When this person is on one's side, every Mongolian will feel a hundred times more confident; but when he is on the opposite side, almost every Mongolian will feel a chill in his heart.
One person's bravery cannot actually determine the victory of a war, but Mongolians worship heroes. In this Mongolian society where cold weapons have not yet been replaced, heroic figures like Tuotuo will always have extra charm and prestige.
What's more, Tuotuo's reputation does not come entirely from his personal martial prowess. In fact, his achievements are equally brilliant. In his more than thirty years of fighting career, he followed Ada Khan to fight thousands of miles away, from Monan to Mobei, from Monan to Mobei.
From Saibei to the Western Region (Oara), from Wuliangha to Qinghai... He has never been defeated in a single-handed battle.
Not to mention that in the last battle in Monan, Tuotuo's performance was perfect. Apart from Gao Pragmatic, the de facto commander-in-chief, he was the most dazzling.
For such a person, when he appears in such a situation where he beats a drowned dog, who of his enemies can wait calmly instead of losing all their courage and being heartbroken?
When Totuo's flags and Tumut cavalry appeared in all directions, bringing with them billowing yellow dust, everyone from Boshu Ketu to the ordinary Ordos cavalry lost their courage in an instant.
Landmines are very powerful, and the Ming army is getting stronger and stronger, but these are not terrible, because as long as you rush out, you will have a way to survive.
However, the Totuo that appeared at this time was the most terrifying, which meant that the Ordos Division had lost the basis of its pride in this battle - mobility.
We are all Mongolian cavalry. Tuotuo is not only highly capable, but also ready to work. How difficult is it to kill them, a group of Ordos cavalry who have suffered heavy losses? Even if it is not said to be easy, I am afraid it will not take much effort.
What's more, Ma Gui's words just now still ring in his ears. Who knows that there are a large number of thunderbolt artillery buried nearby, waiting for them to crash into them?
Qataiji's encirclement narrowed rapidly, and he himself ran to the front of the formation at once, saluted Ma Zongrong not far from Ma Gui, then reined in his horse and stood still, took out the Golden Arrow Token from his arms, and pointed at
Boshu Ketu raised his head and shouted: "Boshu Ketu, you can recognize this thing!"
Boshu Ketu naturally recognized it, but he was really unwilling to answer. The veteran beside him quietly stretched out his leg and gently kicked the stirrup on his right foot, and reminded him in a low voice: "Jinong?"
Bosho Ketu sighed and shouted to Chatterji: "Uncle Toto is here to kill me?"
Qataiji said loudly: "Tuotuo has already sworn allegiance to Tumut Khan in this life. If Han Naji Chechen Khan did not order me to take your life, I will naturally not kill the descendants of the Golden Family!"
Boshu Ketu laughed and shouted: "In that case, what order did my good Aha give you to attack the following people and surround the Jinong Department?"
Qataiji also laughed when he heard this, and then suddenly suppressed his smile and said coldly: "Boshu Ketu, I want to teach you that Chechen Khan has begun to convene the Kuritai Conference to discuss whether to depose your Jinong.
position! Although the conference has not yet been convened, he has decided to suspend your power to support farmers. I am here with the order to bring you back to Huacheng and wait for the convening of the conference!"
The expressions of Boshu Ketu and even the veterans around him changed drastically. Boshu Ketu said angrily: "I have not only been serving as a farmer in the Ordos tribe for a long time, but I am also the deputy Khan of the Great Mongolia. How could he call Han Naji
If you waste it, you can waste it!"
"Jinong" is the transliteration of the Mongolian Jinong. It was translated as "Jinang" and "Jineng" in Chinese books of the Ming Dynasty. It is a Chinese loanword derived from the word "King of Jin" in the Yuan Dynasty (Note: In fact, it was not until the Qing Dynasty that
It is translated as "Jinong", but in this book it is called "Jinong" to adopt a well-known usage).
After Kublai Khan came to the throne, he abandoned the old capital of Mobei, Haranhelin, and built Dadu and Xanadu as the two capitals of the Yuan Dynasty. Although the Great Khan and his court left Mobei and the political center of the Yuan Dynasty moved south, the hinterland of the Mongolian Plateau served as the capital of the Yuan Dynasty.
The place where Zulongxing and the four great offices of Genghis Khan are located are still the fundamental places of Mongolian rule.
