No one can be seen in the empty mountain, but people's voices can be heard.
Returning to the deep forest, the light shines on the moss again.
——Wang Wei in "Deer Chai"
…
After talking about the mountain-making techniques, let’s talk about the shape and layout of the mountains.
Taifu Xu said: "The principle of the layout of Duoshan is to 'learn from nature'. The layout of the plane pays attention to 'from the principles, the meaning of the expression, and the spirit of expression'. 'Principle' means that the layout conforms to the factors such as eye distance, angle of view, line of sight, and field of vision."
Landscape rules. 'Yi' refers to the conceptual conception of the layout, and the spatial composition should have the artistic conception of the unity of nature and man. 'Qi' refers to the garden should have the mood of poetry and the charm of splash-ink landscape painting.
The key points in the composition of the facade are: first, clear priorities and order; second, staggered ups and downs, twists and turns; third, transformation of reality and reality, echo of light and shadow, density, and combination of size. 'Drawing with deep meaning, lingering feelings about hills and valleys;
At the foot of the mountain, the natural terrain is rugged; the soil is formed into hills, but the shape of the stones is not clumsy; the platform is suitable for the pavilion, inviting the moon and clouds; the path is made into a path, looking for flowers and willows. The stones are piled near the pond, and they are roughly tamped and used properly;
The mounds of soil on the mountain range can be seen from different heights. If you want to know the mystery of the mounds of soil, you can also imitate the subtleties of the marble. The meaning of the mountains and forests is profound, and the love between flowers and trees is easy to tease. What is true is false, and what is false becomes true. A slight hint of heaven's secrets
, it’s all about manpower; it’s good to explore and invest, comrades’ instructions.'
The shapes of stacked stones in mountains include flat mountains, deep mountains, and high mountains, as well as peaks, ravines, and valleys. According to the shape, color, texture, texture and other stone properties of the rocks, the garden architects stacked them to create the shapes of mountains and streams, expressing the
The majestic, ethereal, graceful, simple, elegant and other postures show a majestic and majestic aura, or show the artistic conception of empty valleys with orchids and birds singing in secluded mountains.' The square piles rise stubbornly and gradually become chapped.
And add; Thin and leaky are strange, exquisite and clever. The cliff is more valuable than the upright; the cliff makes the back solid. There are countless rocks, mountains, caves and caves, ravines, ravines, slopes and rocks. There is no difference between them.
The scenery is full of emotion when you raise your head. The roads are winding and long, the peaks are beautiful and ancient, there are many scenic spots, and the mountains and forests are so close, the beauty is that you can find one person."
Taifu Xu combined the rockery in the courtyard and finished the story of laying mountains and stacking rocks.
Li Xuexuan's intention was still unfinished and she said: "Master, no garden can be made without stones and water. You have finished talking about the 'mountain shaping' in gardening, and now it's time to talk about 'water management'."
Taifu Xu stroked his beard and smiled and said: "Okay, okay, if you want to listen, I will tell you. There are not many young people who are interested in 'cleaning mountains and managing water'."
Confucius said: "Water has five virtues: virtue, righteousness, Tao, courage, and law. A gentleman must observe it when encountering water." The mountain is calm, the water is active, the benevolent man is happy in the mountain, and the wise man is happy in the water.
Laozi said: 'The best thing is like water, which benefits all things without fighting.' 'No one in the world is softer than water, and no one who attacks the strong can defeat it, because it cannot be easily defeated.'
Zhuangzi said: 'The nature of water is pure if it is not mixed, and flat if it is not moved; it cannot be clear if it is closed and does not flow. It is also a sign of heaven's virtue. Therefore, it is said: pure but not mixed, calm and unchanging, light and
Do nothing, move and move, this is the way to nourish the spirit.'
"Ode to Water" by Dai Kui of the Eastern Jin Dynasty: "The virtue of water is light and moderate, and the inner mirror of spring is mysterious; it is gentle and loves humbleness, and it is harmonious and harmonious."
Because water has so many symbols, literati and poets have attached great importance to water since ancient times and expressed their feelings through gardens and courtyards. For example, pavilions and pavilions are built near the water: "Going through the bamboo to the west, out of the water, there are stones to sit on.
If you can wash it, it is called the place where Zhiqing is clear.'
The key to managing water is: 'If you want to build a pavilion in a high place, you can open a pond in a low place. The most important thing to build is from the water surface, and the source is the first to establish the foundation.' Use freehand techniques to build waterscapes. Lakes, pools, rivers and other still water are the main scenery, supplemented by
With streams, springs, waterfalls and other moving water scenes.
