straw hat boy. While carrying out drastic economic and political reforms in Javanese society, he is also in frequent contact with Kong Shaoan, who is guarding Jiaodong, anytime.
Pay attention to the land reform movement in Jiaodong.
The work teams sent to the countryside organized by the four counties of Jiaodong last year were actually very effective. The local military control commissions obtained a large amount of first-hand data, basically grasped the land conditions of each county and township, and also graded the wealth and poverty of each farmer.
.However, it’s not that simple later.
After Kong Shaoan obtained the data, he initially thought of launching a land reform storm in China in the 18th century, but he soon became entangled. Although the land in Jiaodong was barren, due to developed maritime trade and prosperous culture and education, most of the
Some landowners are not local tyrants and bullies, and many of them left the work team speechless after contacting them.
Secondly, because they have not suffered the impact of foreign civilization, the people's mentality cannot be said to be lax. The people of Jiaodong in these days are quite simple, and there is not much suffering and hatred. Although the countryside is very poor, the Confucian "loyalty, filial piety, benevolence and justice"
" is still the mainstream of people's thinking. In addition, the Beihai navy always attacks with fierce force, the Qing army is defeated at the first touch, and the countryside has not been devastated by the war. Therefore, for them, a change of political power in the world means a change of emperor, but they are still farming the land and paying for food.
.
Well, with its advanced military equipment and technology, Beihai Town did not need to mobilize a mighty million-strong army to defeat the Manchu Qing Dynasty. Therefore, it did not need to use the land reform storm to obtain a large number of soldiers to win the military struggle.
Because of this essential difference, it is not feasible to subvert the old ruling class through the struggle against the rural landlords and gentry. Therefore, the landlord class cannot become a symbol of evil in opposition to the new regime. If Kong Shaoan had
If we really want to start a land reform movement like that in another time and space, it may cause unexpected serious consequences.
His claws were numb now. The actual situation was different from what he thought. What should he do next? So in early July this year, which was the middle of May in the lunar calendar, Kong Shaoan followed the ship that transported scholars to participate in the scientific examination.
After a trip to Beihai Town, he made a special trip to Fuldan City to find his old superior, Chen Qingsong, for advice.
Chen Qingsong has invested most of his energy in agriculture in recent years, so he has a very deep understanding of traditional China's rural economy. You must know that whether it is a bankrupt bottom farmer or a gentry class, there are people in Beihai Town who can ask for advice. He was very early
He knew that Kong Shaoan would face difficulties, and these would also be common problems faced by Beihai Town after entering the customs. So he took an afternoon to have a good talk with the other party.
"... Xiaokong, it's been almost a year since you went to Jiaodong. Can you tell me what are the characteristics of China's economic structure in the feudal era?"
"(⊙o⊙)..." Kong Shaoan thought for a moment, and then said without thinking: "Self-sufficient small-scale peasant economy?"
"anything else?"
"It's closed, based on family units, and the land is controlled by landlords and bureaucrats."
"Well, what you mentioned is all from the book."
"Teacher Chen, I didn't study much history back then. I went to a technical secondary school..."
Chen Qingsong nodded. He is now in charge of the food supply for millions of people in Beihai Town. How could he remember these things?
"What you just said is a generalized answer. Let me give you my own opinion. The economic structure under the Manchu Qing Dynasty has three important characteristics: the combination of small agriculture and cottage industry among agricultural producers, and the occupiers of the means of production.
The trinity of landowners, merchants and loan sharks, as well as the combination of feudal power and industry and commerce. Specific to rural areas, it is land ownership, commercial capital and loan shark capital."
Kong Shaoan felt like he was back in the classroom again, writing furiously on a small book with a pen in hand, and listening to Chen Qingsong's talk with rapt attention.
"Our feudal system is fundamentally different from that of Europe. You see, the territories of the nobility cannot be transferred, so they sit in rural manors and use their feudal privileges, rent and taxes to exploit cities through agricultural products;
Merchants and loan sharks have mastered monetary power and exploited rural areas economically through commercial activities and loan sharking. This is called the independent development of land rights and monetary rights. The bourgeois revolution in Europe is essentially the separation of urban monetary rights and rural land rights.
struggle.
As for us, since the Northern Wei Dynasty began to implement the land equalization system, land began to be bought and sold freely. Well, the Yongye Field in the Tang Dynasty could be bought and sold. So, landlords, merchants and loan sharks became a trinity, controlling the land.
power, and control of currency power, completing the unification from production to circulation, so the landlord class is the main ruling class whether in cities or rural areas."
"Teacher Chen, I checked some data from the civil affairs. In the past few years, food prices in the customs have risen sharply, with an increase of up to five times. This is due to the war between the Manchu and us. Is it also related to the rise in land prices?"
"Yeah. You're right." Chen Qingsong continued: "If you can see this, it means you are using your brain. Yes, food prices are rising and land prices are rising. What does this mean? It means who owns more land.
, whoever has more food can also possess more social wealth. This is the same as hoarding houses over there. The competition for land and land annexation will become more and more intense. In this way, the landlord economy will become more consolidated and harmonious.
grow."
When Kong Shaoan heard this, he suddenly thought of He Shen. It was said that He Zhongtang's family was worth billions. He had 800,000 acres of land in his name. Now one acre of good land is at least 10 taels of silver. This alone costs eight or nine million taels.
.What if we add in the annual land rent and output? It’s chilling to think about.
"Xiaokong, remember what I said below. The fact that land can be bought and sold gives the landowners a unique growth function."
"Growth function?" Kong Shao Anxin said that people who have been leaders are different, they all use the same words and sentences.
"Yes, although there will always be periodic land crises and social unrest in history, which will deal a heavy blow to the landlord class, as long as the world is stable, they can clone themselves again according to the same model.
If you have been in Jiaodong for so long, you should know that nowadays land transactions can be divided into farm bones and farm skins, that is, the use rights, management rights, and permanent tenant rights are divided into western subdivisions, and then through the "Trinity" economic model, the landlord economy
It will only get stronger. I just said that the Europeans used monetary rights as a weapon to destroy land rights and feudal privileges. In our land, it has become a weapon to consolidate land rights and feudal privileges.
When I was a child, books often said that old China was called "three big mountains". At first I didn't understand why there were three mountains instead of four. I always felt that warlords should also be counted as one. The ancients said that what you see on paper will eventually make you feel shallow, but you will never know.
This matter needs to be done diligently. It was only in the past few years that I figured out what was going on."
"How to say?"
"As I said before, during the late Qing Dynasty, the landlord economy and the landlord class have always maintained a strong dominant position. After the invasion of Western imperialism, the landlord class, which occupied the largest part of the country's wealth, naturally became the target of their cooperation; and
When the imperial rule was in danger, in order to preserve their wealth, the landlord class would definitely join forces with the colonists. As a result, some businessmen, landlords and bureaucrats later became the predecessors of the national bourgeoisie, and this class was closely related to land rent exploitation in the countryside.
"Weakness has been inherent in the mother's womb. This is completely inseparable from the trinity of rural economic development."