When Qianlong died, he entered the period of national mourning.
Again, the Qing Dynasty inherited the Ming Dynasty system, and the emperor's funeral was similar to the Ming Dynasty, with some old Manchu customs added. For example, the succeeding emperor, princes, princes, officials, clans, and Jueluo all had to wear mourning clothes.
Their hair was cut off and braided; the concubines of the Daxing Emperor and the wives of the various kings were also ordered to change into mourning clothes, have their hair cut in front of their foreheads, and were not allowed to have haircuts for a hundred days.
In addition, there are also Lidan banners, which are embroidered with gold and nine dragons to summon souls. This flag evolved from the inscriptions in the funeral rituals of the Han people. If people in the capital of the Qing Dynasty held funerals, they only needed to see if there was a banner standing in the courtyard of their house.
The red soul-calling flag can distinguish the Manchus from the Han.
In the Qing Dynasty, the emperor's funeral was called "unfortunate rituals". This term comes from the "Li" of Zhou, which states that "using ominous rituals to mourn the country's worries". After the emperor died, all civil and military officials had to mourn for 27 days. Succession
During this period, the emperor could not use red pen when reviewing memorials, but instead used blue pen, which is called "blue batch". All ministries and yamen must also use blue seal for writing. Temples and Taoist temples in the capital must ring their bells 30,000 times, one thousand times a day.
Many times, I can make my brain explode.
During this period, if a folk woman gets married, it is called a "stealth marriage." The red sedan must be replaced by a blue sedan, and a few relatives can just close the door and have a simple meal, and they will never dare to make a big deal. Maybe some people say that
Why not postpone it? There is no way. The date has been set long ago, and that day is the most suitable. The ancients believed this.
Where the mountains are high and the emperor is far away, the effectiveness of the court's prohibitions will naturally be greatly reduced. The real pain is for the people in the capital. Every move is under the eyes of the court. They dare not do anything that violates the prohibition, otherwise the Shuntian Mansion Yamen will be locked up in minutes.
The most unlucky people during the Manchu mourning period were not ordinary people, but those princes and nobles who held high positions and enjoyed privileges. In addition to not being allowed to marry or have fun and banquets for twenty-seven months, they also had to endure an extremely harsh rule
, is called "pregnancy in national mourning", which means that pregnancy or even childbirth is not allowed during the period of national mourning.
This is a lifeless bastard's ass - a dead rule with no room for maneuver; if violated, the person will be deprived of a title at the least, or thrown into jail at the worst.
Someone said again, why don't I just tell the date earlier and hide away? Haha, do you really think those people in the Tai Hospital are just doing it?! Besides, there is no airtight wall in the world. What should I do? A bowl of blowfly soup
, specializes in treating new life... This is really not nonsense, cow flies are just traditional Chinese medicine.
If the princes of some clans cannot bear to have an abortion and give birth during the national mourning period, the child must be sent away quietly as soon as it is born and adopted by an ordinary family. Moreover, it will not be allowed to enter the royal ultimatum in the future, and it will not be allowed to enter the ancestral grave after death.
Even though the Manchu Qing Dynasty has been in a state of rapid decline in just a few days, Jiaqing is determined to do something big. He is trying to use this move to tell the world that although the Beihai pirates are causing trouble outside the customs and Jiaodong, the Qing Dynasty is still the world's leader.
Zhengshuo. It was very clear to both the government and the public that Qianlong's funeral was probably the last "grand ceremony" of the Manchu Qing Dynasty in the pass.
Because of years of huge military expenditures, coupled with the financial waste caused by Qianlong's excessive spending, the Ministry of Household Affairs had little surplus food. Of course, there is another important reason for this, that is, He Shen took a large amount of stolen money and ran away.
.
With no other choice, Jiaqing had to allocate two million taels of silver from the treasury of the inner government, and asked the Ministry of Rites, Luan Yiwei and the Ministry of Internal Affairs to jointly handle the funeral arrangements. He also issued a secret order to the governor of Liangjiang and the Guangdong Customs to quickly raise a sum of silver. The source was naturally salt. Shang and Thirteenth Line. Two million dollars were too much to spend. Just making mourning clothes and tents used 20,000 pieces of white cloth in one day.
