The east and west cities of the Yehe tribe were actually not too far away from the original, and were roughly not far to the southwest of Siping City in later generations (Yehe Town, Tiedong District, Siping City).
The West City was originally called "Yehei Village". Because it was built earlier than the East City and is located on the west bank of the Yehe River, it was called the Old City or the West City. It was the residence of Chu Kongge of the Yehe tribe and his descendants Qing Jiali. It was first built in the 10th year of Jiajing.
Three years later, it was expanded and reinforced by Jiali of the Qing Dynasty, and it became one of the symbols of Ye He. The city is divided into an outer city and an inner city. The outer city is surrounded by mountains on three sides and faces water on one side. The plane is oval. The city walls are made of earth and stone.
, more than one foot high, with a circumference of about a thousand feet. There are two gates in the east and west, and the terrain inside the city is flat.
The East City was originally called "Taizhu Village". It was built later than the West City and was located on the east bank of the Yehe River, so it was called the New City or the East City. It was the eldest son of Chu Kongge of the Yehe tribe, Taizhu (also known as Taichu or Taichu), and the second son, Taitanzhu.
It is the residence of his descendants Yang Jiniu and others. It was first built in the 25th year of Jiajing reign and was expanded and reinforced by Yang Jiniu to become what it is today. The city is also divided into an inner city and an outer city. The outer city is surrounded by water on three sides and backed by mountains on one side.
The plane is square with rounded corners, the city walls are made of earth and stone, and the circumference is more than a thousand feet, slightly larger than the West City.
On this day, large armies gathered in both the east and west cities. The two Baylors each ordered a thousand elite cavalry, gathered together with some of their cronies and sons, and raised their flags with great force and marched south, preparing to enter the Ming Dynasty through Beiguan and fight with them.
Gao Pragmatic, governor of Liaodong in the Ming Dynasty, discussed the issue of mutual trading in Kaiyuan horse market under the new situation.
The so-called Beiguan is actually the city of Shangjianfu, also known as Shanyanwohe City, or Baishi Mountain City. It was built by Niyaniyaka, the third son of the old Beilechu Kongge of Yehe tribe. It was built by Niyanyyaka and his descendants Yan
Zhu, where Nantai and others lived. Because it was close to Zhenbeiguan of the Ming Dynasty, people in the Ming Dynasty called it "Beiguan".
The reason why this city was built was to provide a post house and intermediary for the Jurchen tribes who lived far away in the Songhua River, Heilongjiang and Tumen River basins to Kaiyuan Mashi Kechang, from which they "obtained the benefits of the host", so it was called Shangjianfu City
.
In the early Ming Dynasty, the earliest horse markets established in Liaodong included Guangning Horse Market (Yixian Tuanshanbao), Beiguan Jurchen Horse Market in Kaiyuan Town, Kaiyuan Guangshunguan Jurchen Horse Market, Kaiyuan Xin'anguan Dadama City,
Fushun Horse Market (east of Fushun City).
In the later period, Kuandian Horse Market, Aiyang Horse Market (Fengcheng), and Qinghe Horse Market (Shijiabao after Kaiyuan) were established.
Among the Bama cities in Liaodong, Kaiyuan alone accounts for four of them. Among them, Zhenbeiguan, Guangshunguan and Xin'anguan are the largest, and they are known as the "Three Passes and Three Cities" in northern Liaoning.
It can also be said that Kaiyuan Horse Market was the longest-lasting and largest border trade market in Liaodong during the Ming Dynasty.
Why did Yehe, Hada, and Jianzhou develop rapidly in the original history? It was mainly due to the three passes and three cities in Kaiyuan. Gao Pragmatic came here in the name of inspecting military equipment and horse markets, but in fact it was not just a talk.
, he does have some thoughts about Kaiyuan Horse Market.