Generally speaking, water features occupy a large area of the garden. Pavilions, pavilions, rockeries, trees, etc. are all built around the water. The water system in the garden connects the entire garden scenery together to form an overall style.
In addition, in Feng Shui, water is an important element, and the design of the Feng Shui pool determines the safety and well-being of the home. Feng Shui layout has its own unique principles. As the saying goes: 'The water that comes in must have no trace, the water that goes out must have no trace, and the water that comes and goes must leave no trace.
The water must turn. If it does not turn, build a bridge to cross the water. If the water is harmful, build a tower to control the water.'
'Water is invisible but has all shapes', and its attributes such as twists and turns are like the blank spaces in landscape paintings, which stimulate people's imagination. Through the water management method of 'big water should be divided, small water should be gathered', the illusion of space can also be created
, to achieve the effect of 'seeing the big in the small, scattered far and near'."
Li Xuexuan asked curiously: "Tai Tuo, 'Big water should be divided, small water should be gathered'?"
The Taifu said: "The big water is equivalent to the view of the lake. The Xineiyuan where your Huben Army Women's Camp is located is divided into three seas by embankments and bridges. The West Lake in Hangzhou is divided into the inner lake and the outer lake by embankments. The sun sets in the west, the mist is vast, and the sky is bright and cloudy.
Shadow. There is no other poem that describes floods more than "Preface to Prince Teng's Pavilion". Prince Anti wrote: "The clouds are gone and the rain is falling, and the color shines brightly in the area. The sunset and the solitary swans fly together, the autumn water is the same color as the sky. The fishing boats sing in the evening
, the sound echoes along the shore of Qiong Pengli, the formation of wild geese frightens the cold, and the sound breaks the shore of Hengyang.'
The small water is equivalent to the water in the courtyard, aggregated into a piece, supplemented by rockery, lotus and other flowers and trees. In summer, water lilies bloom, and the green lotus reaches the sky. It has the moonlight of the lotus pond, and the lotus flowers are like fish swimming.
The water surface of the private gardens of famous families is also quite large, which can be described as medium water. It is divided by islands and the water space is divided according to local conditions. Usually there are these types of paradigms: one pool and three mountains, winding water and drinking wine, Feng Shui pattern, small bridge and flowing water, playing the piano and listening to the waterfall,
Fish watching in Huagang,
Among them, 'one pond and three mountains' is a classic paradigm of water management in gardens, especially royal gardens. Most of the water in royal gardens is a living water source. It imitates mountains and rivers through islands and embankments, creating a landscape of 'one pond and three mountains'.
I went wild to the rivers and lakes, and drew pictures along the moon in a small boat. A few waves of light connected with the liquid, and the shadows of thousands of lamps scattered in the pots. It is doubtful of divine power to move mountains and shrink the earth, widen the path and open springs. The trees are surrounded by dangerous pavilions, and the lake swallows the boat.
Suddenly west and east. If you want to travel in the rivers and lakes, you must take a flat boat. The lake is so vast that it can swallow a "painted boat" and scatter "thousands of lanterns".
There is often a stone boat beside the island in the middle of the lake in the royal garden, which symbolizes the eternal stability of the country. If a wealthy family builds a stone boat, it is trespassing and will be accused of treason.
"Qushuiliu Shang" is a party game originated in the Eastern Jin Dynasty. At that time, wars continued, and scholars and officials retreated to the mountains and forests to pay attention to the mountains and rivers. They chose a winding stream in the valley and stream, sat down by the stream, and placed wine glasses in the stream.
, let it float down the river. When the wine glass floats to someone's side and stops, that person has to drink up the wine in the glass and recite poems to cheer up. Therefore, it is named "Qushuiliu Shang". Wang Xizhi's "Preface to the Lanting Collection" describes this
Scenes.
Later generations turned the "Meandering Water Drinking Bottle" into a paradigm of water management. Through the twists and turns of the waterway among stacked stones, flowers and trees, they imitated the seven sages in the bamboo forest who drank and composed poems, pursuing the free and elegant style of the ancients.
'Small bridge flowing water' is also a common model courtyard. 'Moving bamboos as windows and dividing pears into courtyards' uses trees to reveal the scenery and separates the courtyard. 'Building bridges across water' uses curved bridges to increase the level of the water surface. Pools and water are separated by mountains.
The island is far away and hazy, and the confusion gives rise to imagination. In the elusiveness, the island becomes a fairy mountain, and the people turn into banished immortals. As the saying goes: 'It is better to be away, to be close than to be far, and to explain it all, it is better to make people imagine in the infinite ears.'"