According to regulations, after the emperor's burial, the Zi Palace must be parked in the Zhengdaguangming Hall of Qianqing Palace for twenty days, and then sent to a temporary enshrinement location for storage.
The palace where mourners are buried has another name, called "Funeral Palace". There is no unified place for funeral palaces. In Shunzhi, Kangxi's funeral palace was in Jingshan Shouhuang Hall, Yongzheng's was in Yongyou Hall of Yonghe Palace, and Qianlong's was chosen in Jingshan Guande Hall. Go east from Shenwumen, walk along Jingshan East Street, enter from Shanzuoli Gate and turn right. It takes a lot less walking than the Shouhuang Hall. Moreover, the filial piety and pure character of Qianlong The queen, who was Fukang'an's aunt, was laid to rest here after her death.
There is no fixed time limit for the coffin to stay in the funeral palace. It mainly depends on the time when the mausoleum is completed. It can be as short as a few months or as long as a few years. A lot of preparation work must be done before burial, such as repairing the road from the capital to the mausoleum. , bridges, and Mancheng and Ludian for overnight stays during funerals were erected along the way. Dongling Tomb is more than 200 miles away from the capital, and it usually takes six or seven days to walk. Such a long distance, the huge coffin cannot be transported by car. It must be carried by someone. There are usually thousands of coffin bearers, divided into 60 classes, with 128 people in each class. In addition, there are 4 people in each class as substitutes.
Of course, there are so many pole pullers who cannot be professional pole pullers. Except for the captains of the first and last two classes, the rest are all selected from the young men in the counties in the suburbs of Beijing. Before burial, they must be gathered in Desheng On the open ground outside the door, a drill is carried out, which is called "kang performance". There are many rules for performing the kong. The kong puller needs to use many crisscross wooden poles to carry a wooden plank that is the same weight as the coffin; the center of the plank should be placed. A bowl filled with water is considered qualified if the water does not splash out of the bowl when traveling.
In addition, envoys from foreign vassals, princes from Mongolia, and Burkes from Xinjiang all have to organize groups to come to Beijing. With this gap period, it is also convenient to express condolences.
In another history of time and space, Qianlong's coffin stayed in Guande Hall for six months before being buried and enshrined.
However, just as the court was busy with work, Lifan Yuan Shangshu Liubao made a statement, saying that this time more than half of the eighteen vassal states would not be able to come to Beijing to express their condolences to Emperor Daxing. Jiaqing immediately became anxious. , the envoys from foreign vassals are not here at all, what kind of celestial dynasty is this?
But after he summoned Liu Baosheng, he quickly understood what was going on. It was so embarrassing!
Not to mention Ryukyu, the rulers and ministers only followed the lead of Beihai, and the sea trade in the northern and southern oceans was booming. They said they would go east and never go west. The Li Dynasty had just signed an alliance under the city not long ago, and suffered heavy losses. It didn't give Li Zou ten courages. They dare not cling to the Manchus anymore. Moreover, the Northern Navy is attacking the Liaodong Peninsula, and the road to the Li Dynasty is blocked, and the envoys cannot pass through. There is no problem in Myanmar, but if He Lin raises the flag and goes against the imperial court, the tribute route will be cut off.
Then there are the six vassal states in the west of Xinjiang, including Aiwuhan, Bukhara, Kokand, Badakshan, Bulut and Kazakh Khanate. Now that Kokand has invaded, southern Xinjiang has become a mess. The Northern Navy also occupied Xinjiang East Road and Urumqi, cutting off the road to Yumenguan, which would be very difficult.
There was no chance for the east or the west, and in the end only eight vassal states were left in the south. Because Gorkha was annexed by the Qing Dynasty, those who could come were the Xishan Dynasty, Nanzhang, Siam, Sulu, Chemengxiong, and
Kanjuti, Lukba and Ladakh.