Kaiyuanma City was founded at different times. Zhenbei Guanma City was founded in the fourth year of Yongle, Xin'an Guanma City was founded in the second year of Chenghua, Guangshun Guanma City was founded in the 15th year of Chenghua, and Qinghe Guanma City was founded in the 15th year of Chenghua.
The market was founded in the early year of Wanli. In addition, the market outside the south gate of Kaiyuan City was founded in the second year of Chenghua.
"Market" is a modern economic term, but these two words have existed since ancient times. In ancient times, the trading of items was called a market, and the place where the goods were traded was called a market. Therefore, "market" was often preceded by the name of a certain item, such as Kai
Yuanma City, Fushun Wood City, etc.
As a rule, the horse market in the Ming Dynasty was controlled by the government and was very strictly managed. The Chief Secretary of Shandong, the Bureau of Inspection (as mentioned before, the administration of Liaodong was subordinate to Shandong), Kaiyuan Bingbei Road, etc. all sent officials to supervise in person.
According to the regulations of the market, no weapons are allowed. "Only horses and main products must be sent to the place where they will be inspected by officials for inspection." The horse market must open on the specified time.
The original regulation was, "Kaiyuan opens once every month from the first day to the fifth day of the lunar month." Later it was stipulated, "It opens twice from the first day to the fifth day of every month, and from the 16th to the 22nd." Those who enter the market,
If you hold the "Edict" issued by the Ming Dynasty government, you will get the approval of the Ma City officials.
"Customs Clearance Preferential Treatment".
Like Xuanda, although the horse market is controlled by the government, it is also divided into two types: the official market and the private market. The market where the Ming court purchased military horses is called the official market; the private transactions between the border people and the Han people are called the private market.
city.
The commodities they trade include horses, deer antlers, mink skins, ginseng and other products from the Jurchen people; there are many products from Han areas, especially iron farm tools and other production materials and various daily necessities.
The Horse Market in Kaiyuan area is managed and taxed by the Horse Market Office in Kaiyuan City; the military guard station is responsible for maintaining order around the market.
In the early days of the opening of the market, barter was used, and later currency transactions were gradually implemented. The currency was mainly copper coins of the Ming Dynasty, but also included the direct use of silver.
For a long time, the Jurchens have participated in the horse market trade, not only from the Yehe, Hada, Ula, Huifa and other tribes, but also from ethnic minorities in Heilongjiang, Songhua River, and Tumen River. In the early years, Jianzhou Jurchens also came here to enter the market.
, later, because of the establishment of other places, Kaiyuan was dedicated to the business of the four parts of Haixi.
Well, there are actually some in Mongolia, but the government does not recognize them, or in many cases they turn a blind eye and let the Mongolians trade in Kaiyuan under the banner of Jurchens.
In fact, although Mongolia is nomadic, the areas close to the Ming Dynasty also have farming tendencies to varying degrees, which require not only farm tools such as plowshares, but also daily necessities such as cotton cloth, salt, and iron pots. The most important thing is that the cattle they produce
, horses, sheep, leather and other goods had nowhere to sell, so they also very much needed the Ming Dynasty to open trade in the western border of Kaiyuan.
This time, the reason why Nuantu and Huantai intervened in the war between Ye He and Hada is very directly related to the horse market trade.
The key point in this connection is that the current distribution of edicts is unreasonable.
Originally, according to earlier regulations, the Haixi Jurchens owned a total of 999 imperial books, and the Jianzhou Jurchens owned 500 imperial books.
However, when Wang Tai called "Ten Thousand Khans" in Hada, the Hada alone had about 700 edicts - what does this mean? "Two out of three parts of the world"? It's almost time to start eating alone!
This chapter is not over, please click on the next page to continue reading! The strength of Ye He's tribe is no longer weaker than Hada at this time, but Ye He only has more than a hundred edicts, how can he bear this? Who has replaced Qing Jia Niu and Yang Ji Niu,
They all have to fight with Hada, right?
