After returning to the capital, Li Yuxian seized the time to help Einstein improve and demonstrate the mathematical part of the paper.
Einstein did ask many mathematicians in history, some famous and some less famous.
On the one hand, Einstein often missed mathematics classes during college, which resulted in deficiencies in mathematics; on the other hand, even if he was good at mathematics, he might not be able to know what mathematical tools correspond to specific physical theories.
The relationship between mathematics and physics is naturally very close, but there are many differences between the two. Knowing which mathematical tools to use requires a certain degree of scientific intuition.
Relying on the traveler's forward-thinking vision, Li Yu was able to make correct judgments.
Everyone knows that the special theory of relativity must use the Lorentz transformation. Lorentz himself must have a high level of mathematics. He can be said to be a scientific all-rounder. His research scope is very wide, such as classical mechanics, electrodynamics, optics, gas theory, and liquids.
Theory, solid state theory, special relativity, general relativity, radiation theory, quantum theory, etc. Just reading this series of names makes people feel tired.
Almost equivalent to Kumarajiva in the world of physics.
Moreover, he won the Nobel Prize in 1902 and is a very famous figure in the current European scientific community.
Many universities offered him an olive branch, but Leiden University in the Netherlands where he studied immediately raised his salary to a very high level and successfully retained a generation of masters.
And Einstein, a temporary third-level clerk, had no chance to talk to Lorenz.
Speaking of which, at least at this point in time, it is more difficult for Einstein to meet Lorenz than to meet Planck.
In addition to reputation issues, there are also differences in concepts.
Lorentz came up with the Lorentz transformation, which was based on classical physics, and his thoughts still included the absolute view of space and time.
But he got the correct result almost by "guessing".
It sounds like it is no different from ordinary middle school students. Even the super awesome physics masters Lorenz and Planck sometimes have to rely on the most primitive guesses.
But what I guess is more high-end.
Lorenz believed in "ether", and he came up with the famous Lorentz transformation, which was originally intended to prove the ether.
In this process, he has actually come infinitely close to the threshold of the theory of relativity.
But unfortunately, because he did not jump out of the wrong concept, he ended up just using mathematical methods to prove that the ether would shrink and expand...
This does not mean that his level is not good, it is completely limited by the times.
"Relativistic time" is easily understood by everyone in later generations. Although Lorenz had deduced the time variable, he only called it "local time" and did not understand that it was the time in another reference system.
Later, the Michelson-Morley experiment was repeated in countless laboratories and proved to be correct. Lorenz still did not want to give up the ether view, so he added a scaling factor to his formula. He did not know how he came up with it. There was no
A little foreshadowing, and suddenly it came out.
But with just one swipe, he hit the target.
In order to match the formal unity of Maxwell's equations, Lorentz also added this coefficient to the time variable introduced previously, which is the final form of the Lorentz transformation.
Therefore, it can be seen that the reason why Lorentz was able to derive the Lorentz transformation was completely forced and helpless because he wanted to correct the gap between the latest experiments and classical physical concepts.
But this gap is no ordinary gap. To explain it clearly, we really have to abandon the foundation of classical physics.
The result is that his method is like using geocentric theory to forcefully explain the theory of planetary motion.
Although strictly speaking, since movement is relative, there is nothing wrong with doing this, but the process will become very, very troublesome.
His paper looks dizzying and complex.
Einstein’s own mathematical level was limited... he was too difficult to be a human being!
Fortunately, once the perspective of relativity is introduced, it is like replacing the geocentric theory with heliocentric theory, which instantly reduces the difficulty of calculation by several orders of magnitude.
It took Li Yu two days to complete the revision and argumentation of the paper. For future generations of physics students, it would be as simple as an ordinary homework.
The special theory of relativity itself is not very difficult, and it does not even use higher-end mathematical knowledge such as differential geometry. It cannot be compared with the general theory of relativity more than ten years later.
After completing the revision, Li Yu sent the letter.
On the same day, the experimental equipment sent by the great masters Planck and Carl Siemens also arrived.
The postage is really not cheap, but Carl Siemens has paid for it in advance.
Currently in Europe, when it comes to academic centers, Germany is undoubtedly the number one, and the news is basically the most timely.
They probably got the information. Li Yu was nominated for this year's Nobel Prize. If he actually won the prize, he would be awesome.
After all, with Röntgen, Lorenz and Lord Kelvin nominated together, the chances are very high.
By that time, Li Yu's academic reputation can be considered to have truly achieved a super leap. Carl Siemens would be happy to sell him some favors.