In order to strengthen his rule over the fundamental land of Mobei, Kublai Khan implemented the system of using princes to guard Mobei and rule on behalf of the Great Khan. In the third year of Zhiyuan (1266), he named his second son Namuhan the King of Peiping (later changed the title to
King Beian) Zhenlingbei.
After Namuhan's death, in the 29th year of the Yuan Dynasty (1292), Liang Wang Gan Mala was renamed King of Jin and established the town of Mobei. He "commanded Taizu's four great gourmets and military horses to reach the territory." All the kings of Mobei
Thousands of households are under its control.
In this way, a pattern was formed in which the emperor of the Yuan Dynasty, who was also the Great Khan, ruled the world from both capitals, and the King of Jin went out to control Mobei, representing the Great Khan to guard the four great offices of Genghis Khan and control the thousands of households in Mobei.
After the death of Gan Mala, his son Yesun Tiemu'er succeeded the Jin Dynasty. After Chengzong's death, Yesun Tiemu'er ascended to the throne of the emperor with the powerful military power of Mobei and became Emperor Taiding. After Emperor Taiding ascended the throne, he was succeeded by his second son Ba
Ma Yi'er's fortune-telling revealed that he would be crowned the king of Jin and guard Mobei.
In the first year of Yuan Zhihe and the first year of Tianli (1328), in the battle between the two capitals, Mayi'er Jianbu, who was in Shangdu at that time, was killed. Since then, the Jin kings have ended their rule over Mobei.
The King of Jin in the Yuan Dynasty had long commanded the four great offices of Taizu Genghis Khan and was responsible for presiding over Genghis Khan's sacrificial activities in Mongolia. After the Yuan Dynasty moved north to the grasslands, the old Mongolian system that was adapted to the nomadic economic base was gradually restored. By the time of the Dayan Khan,
Mongolia formally established a farming system and a left-right system.
Under this system, the Great Khan, as the supreme leader of the Mongolian regime, commanded the left-wing ministries and had tens of thousands of households stationed in Chahar; Jinong, as the deputy khan, commanded the right-wing ministries and directly owned ten thousand households in Ordos where Genghis Khan's Eight White Chambers were located.
, responsible for the guarding and sacrificial activities of the Babai Chamber.
It can be said that the Mongolian farming system of the Ming Dynasty was an inheritance of the system tradition of the Yuan Dynasty, in which princes represented by the King of Jin guarded Mobei and ruled on behalf of the Great Khan.
In fact, the Jinong in Mongolia during the Ming Dynasty can be traced back to the period of Tuotuobuhua, the head general of Dai Khan, who was founded by the Oara nobles Tuohuan and his father and son. The first person with the title of "Jinong" currently recorded is
Dayan Khan's great-grandfather Agabarji was also the brother of General Dai Khan Tuo Tuo Bu Hua.
There is a record in "The Origin of Mongolia": "Taisongtai Ji established himself as Hehan in the last year of his life. He was eighteen years old at that time, and he granted the title of 17-year-old Aheiba'er only as a lucky bag."
Jijidai Khan Tuotuobuhua, Aheiba'er was only known as Agabarji Jinong. Agabaji was granted the title of Jinong and was sent to the right wing.
However, according to Mongolian historical records, at the critical moment when the conflict between his brother Totuo Buhan and Yexian intensified and both sides resorted to force, this Jinong was confused by the Oara nobles' plan to sow discord, betrayed his brother Khan, and defected to
After Ye Xian, Tuo Tuo Bu Hua Khan was alone and was defeated and died. Agabarji Jinong was subsequently killed by Ye Xian, and his son Hargu Chuk Taiji was also killed on the way to escape.
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The second person with the title of "Jinong" found in the records is Bayan Mengke, the grandson of Agabar Ji Jinong and the father of Dayan Khan. He is also called Polohu Jinong in Mongolian historical records and Han Dynasty.
In historical materials, there are many names such as Polohu, Polo, Polo and so on.
According to Mongolian historical records, Bayan Mengke was the posthumous son of Harguchuk Taiji, born to the daughter of Yexian. He was sent to Eastern Mongolia when he was three years old, and stayed at the young master of Aluo.
Aluo married his daughter to him.
According to Chinese historical records, in the sixth year of Chenghua (1470), Polohu led his troops to join forces with the A Luo Chu division who went in and out of the Hetao.
They lurked in the Hetao and appeared on the border. When they were close to Polo, they led poor bandits to cross the river on rafts and merged into one. The bandits became more powerful." The Polo here is Polohu.
