Since the First Crusade, many Crusader countries have been established in the East. People in Europe call the places where the Crusader countries are located overseas, and the Crusader countries are also called overseas countries.
The peak of the Crusades was in 1113. With the help of another round of European jihadists, the Wessex dynasty that ruled Egypt conquered the entire Egypt. Previously, with the help of the Crusaders led by the Polish king who wanted to get rid of the crime of killing his brother,
They were able to conquer Cairo, and now the whole of Upper and Lower Egypt fell into their hands. After that, there was a period of calm in the overseas lands.
During this period of time, overseas countries were busy consolidating their countries, settling immigrants from Europe, and eliminating dangers on the pilgrimage roads. The overseas lands were prosperous for a while.
Due to the smooth flow of sea and land routes, there is an endless stream of pilgrims and immigrants heading to overseas places. Many of them have settled overseas, and the Crusader countries are very welcoming of this. For them, after all, only Latin people
It's considered reliable.
There are also more and more Latins in overseas places participating in such immigration activities, but they all have one characteristic, that is, except for the big inland cities, these immigrants are all distributed along the coast.
Among the many immigrants who went to the Holy Land, the English were undoubtedly the most special group. They came here to defect to the Wessex family. In Britain, Egypt was equivalent to a New England, attracting Normans.
The Anglo-Saxons, dissatisfied with the rule, went.
However, the war did not end because of the constant flow of armed pilgrims arriving by sea and land. These nobles and civilians wanted to fight for God in the Holy Land, and the Crusader countries could not just leave them there, because
They knew very well that these Crusaders were an important part of the army and an important source of finances for the Crusader countries.
As a result, crusade activities known as "village-burning summer camps" appeared overseas. Once a large-scale crusader arrived or the number of people accumulated to a certain level, the crusader countries would launch an attack on Mu.
Sometimes the wars waged by the Sri Lankan forces are directed against the Islamic tribes in the desert, and sometimes they simply burn down the Islamic villages that are unwilling to obey.
Later, as the first generation of leaders of the Crusaders passed away, conflicts between the Crusader countries increased, and the jihadists had new uses. However, as the Crusader countries discovered that this would only consume the jihadists.
After their will and energy reduced the number of people coming to fight, they urgently stopped these activities. After all, armed jihadists came here for jihad, not for these secular conflicts.
As for the internal strife in overseas countries, due to the complete defeat of the Islamic forces, the Crusader countries faced very little pressure. Under such circumstances, the internal strife naturally became serious.
A large number of Muslims have been expelled from various power structures, and the Catholics centered in Alexandria intend to let them completely occupy the ruling class. This has led to Egypt's domestic conflicts becoming more and more serious day by day. Under such circumstances
Next, Saladin has arrived.
In 1158, the Abbasid Caliph's fleet conquered Yemen, where he left behind a young Kurdish general, Saladin bin Ayyub, and an expeditionary force composed of Kurds and Turks.
The Catholic world was already involved in a war with the Eastern Empire at this time. Therefore, the news of the loss of Egypt did not cause much ripples, and not many Western reinforcements arrived.
At this time, Saladin also had his own troubles. His power was so powerful that it reminded the Abbasid Caliphate of Fatima. Saladin spent a lot of time to regain the recognition of the Caliph, because he knew that,
The caliph's appointment is his source of legitimacy.
After discovering Assassin's new actions, this made the struggle of the Foreign Society more difficult and made them more notorious. They would even arrest and torture a certain Crusader because they thought it was too easy for a Crusader to gain glory.
, although spies can sometimes be caught in this way, more often than not, it is an injustice.
The leader of the Third Crusade undoubtedly belonged to Frederick, the monarch of the Holy Roman Empire. Later generations called him Redbeard. This emperor was Andronikos' lifelong enemy. In the cruel justice (Catholic-
In the Orthodox War, he made the greatest achievements against Andronikos, and thus enjoyed strong prestige in the entire Catholic world.