——
After learning that he was going to the United States, Beizi Pu Lun was very excited.
Pu Lun's ancestor was Yongxuan, the eleventh elder brother of Qianlong, who almost became emperor.
Qianlong was so capable that in his later years, only the eleventh and fifteenth elder brothers had the chance to inherit the throne.
However, Qianlong may have felt that the eleventh elder brother was too fond of literary creation and was full of literati. He thought of Cao Zhi and Song Huizong, so he finally gave up on him ascending the throne and chose the fifteenth elder brother, who was later the Jiaqing Emperor.
All in all, by the time it was passed to Pulun, this lineage had no political status, so Pulun worked harder on other aspects. Being able to represent the royal family abroad was a very honorable thing, and there might be a big reward when he came back.
He is quite self-aware and knows that he does not understand the situation in the United States. Fortunately, he chose Huang Kaijia, one of the first batch of young children studying in the United States, and Li Yu, who is very famous in the scientific community.
He immediately prepared to summon the two of them at his house.
Li Yu first gave the manuscript to De Ling and she polished it.
De Ling was used to it and even gave Li Yu a box of pastries from the palace.
Li Yu smiled and said, "I feel sorry for letting you work and giving me something back."
De Ling said: "Anyway, it's not for nothing. The money I got from translating such a small thing has been much more than I expected."
"Then I'd rather obey your orders than respect you. I'll definitely bring you some delicious food from the United States later."
Li Yu took the pastries and opened the exquisite box. Inside were the finest dragon beard cakes and poria cakes.
Then let Zhao Qian drive to Datian Shuijing Hutong where Pu Lun is located.
The Hutong is located in the Wangfujing area, close to the roots of the Imperial City.
The alleys in this area are relatively narrow, and cars can only move forward slowly. There are many people watching, and the speed cannot be increased at all.
When passing Wangfujing, the speed is even slower because there are many vendors and shops on both sides.
Zhao Qian had no choice but to keep honking the horn.
But this move was still unfamiliar to people in the late Qing Dynasty.
Several people walking side by side were startled, ducked aside, and bumped into another person.
The person who was hit immediately became angry, glanced at the person who hit him, and cursed: "Don't you have eyes?"
The person who hit the person apologized quickly, but the person who was hit refused to forgive: "Look at how dirty you are, do you know how much my clothes cost? If they are dirty, I have to pay for it!"
The bumper and his companions quickly said: "Sir, we didn't mean it. You have a lot of money, so don't be like us."
Unexpectedly, the person who was hit actually raised his foot and kicked him: "You little bastard, you can pay as much as you want, so much nonsense!"
Several people suddenly blocked the path of Li Yu's car.
Li Yu asked Zhao Qian who was driving: "Why are they so cowardly?"
Zhao Qian whispered: "Sir, look at the waist of the man who was hit."
Li Yu glanced sideways and saw that he was wearing a red belt, and immediately understood: "It's Jueluo."
Jueluo is the most distant branch of the royal family.
They were separated as early as the Nurhaci era, and they could not use the Aixinjueluo family names such as Yi, Zai, and Pu.
The reason they were asked to wear belts was to show their identity.
According to the regulations of the Qing court, such people are really not allowed to be beaten or scolded, so they are a bit arrogant.
However, this person is obviously the most common ordinary idle Jialuo. Apart from being a "hardcore farmer" who can earn money, there is no big deal.
The vast majority of Jueluo people actually had a pretty average life, earning only a few taels of silver per month, and the Qing government did not allow Manchus to do business, so they had no good livelihood.
What is in front of you is just a red belt. If it is a yellow belt, it means that you are a descendant of Nurhachi, or it may be a more recent one. Anyway, the closer the time is, the higher the status.
Li Yu said to them: "Can you make way first?"
Red Belt tilted his head and said, "Why should I give way?"
Li Yu said: "I have to go to Beizi Pu Lun's appointment. I'm afraid it won't be good if I'm delayed."
The red belt asked: "Master Bei Zi? Is it true or false?"
Li Yu took out the invitation: "Can I still have a holiday?"
The red belt is really scary at first sight.
Above their kind of enlightenment, in order:
The distant clan is the descendant of the Nurhachi brothers, but they cannot use the imperial title.
Only the descendants of the Kangxi clan can use the imperial title.
The modern sect branch, the descendants of Jiaqing, are the most recent.
In total, Pulun is not considered a recent "modern sect", but his ancestor, the eleventh elder brother, has a higher status, so his status is relatively high in comparison.