Polohu and Aluochu also jointly sent envoys to pay tribute to the Ming Dynasty. Polo was Aluochu's son-in-law. It can be seen that Polohu and Aluochu united through the traditional nomadic people's marriage method, "and
"As one". However, in the environment where the plateau was rocky, heroes were vying for the throne, tribes were fighting each other, and there were turmoil and disputes, the alliance between the two sides did not last long.
In the seventh year of Chenghua (1471), Bo Luohu formed a new aristocracy, and joined forces with the powerful nobleman Ji Jiasilan to drive A Luo Chu out of Hetao, annexed some of A Luo Chu's subordinates, and his power gradually became stronger. After that, Bo Luo Chu
Luohu acted together with Jasilan and Mantulu, and continued to plunder the Ming Dynasty border on a large scale.
In the eleventh year of Chenghua (1475), Jia Silan "discussed with others that he wanted to make Prince Poluhu the khan and give him his daughter as his wife. Because he wanted to establish himself as the grand master, Boluhu did not dare to do it, so he let him
"Uncle Mantulu". Polo suddenly gave up the throne of Khan, and together with Baideng Jasilan, he made his uncle Mantulu the Great Khan.
After Mandulu ascended the throne, he was granted the title of Jinong and called Bolohu Jinong. "Thus, Mandulu Hehan and Bolaohu Jinang, their ancestors and grandsons, reached an agreement and jointly managed 60,000 households."
Balohu Jinong tried his best to assist Mandu Luhan and revive the rule of the Golden Family, which was quite successful for a time. However, the situation of the Great Khan and Jinong's ancestors and grandsons working together to rule could not last long. Because they were accustomed to wielding power.
For the powerful ministers with different surnames, they did not want to see the revival of the rule of the Golden Family, so they deliberately tried to destroy the unity between Mandulu Khan and Boluohu Jinong.
At that time, Agbal Ji Jinong was instigated by the Oara nobles to betray his brother and join forces with the Oara. As a result, the Great Khan was defeated and Jinong himself was killed. Now, under the strong instigation of the nobles with different surnames, Mantulu Khan and Bor
The conflict between Luohu and Jinong soon intensified.
In October of the twelfth year of Chenghua (1476), "Mandulu and Jasilan killed Boluohu and Mandu Zhiyuan, Meng Ke and three others." Boluohu and Jinong were killed and his troops were annexed.
Later scholars once spoke highly of Polohu Jinong, "He obviously led a quite powerful tribal group. He was the first person since the early Ming Dynasty to command a powerful Taiji without being restricted by others. Although he failed in the end
, but his knowledge and talents were obviously superior among the main group of Mongolian feudalists in the Ming Dynasty."
Under the management of Mandu Luhan and Polohu Jinong, the Golden Family initially revived, laying the foundation for Dayan Khan's resurgence.
So it can be said that before Dayan Khan, only the above two people had the title of Jinong. At that time, "Jinong" should be like Taishi, Prime Minister, etc. It was just a title, not a stable one.
political system.
As an important political system in Mongolia during the Ming Dynasty, Jinong was formally established or formed after Dayan Khan conquered the right-wing Mongolia.
After Dayan Khan came to the throne, at the request of some right-wing nobles, he appointed his second son Ulus Bolot as "Jinong" and went to the right wing. This may be Dayan Khan's first attempt to establish a farming system.
However, something went very wrong in this matter. When Ullus Borot was holding the inauguration ceremony of Jinong in front of the Eight White Chamber, he was assassinated by the right-wing nobles with different surnames. This incident also became the direct lead for Dayan Khan to conquer the right wing by force.
Fire cord.
In the fifth year of Zhengde (1510), after the Battle of Dalantrigun, Dayan Khan achieved a decisive victory in his military conquest of the right wing. Therefore, Dayan Khan re-proclaimed the title of Khan in front of the Eight White Chamber and officially named his third son Bals
Borote was a jinong, and had jurisdiction over 30,000 households on the right wing.
"In response to the words, Hehan completely subdued the 30,000 households on the right wing, gathered and pacified the country of 60,000 households, re-announced the title of Hehan in front of the 800 tents of the Holy Lord, and issued a decree saying: 'Among my eleven sons,
I ordered my eldest son Tieli Polo's son to inherit my position as Khan! The outstanding Balsawa Polo once personally participated in the battle and regained the political power of 30,000 households on the right wing for me, so I ordered him to be the accomplice on the right wing."