During this period of time, Jerusalem had been slow to respond to Egypt. Although they sent troops to Egypt from time to time, they always believed that this stalemate would last for a long time. Therefore, it was not until the entire Egypt was lost that the kingdom responded and sent troops.
But it's already too late.
On the other hand, Saladin's reconquest of Egypt made him a hero in the entire Islamic world, and he also increased his efforts and began to seize Damascus. If he could capture this city, he would be one step closer to regaining Jerusalem.
So Frederick died, and people found him drowned in a basin the next day, and a deputy commander of the Knights Templar disappeared. It was only a long time later that people found out that the man was Assassin's
spy.
However, the siege of Jerusalem was much more difficult than in history. After the Kingdom's army was destroyed, the Holy Army, which was composed entirely of civilians, now controlled the situation in the Holy City. They evacuated the entire city of civilians before the battle began, and then in Jerusalem
Everywhere is filled with fodder, and all plans are destroyed at the most critical moment.
The King of France and the Emperor of the Holy Land came to the Holy Land in person. They brought with them 40,000 troops, all of whom were professional soldiers and had no civilians. After joining the local Crusaders, their strength reached 70,000.
However, the days of peace did not last long. News of the loss of the Holy Land quickly spread back to Europe. The Catholic world, which had just ended the two-year war with Andronica, became agitated. A strong doomsday theory began to spread in the world.
It was spread among the crowd that the theme of these remarks was that Christians were killing each other, which is why such things happened in the Holy Land. Now if you want to save your soul, you can only take back Jerusalem.
Frederick died at the hands of the Assassins. Although the Foreigners belonging to the Kingdom of Jerusalem have been fighting against the Assassins over the years, they have never been able to truly defeat them, and Assassin has also changed his behavior.
mode, they consciously collect Latin orphans and mixed-race children, and then train them as spies and send them back to lurk.
After that, Saladin used this place as the center to fight against the Catholics of Alexandria. It was not until 1174 that the struggle for Egypt came as the Catholics voluntarily withdrew from Alexandria and went to Cyrenaica to establish the Kingdom of Cyrenaica.
And end.
The defeated Crusaders returned to their country, and blows followed. Shortly after sending away the European Crusaders, Andronikos, the newly succeeded Emperor of the Eastern Empire, expressed a strong anti-Crusader stance. He besieged and perished.
He conquered the Kingdom of Syria and divided Syria among the Abbasid Caliphs.
This defeat was undoubtedly a fatal blow to the Crusaders in the Holy Land. It took the Kingdom of Jerusalem ten years to recover from the war, and this period of time provided an opportunity for one person's activities. At that time, they could not imagine that Ah
The governor sent to Yemen by the Basilifa Caliphate turned out to be the biggest enemy of the Crusader Kingdom in the future.
After finally stabilizing the caliphate, Saladin also discovered that the leper king of Jerusalem was dead, so he started a journey to destroy the Kingdom of Jerusalem.
Young Saladin took Mecca and Medina as his immediate targets. The Islamic holy city area was devastated due to previous wars. When Saladin's army arrived, it didn't take long for him to tame Mecca and Medina.
of nobility.
Andronikos's death a year later and the church's reconquest of Rome added credibility to these remarks. In people's eyes, the tyrant's death was God's punishment, and it just so happened that with Androni
After Card's death, the new government of the Eastern Empire announced that the Crusaders would be allowed to pass through their borders, and the Third Crusade officially began to take shape.
At this point, he had to thank Andronikos. If it had not been for the high pressure brought by the Eastern Empire monarch, his cruel repressive methods would have led to rebellion throughout the country, instead of allowing him to tame the country.
There is nothing to say about this war. Due to the fierce fighting between the Catholic and Orthodox worlds, the Kingdom of Jerusalem could not get any external reinforcements and could only rely on its own strength. When their field army was annihilated by Saladin, their end came.
Already.
Before the Caliph left, he gave the young man a lot of power and allowed him to develop in the west on his own. The Caliph knew very well that due to the existence of the Eastern Empire and the Crusaders, Baghdad was completely out of reach of things in the west, and the expeditionary force sent could not control it at all.