But this is only the reason why Ye He and Hada must start fighting, and the reason why the Mongols intervened has not been made clear.
Why did the Mongols get involved in this matter? When you look at the map, you will know: the Yehe tribe happened to be between Mongolia and Hada, separating them, so the Mongols wanted to obtain the consent of the Hada tribe and use the Hada tribe's
According to the imperial edict, it is very difficult to conduct horse trading with the Ming Dynasty. The best and easiest way for the Mongols is to follow the "path" of the Yehe tribe.
But the imperial edicts in Ye He's hands were limited, and they were not even enough for his own use. How could he "rent" them to Mongolia? Hada had many edicts, but they couldn't be given to the Mongols. Besides, the Hada Ministry had previously relied on the care of the Ming Dynasty, and was very angry.
It is relatively high, and the "rent" collected in the imperial edict is not very reasonable - to put it simply, it is expensive, so the Mongolians are not very willing to take the Hada route.
What should we do? There are two ideas: the first one is simple and crude, just conquer Ye He directly, and then trade with Ming Dynasty under the guise of Ye He.
This method may seem childish, but in fact it is completely feasible - the current Duoyan Sanwei are no longer the Wuliangha Sanwei of the past, but they still trade with Ming Dynasty from time to time under the guise of the old times. Ming Dynasty has always pretended
What Zuo doesn’t know is that Ming Dynasty is not stupid either. You always refuse to trade with others. If others can’t survive, they can only come and rob you. That is causing trouble for yourself for no reason.
Therefore, from the perspective of the Ming Dynasty, it does not matter who will trade with each other. What is important is to control the scale and frequency of mutual trade, so that people can barely survive, but not too well.
Of course, Gao Pragmatic disagrees with this view. When he controlled Tumut through the mutual market in Xuanda, he did not rely on these at all. He relied on his strong economic strength to directly affect Tumut's life and death to achieve his goal.
.
However, this method requires very high "capital", and it was indeed impossible for Liaodong to do it before Jinghua entered the country in a big way. Just like there will be a "financial monopoly capitalist empire" in later generations, that country can plunder the world.
But not everyone can build a "financial monopoly capitalist empire", and it requires extremely strong capital.
The capital of the official market in Liaodong is far from enough in Gao Pragmatic's eyes.
"If you want to open a horse market, you must first identify those who want to enter the market." There is no need to elaborate on the Han nationality. The imperial court allocated funds to Taipu Temple, an organization that manages horse affairs, and distributed funds for purchasing horses to Guangning, Kaiyuan and other horse markets. The scale is average.
It is tens of thousands taels of silver, up to one hundred thousand taels or two hundred thousand taels.
In other words, the capital in Liaodong was only two hundred thousand taels at its highest.
Two hundred thousand taels seems to be a lot of money - if it is used to buy grain, it is indeed a lot, and this has been passed by long ago. There is no need to elaborate. But in fact, if two hundred thousand taels are used to buy horses alone, then
Not much - just 10,000 horses.
Although 10,000 horses is not a small number, if compared with today's Xuanda, this number is not enough, because just from the three towns of Xuanda, Da, and Shanxi, last year from Tumed and Ordos
The number of horses bought in hand is as high as 37,000!
This does not include cattle and sheep. If cattle and sheep are also included, then the scale of Liaodong... is really worthy of eating farts.
So to put it simply, there is a problem with the system, causing the actual trade volume to fail to meet the standard of required trade volume. Therefore, the Jurchens and Eastern Mongolia are all impatient on this issue, in order to compete for the points approved by the Ming Dynasty.
The volume of trade means that if you hit me, I will hit you, it will make you lose your mind.
The idea of using imperial edicts to control trade quotas, and thus control the strength gap between Jurchens, is not a brainless idea, but it is too easy to "go out of tune" during the actual operation. Many times, if you don't get it right, you will be dragged down.