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In front of the Babai Chamber, Dayan Khan formally appointed Balsborot to "be a jinnang on the right wing" and to rule 30,000 households on the right wing as a jinong. This marked the formal establishment of an important political system in Mongolia in the Ming Dynasty - the jinong system.
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Regarding the powers and status of Jinong, Wulan pointed out: "In the Yuan Dynasty, the emperor was in charge of the capital, and the king of Jin guarded the Mongolian mainland, guarding Genghis Khan's four great offices; in the Ming Dynasty, the Great Khan was in charge of full power, Ji Nang was in charge of the right wing, and Genghis Khan was guarding Babai.
Zhang... Ji Nang's position is equivalent to the deputy king of the Great Khan, in charge of the right wing, and is usually held by the son or brother of the Great Khan."
It can be seen that the Ming Dynasty's Mongolian Jinong mainly had three powers: first, to be in charge of the right wing and coordinate the relations between various ministries; second, to guard the Babai Room and be responsible for Genghis Khan's sacrificial activities; and to directly command ten thousand households in Ordos at the age of thirty.
In terms of his political relationship with the Great Khan and his duties and responsibilities such as guarding Genghis Khan's Babai Chamber, Jinong is quite similar to the Jin Dynasty in the Yuan Dynasty. However, in terms of political status, it is obvious that Jinong in the Ming Dynasty is higher than that in the Yuan Dynasty.
King of Jin.
In the Yuan Dynasty, the King of Jin guarded the Mongolian mainland as the representative of the Great Khan and guarded the four great offices of Genghis Khan; while in the Ming Dynasty, Jinong commanded the right wing as the deputy khan and guarded the Babai Chamber.
According to Dayan Khan's institutional arrangements, the Great Khan, as the supreme leader, lives in Chahar, with 10,000 households, and directly controls 30,000 households on the left wing. Jinong lives in Ordos, with 10,000 households, and is in charge of 30,000 households on the right wing. The Great Khan and Jinong are respectively responsible for
He serves as the leader of the left and right wings. Therefore, in Mongolian historical records, the Great Khan and Jinong are both called the two masters. It is said that "there are two things in the sky, the sun and the moon, and there are two masters in the earth, Hehan and Ji Nang." It can be seen that Ji
The status of farmers is very high.
As for the selection of Jinong, later generations generally believed that it was the son or brother of the Great Khan. This was true before Balsbolot. For example, Agabalji Jinong was the younger brother of Totuobulohan, and Bolohuji
Nongze was the great-nephew of Mandulu Khan (Mandulu Khan had no heirs). Ullus Borot, who was killed on the eve of taking office, and Balsi Borot, who succeeded him, were both the sons of Dayan Khan.
However, after Balsborot, Jinong's election system underwent fundamental changes, from the election system to the eldest son inheritance system, which was consistent with the implementation of the eldest son inheritance system for the Khanate.
After Balsborot, his eldest son Gunbilik succeeded as Jinong. After that, the position of Jinong was inherited by the eldest descendants of Gunbilik's line. In the original history, it was until the late Ming Dynasty and the early Qing Dynasty. In this period,
In the book, of course, the current chapter ends with Bosho Ketu.
Boshu Ketu's words are not problematic in terms of the historical origins of the Jinan system. However, the situation in Mongolia has already changed drastically. Tuotuo did not have any special reaction to this. He just said coldly: "In the past, Xian Khan
When the Ming Dynasty and the Jin Kingdom were established, your grandfather had no objections and led thousands of households in Ordos to join it. Now, why should Hannaji Chechen Khan be treated as the Great Khan of the Ming Dynasty and Jin Kingdom?
As for you saying that he has no right to depose you as a farmer, this is even more ridiculous - the Kuritai Congress can even depose the Great Khan of Mongolia, not to mention you are just a farmer! In addition, Boshu Ketu, I want to
Let me remind you, I am a military commander, and I am only here to act on the orders of the Great Khan. I am not here to reason with you. It is not impossible for you to reason with me, but I advise you to save some strength and go to Kuritai
Let’s talk about it at the conference!”
Boshu Ketu was furious and was about to yell, but Qataiji had not finished his words before he shouted: "Tuotuo is ordered by Chechen Khan to invite Jinong to the Kuritai Conference to reason.
Is there anyone going to stop me?!"
As soon as these words came out, the whole place fell into silence.
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PS: The history of Jinong mentioned in this chapter is intentional. In the subsequent plot, there will be two different stages that need to be based on today's explanation. Well... I think you can't guess my arrangement.