It was also unable to effectively provide resources, so we simply decentralized power.
This trend of thought aroused strong repercussions in Europe, and eventually led to the Second Crusade. This Crusade coincided with a good time. Manuel's ascendancy made the article prohibiting the Crusaders from passing through the Eastern Empire.
The order was invalidated, and the Crusaders could continue on this old path.
During the Crusader Civil War, the Abbasid Caliphate, which could have posed a great threat to the Crusaders, was defeated by Yelu Dashi in the Battle of Katwan, which led to the blind actions of a series of warlords and careerists in the Caliphate.
As a result, the caliphate was unable to fight against the infidels.
The actions of the Foreign Society did create a lot of trouble for Assassin, but after countless attempts, Assassin finally succeeded in sending their spies into the upper echelons of the Crusaders, and now, they have activated this secret line.
Frederick's death caused disarray in the military camp, and Saladin, who received the signal, launched a full-scale counterattack. The Crusaders outside Jerusalem collapsed. The Crusaders suffered an unprecedented defeat, even the defeat in the pagan holy city.
Compare it to that.
The young leprous king of Jerusalem defeated him, and Saladin almost escaped with his own life. The biggest impact of this battle was that Saladin believed that the time was not yet ripe to destroy the Kingdom of Jerusalem, so he chose to make a truce with the Kingdom of Jerusalem.
The Civil War of the Crusaders ended with the strong intervention of the Eastern Empire, and finally ended with the Kingdom of Jerusalem and the Eastern Empire joining forces to destroy the so-called Kingdom of Syria that annexed most of Syria. The Holy Land finally ushered in a period of peace.
When capturing Damascus, he mainly relied on the cooperation of the Baghdad Caliphate. The Caliphate launched an offensive from the north, forcing the troublesome Holy Army to move north with all its strength, and then he captured Damascus.
In 1185, Saladin recaptured Jerusalem. Compared with the various cruel behaviors of the Crusaders in history, Saladin's behavior undoubtedly formed a sharp contrast, which made his moral character praised throughout the world. Of course, some people criticized him for being too cruel.
Too kind, but these have nothing to do with him, he only needs to enjoy the glory of this moment.
The bravery of the Muslims brought them sweet rewards. The Crusaders finally collapsed before the determined Islamic warriors. The glory of the Crusaders ultimately failed to overwhelm the Crescent. In the eyes of later generations of historians, this
This was the beginning of the reversal of the offensive and defensive momentum in the East.
Under such circumstances, Saladin could only avoid the danger temporarily and retreated to Jerusalem to wait for a turnaround. The Crusaders also began a fierce siege. However, just when everyone thought that the fall of the Holy City was only a matter of time, Frederick died.
.
Under such circumstances, after a series of tough battles, Saladin could only agree that the Crusaders could leave the city while retaining their flags, and could also take with them the civilians who wanted to die with the Holy City in exchange for not allowing them to
Destroy the city.
In comparison, Philip of France and Richard of England were both junior and minor players - although they themselves did not think so.
But what he never imagined was that this young man, who gained such a powerful position solely because his uncle sacrificed his life to save the Caliph, would regain Jerusalem in the future.
The Third Crusade gathered a total of 120,000 troops, more than half of which came from Emperor Frederick. During many years of high-intensity war with the Eastern Empire, this monarch twisted the empire into a rope and became unruly.
The tame northern Italian states now bowed to the emperor, so the power that the Holy Roman Empire unleashed was terrifying.
Now Assassin has highly cooperated with the Abbasid Caliphate. If not for this, they would not have the resources to cultivate so many Latin and mixed-race dead soldiers spies. In order for their spies to obtain high positions in the Crusader Kingdom, the Caliphate would even
Take the initiative to let some troops "sacrifice".
But this peace did not last long. When John II died, the Kingdom of Syria was successfully restored. Many people regarded this as God's grace. After the fall of the Kingdom of Syria, the Catholic world had an idea, that is,
All this was due to their infighting and impiety, for which they needed to atone.