In addition, in Khalkha, except for a few great lamas who live in the capital for a long time, other princes and princes are "guests" in Beihai Town. There is definitely enough money to gather two tables of mahjong; the Burkes from Xinjiang can't come, let alone be taken to Beihai Town.
The Hami king Erdesir was put under house arrest.
The Qing court still doesn't know that Beihai Town is going to send troops to Guangdong and Guangxi to capture Nanning Prefecture. By then, the Xishan Dynasty, Nanzhang Dynasty and Siam Dynasty will probably not come. Although they can disembark from Guangzhou by boat, the Central Plains Dynasty will change its owner.
The momentum is so obvious, who is still rushing to embrace the lap of a dying dynasty?!
However, the bad news does not end there. Entering the seventh month of the lunar calendar, the four regiments of the Northern Navy from Shandong Province, after capturing Laizhou Fucheng and Pingduzhou City, crossed the Jiaolai River to the west, like a pair of giants from the northeast and southeast.
Like a pincer, they surrounded Changyi on the west bank of the Wei River. As for the 40,000 regiment led by Liu Yong, they had just arrived in Changle due to food and grass problems, and their troops were stationed on the west bank of the river.
On the sixth day of July, a messenger sent by Shengjing General Shu Liang arrived in Guangning after many hardships. Because the post road to Fengtian had been cut off by the Northern Navy, he went through Xinmin, and then passed through Xiaosanjiazi and Wuliang Hall.
Wu Lushan, a rogue doctor, circumvented the blockade of the Northern Navy. Two days later, late at night, the messenger arrived in the capital and brought news that shocked the government and the public. Tens of thousands of the Northern Navy had surrounded Fengtian Mansion, and Fuling and Zhaoling had been captured.
adversary.
After Jiaqing succeeded to the throne, he issued an order to wake him up no matter how late it was as long as it was related to military affairs. When he saw Shu Liang's blood letter, he was in great mourning and immediately asked the eunuch to tell several military ministers to nourish his heart.
Because Qianlong's period of spiritual suspension has not yet ended, several military ministers could not return home, so they stayed in the huts inside the Longzong Gate at night. Although the conditions were worse, they did not have to travel to and from the Forbidden City.
Not long after, when the exhausted Wang Jie, Qing Gui and Dong Gao followed the eunuch who delivered the order to the West Nuan Pavilion of the Yangxin Hall, they saw Jiaqing with a flushed face standing in front of the desk, writing something with a pen.
The three of them wiped off their horseshoe sleeves and were about to kneel down and kowtow in greeting, when they heard Jiaqing say: "Without courtesy, I will grant you a seat. You read the booklet first, and I will finish writing before I speak."
"嗻!"
Several people bowed, took the fold from the eunuch, and sat tremblingly on the carved porcelain pier to watch. Among the three, Wang Jie was the oldest, and he was also the bachelor of Dongge University and the crown prince's Taibao. He had the highest status, so he
Watch first.
Those who could be ministers of military affairs were all thoughtful people. The three of them were silent after reading the memorial. From time to time they stared at the emperor who was concentrating on writing. The only sound in the palace was the monotonous clicking of the chiming pendulum.
After a while, Jiaqing put down his pen, took the towel handed by the eunuch, wiped his hands, and asked: "Wang Jie, is your foot disease better?"
"Go back to the Emperor!" Wang Jie cleared his throat and said: "The illnesses of dogs and horses that I have are all old diseases, and they can be cured in a short time! Thanks to the blessing of the emperor, I have used the frankincense given by the emperor, and I am much better."
By the way, the "foot disease" that the ancients often referred to actually refers to the difficulty in walking caused by gout. Frankincense is a very important ingredient in the medicine for treating gout.
Jiaqing nodded and said to Qinggui: "You don't look very good. Don't be reluctant to part with the ginseng I sent yesterday. There is still some in the Imperial Pharmacy."