The red belt then moved out of the way. When the car drove past, Li Yu winked at the people who hit him. They immediately understood and ran away while the car was in the middle.
Red Belt cursed loudly, but he could no longer catch up.
It was already late when we arrived at Pu Lun's house.
When Li Yu entered the door, he first saw Huang Kaijia, and then Pu Lun also came out to greet him: "I have seen the emperor's master."
Li Yu said: "I'm really sorry, I came down late."
Pu Lun said: "It's not too late, it's not too late. Come and sit inside."
Pu Lun ordered his servants to serve tea, and then asked: "The Imperial Master is a big shot who has traveled to the West many times and alarmed the West; Dounan (Huang Kaijia) is a person who has lived in the United States for many years. With you accompanying me, I feel much more at ease."
Already."
Huang Kaijia said: "It must be the emperor's master who has broad knowledge. When we went to Europe with Zai Zhenbeizi before, I was deeply impressed by him, so the World Expo party cannot do without the emperor's master."
Huang Kaijia was one of the first batch of young children studying in the United States. He was one year older than Zhan Tianyou and entered Yale University. However, he was recalled without receiving a degree.
"Brother Dounan, you're welcome," Li Yu said, and then asked Pulun, "What are the items Bei Ziye is planning to exhibit?"
Pu Lun said: "There are tea, porcelain, silk, and, according to the request of Minister Connor, a royal palace model was made as a reference for my palace."
Connor actually wanted a model of the Forbidden City, but Cixi didn't agree and had to choose a palace.
The exhibits were as expected.
Li Yu said: "Since it is a World Expo and it lasts for a long time, with many participating countries, we can showcase more arts, such as Peking Opera."
Pu Lun asked: "Do foreigners also like this?"
Li Yu said with a smile: "Minister Connor just organized a cultural salon at the embassy some time ago. The famous actor Yang Xiaolou performed on the stage. All the ambassadors liked it very much."
"Do you even like them?" Pu Lun was a little surprised, "In that case, let the Tongqing class accompany us."
Anyway, it was the imperial court that paid for it and rented at least half of the ships, so we could definitely attract more people.
Li Yu continued: "In addition, there is a sports meeting called the Olympic Games in St. Louis. You can bring some athletes with you to participate."
"Olympics?" Pu Lun had never heard of this word.
Li Yu repeated: "Olympics."
Pu Lun shook his head: "I don't know!"
Li Yu had no choice but to explain to him a little more: "The Olympic Games, oh, it is the Olympic Games. It is a large-scale international sports meeting, and its status in the future will be no less than that of the World Expo. Moreover, this is a grand event related to peace."
The Manchus have always admired riding and archery in the past and were very interested in sports. Although most Manchus can no longer draw a bow, they still imagine the era of fighting and iron horses.
Well, it only exists in imagination.
Pulun is also more concerned about "peace". After all, he is a very self-aware person. He is not only self-aware of his own position, but also self-aware of the current international situation. He will definitely not be able to defeat him. Peace is what the Qing court currently wants.
But in the international situation, peace is not something you can just talk about. Like the Russo-Japanese war, when we were fighting at home and we had to swallow our anger and beg for neutrality, that would be a bit much.
Peace is something that can only be achieved by fighting. Bismarck’s words sum it up well: The truth is only within the range of the cannon.
After listening to Li Yu's explanation, Pu Lun felt that it was acceptable to be so close, so he agreed to take Zhang Boling with him.
Li Yu achieved his goal and chatted with Pu Lun for a while. He completely agreed with Pu Lun on other matters.
After leaving Pu Lun's mansion, Li Yu immediately told Yang Xiaolou and Zhang Boling the news.
Yang Xiaolou was very confused: "Can foreigners understand Chinese?"
Li Yu said: "I definitely don't understand."
Yang Xiaolou said: "Then they don't even know what the play is about?"
Li Yu nodded: "I don't know."
Yang Xiaolou said awkwardly: "What's the point of this?"
Li Yu said: "It's simple. You choose the repertoire in advance. Foreigners will definitely not be able to choose the opera themselves anyway. Then write the opera text on cardboard and have someone hold it up and type it out while the opera is being performed."
Li Yu flexibly used subtitles in stage plays.
But it’s a good idea to think about it, after all, movies are about this level now.
Yang Xiaolou clapped his hands and said: "The Emperor's brain is really good!"
Li Yu added: "It would be better to write a synopsis of the story and let the American audience see it before singing. The effect will be better."