But his strength was still very limited. Saladin knew that if he wanted to truly gain the power to confront the Crusaders and even recover the Holy Land, he had to capture Egypt.
As this army successfully arrived in the Holy Land, the pressure then came to Saladin's side. There were 120,000 people, and he had not yet been able to pull out the Crusaders' coastal strongholds - because the number of Latins in the Kingdom of Jerusalem was larger than the number of Latins in the Kingdom of Jerusalem.
There were too many in history, so the Latin Kingdom firmly guarded the coast.
Naturally, the Kingdom of Jerusalem could not stay away. They went north to resist the "tyrant of Constantinople", but the result was that the Orthodox army came to the city of Jerusalem, and the army withdrew only after the Kingdom of Jerusalem surrendered.
The Islamic world has also been mobilized. The Abbasid Caliph personally led a large army to besiege Syria to relieve the pressure on the south. The place where the prophets rose in the past is now filled with jihadists from all walks of life. Both sides will fight for their beliefs.
In this way, the 70,000-strong army marched into the desert. Their logistics were handled by the Red Sea Fleet of the Kingdom of Egypt, and they fought all the way to the home of the pagans. This conquest caused unprecedented agitation in the Islamic world. Jerusalem was actually just the Islamic religion.
The third holiest place, Mecca and Medina are the first and second holiest places.
Saladin's arrival was warmly welcomed by the local Islamists, while the Copts were unwilling to help each other. Under such circumstances, his army was welcomed into Cairo almost as soon as it entered Egypt.
The battle that broke out next was known to the world as the Battle of the Bloody Field. The two sides gathered 100,000 troops in this battle, and 30,000 corpses were left behind after the war, more than half of which were Christian.
The County of Aleppo became an important instigator of internal strife. The descendants of Tancred first took advantage of the extinction of the Principality of Antioch to seize the country, and then launched a war against the County of Edessa, which in turn led to the Kingdom of Jerusalem.
Joined the battle to defend his vassals, and for a time the entire East was at war.
Under such circumstances, a powerful trend of thought arose in the Crusader countries, that is, God needs us to engage in holy war to destroy the homelands of the pagans, namely Mecca and Medina.
Since Egypt was conquered by the Wessex dynasty, internal conflicts have been intensifying. The Kingdom of Egypt is characterized by the fact that Muslims and Copts still account for a large proportion of the ruling class. Originally, Edgar William
When Sykes was still there, these conflicts were still under control, and the parties could reach a compromise under the leadership of Edgar. But after his death in 1155, the conflicts completely broke out, and the fanatical Catholics
took control of the political situation.
The loss of Damascus made the Kingdom of Jerusalem immediately panicked. It was the only Crusader country in the Holy Land that still existed. But when Saladin led his army into the Kingdom of Jerusalem and planned to regain the Holy Land, he suffered a disastrous defeat.
Cairo did not encounter massacres during the Crusades. When faced with the siege of the Crusaders, the city directly chose to surrender. Therefore, only some looting occurred at that time, so the main population of the city was still Muslim.
Forest.
After the war, the King of France left the Holy Land with many French and Germans. Only the King of England stayed to fight. Although he once caused a lot of trouble to Saladin and there were many good stories of sympathy, the Crusaders
The main force has finally left, and he doesn't have much room for movement.
Richard finally left with disappointment, but it was also difficult for Saladin to eliminate the Latin forces in the Holy Land. On the coast of Palestine, the number of Latins there exceeded 300,000 at least, and now they were defeated by the Holy Army.
After intensive organization, Peter's dream finally came true.
Saladin also had to face a new problem, that is, with the decline of the Eastern Empire's power in Syria, his old employer, the Abbasid Caliphate, could successfully invest military forces in the west. He also had to face the ruler of Baghdad.
Woolen cloth.
But in any case, the war has come to an end. The dispute in the Holy City has been temporarily stopped with the signing of a peace agreement by both parties who could not stand the war. Everyone knows that this is just a war that lasts from ten to several decades.