Qinggui coughed a few times and replied: "I feel so ashamed that the emperor cares about me even though I have a minor illness! I have nothing else to think about. In short, I just want to do my best."
Jiaqing sighed: "Don't say that. In the final analysis, your illness is caused by the battle with Zhao Ni."
After that, he asked the eunuch to hold up the piece of paper he had just written on to the three of them, and said: "After reading the memorial, I occasionally felt something in my heart, so I wrote this poem. The three of you are all great scholars in the world.
, let’s see if what I wrote is acceptable?”
The three of them looked at it carefully and saw what was written on the paper: "The civil and military officials of the entire dynasty wear brocade robes, and I have nothing to do with them. A cup of fine wine will bring the blood of a thousand people, and several bowls of fat soup will bring a lot of ointment. When people shed tears, heaven sheds tears, and smiles
Where the voice is high, the cry is loud; the cattle and sheep are given to the wolves as herders, and the emperor's kindness is fulfilled to serve as your cao."
Damn it! This poem is definitely more embarrassing than a full-blown curse. Every sentence is filled with vicious rebuke and sarcasm, whipping people's hearts like whips, leaving bloody traces. The three ministers all blushed before they finished reading.
His face turned red and he could no longer sit still. He hit his horse sleeves and knelt down on the ground, saying in unison: "I (minions) are guilty! Please punish me severely, Your Majesty!"
Jiaqing waved his hands and said: "This matter has nothing to do with the three of you. I am still not virtuous enough, so please get up!"
Having said that, how dare Wang Jie and the other three get up! They are also wearing brocade robes, and they are also military ministers who assist in managing Yin and Yang. At present, the imperial court cannot even protect Fengtian Mansion, and no one can escape this responsibility.
"It has been more than 150 years since the founding of the Qing Dynasty. Since the founding of the Central Plains, our ancestors have been deeply benevolent, loved the people like sons, and had saintly virtues and benevolence. How can they be compared with those of the previous Ming Dynasty? Huang Kao admires the ancestors of the Holy Ancestors
Entrusted me, I have worked hard for decades without daring to hesitate. Although there are people like He Shen who are arrogant and lawless, greedy and have hindered important military and state affairs, there has never been any cruelty by the emperor to harm the people. Why is it now that even the ancestors started to prosper?
The land is not guaranteed either?!”
As Jiaqing spoke, tears welled up in his eyes. His words contained helplessness, grievance, and desolation. Can the Qing Dynasty still be considered a "Qing Dynasty" without Shengjing?
The Dajin Kingdom established by the Jurchens died in Mongolia in the north in the 119th year of its founding. Now, in the 158th year of the founding of the Qing Dynasty, it will also die in Beihai Town in the north. Is this the curse of the Jurchens?
This chapter is not over yet, please click on the next page to continue reading! On August 9, 1794, the siege of Shengjing City entered its eighth day.
Since the Northern Navy captured Tieling and took control of the Juliuhe Post Station, the Qing army, led by General Shu Liang of Shengjing, fought repeatedly with the Northern Navy in the Puhe area. Their purpose was to open up a post road to Guangning, otherwise they would forget
If you want to hold on, the supply of food, fodder and military supplies will be exhausted sooner or later if you can't keep up.
The Northern Navy responsible for blocking only had more than 2,000 people, while the Qing army had 15,000 troops. But facing the Northern Navy's hedgehog-like circular position and the airtight rain of bullets, Shu Liang pinched his teeth and decided
Fighting at night.
Although he had long heard that the Beihai Navy had a "magic weapon" that could make the night as bright as day, he had never seen it with his own eyes, so he was still unwilling to accept it. Moreover, according to the reports from the sentry, although the Beihai Navy's positions were dark at night,
There is bright light, but it is not so bright that it can be seen for miles.