——For example, the beating of the Hada tribe this time dragged down the Ming Dynasty in the original history, forcing the then governor of Liao (first Li Song, then Gu Yangqian) and Li Chengliang to directly suppress Ye He, and even in the end
Send troops directly to attack Ye He.
Li Chengliang was still strong at that time, and he did defeat Ye He, but that led to a series of variables. For example, Ye He defeated Hada first, so that Hada's strength never recovered, and Li Chengliang turned around again
After Ye He was basically defeated, Nurhachi took the opportunity to develop, and later defeated Ye He's "nine-unit coalition". At this time, the situation in Liaodong was already out of control.
In fact, Ye He formed a coalition of nine armies at that time because Ye He found out that after he suffered a heavy beating from the Ming Dynasty, his former younger brother Nurhaci actually became powerful and seemed to be tending to replace him. In order to keep the position of "Lord of the Jurchens"
Regarding the position, I had to meet with Nurhaci to find out the truth.
This incident happened to happen during the period when the Ming Dynasty was fighting Japan to resist Japan and aid Korea (the 21st year of Wanli). Liaodong was completely powerless and could only watch the two sides lose strength through a battle on Gule Mountain.
twist.
In that battle, Nurhaci defeated the coalition forces of nine Jurchen tribes including Ye He of the Haixi Jurchen tribe in the area of Gule Mountain (later northwest of Gulou Village, Shangjia Township, Xinbin County, Liaoning Province). This battle was a turning point in the history of the unification war of the Jurchen tribes. It broke the
It formed the military alliance of the nine Jurchen tribes and changed the power balance between Jianzhou Jurchen and Haixi Jurchen, indicating that the core of Jurchen power began to shift from Haixi to Jianzhou.
What's worse is that at this time, Ming Dynasty had just fallen into the quagmire of Korea and fought for seven or eight years. After the war, when I looked back at Liaodong...oh, Nurhachi couldn't control it anymore.
However, Nurhachi was still afraid of Li Chengliang, Li Rusong and his son at that time - in fact, he may not know that the Li family army suffered huge losses in the Korean battlefield at this time, so he continued to remain humble to the Li family, and very shrewdly asked Li Rusong to focus on the Mongols.
side.
This chapter is not finished yet, please click on the next page to continue reading the exciting content! It turns out that Li Rusong himself had an accident and died in a battle with the Mongols. At this time, Nurhachi was a little ready to make a move.
But after Li Rusong's death, the Li family's background has been exposed. They are no longer the Li family army who could fight whoever they wanted in Liaodong. Therefore, the Ming Dynasty successively replaced the Liaodong general soldiers, but the Li family was not convinced again.
, several general soldiers were made lose temper, and in the end they had to move Li Chengliang out again to "suppress Liao for the second time."
Li Chengliang actually had no momentum at this time, but fortunately his prestige was still there. Nurhachi had worked under him for several years when he was young, and he was very impressed, so he did not dare to make mistakes. He waited until Li Chengliang died, and Nurhaci felt that this time
No one could suppress him, so he raised his troops with the Seven Great Hatreds, and the Liao affair became impossible.
In this whole process, the key point seems to be that Nurhaci was lucky, while the Ming Dynasty was unlucky. In fact, this can only be said to be one aspect. In fact, there is a problem in the system, or in the Ming Dynasty's method of controlling the Jurchens.
The biggest problem with the Ming Dynasty's control plan is that it often requires oneself to take action. This is very irrational in Gao Pragmatic's view. It only facilitates the Liaodong generals to "gain credit", and when Liaodong's own strength is constrained by other things, or
If your strength is greatly reduced, this method will no longer work.
Therefore, this time, although Gao Pragmatic also wants to attack Ye He, after all, Ye He is too strong now, his fundamental purpose is still to adjust the policy.
Suppression is suppression. After a stick is passed, sweet dates will also be given.
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Spoiler alert, Nurhaci is going to kill his father-in-law soon... Hahaha!