So just like the Qing generals who faced off against the Northern Navy in the past, Shu Liang selected more than 2,000 men who were not afraid of death from among his troops, and each of them had their horses bound and hoofed, and went to touch them from the southeast. At the same time, he sent
More than 3,000 people launched a feint attack on the north and northeast sides of the position. They used cannons, cannons, muskets, and raised their guns to greet each other. They also beat gongs and drums loudly, which was considered the ultimate achievement.
However, when the sneak attack troops entered three to four hundred meters away from the position, a dozen dazzling white lights immediately lit up from the Beihai Navy, followed by a hail of bullets and bullets. It was too late for the Qing army to launch an attack. In the end, more than two thousand people only
More than 400 people fled back.
The most capable and daring warriors of the Eight Banners were almost dead. Shu Liang no longer had the courage to confront Bei Haijun. He simply withdrew into the city and blocked all the other gates except for the small south gate, trying to pull back the enemy.
The lives of more than 100,000 Han people and banner people in the city were buried with him.
One hundred and fifty years ago, when millions of Manchus entered the customs, the population of Shengjing dropped sharply. At its lowest point, there were only more than 1,000 households in the city and more than 4,000 people. In the following days, as the Han people fled the customs and fled, the population
, and the implementation of the policy of resettling bannermen to return to their hometowns to cultivate land. By 1771, the population of Shengjing exceeded one hundred thousand. And now, in this eighteenth-century city covering an area of nearly 12 square kilometers, the total number of soldiers and civilians has exceeded
160,000.
Shu Liang's abacus is to let the Beihai Navy put the brakes on the rat, and it will last as long as one day. Aren't you preaching about caring for the people? Aren't you bragging about not taking a needle and a thread? Okay! Then I will let the old, weak, women and children stay on the city wall, if they have the ability.
Just shoot and fire.
In addition, he also asked his men to lead the Han people in the city out of the small south gate every day, demolish the houses and shops outside the city, transport wood and bricks back to the city, and even take back the grass on the roofs to use as horse feed.
Faced with this situation, Zhao Xin and Deng Fei decided to temporarily besiege and not attack after discussion. Even if the city wall of a big city with 160,000 people was blown down and the troops rushed in, it might become a mess.
.There are two key nodes at present. First, capture Jinzhou and cut off the Qing army's retreat outside the Pass. The second is to wait for the follow-up troops and a political team of more than 2,000 people to arrive, and then launch a general attack on Fengtian City, so that the city can be taken over.
It will also be much smoother.
There are three post roads connecting Shengjing City with the outside world, namely Shengjing to Shanhaiguan, Shengjing to Xingjing - Hetuala, and Shengjing to Jilin. So the Beihai Navy set up blocks on these three post roads.
, and extended along the clips to both wings, constructing trench fortifications that stretched for nearly twenty miles.
Between the fortifications and the moat, there is an irregular vacuum zone, with an average depth of three or four miles; except for the two water fences more than ten feet wide at the southeastern wall, which lead directly to the Hun River. There are eight city gates in the vacuum zone
There are gates, houses, shops, temples and Taoist temples, vegetable fields, groves, sorghum fields, etc. Although there are some relatively intact houses among them, many people who fled to the city and could not enter the city had to live in houses without roofs.
shelter.
During this period, the Beihai Navy outside the city used loudspeakers to repeatedly broadcast announcements urging the Qing army to surrender every day. The Manchu version and the Mandarin version were played three times in the morning, noon and evening. The most important thing is that the Beihai Navy did not set up loudspeakers on the position, but
The wires were pulled to a position four to five hundred meters away from the Shengjing city wall, and then the speakers were placed on trees or on roofs to annoy the Qing troops in the city.
At the beginning, the Qing army even organized a sneak attack team to descend on the city at night in an attempt to destroy that annoying loudspeaker. Unexpectedly, the people in the Northern Navy reconnaissance camp had been prepared, and the drones hovering in the sky could really see it.
.Basically, nine out of ten Qing troops who left the city were unable to return and became prisoners obediently. After two times, even a fool understood that this was a trap waiting for him to infiltrate, no matter how much reward he offered.