It has been a regret for the student for many years that he has admired his reputation for a long time but has not yet met him. Although the student is late in learning, he always knows that he is loyal and bright, and his integrity is believed by the world. However, most of the students in Yi Kao have not understood the politics of Mr.
Stop, sincerity is a strange thing. In the past, my uncle Gao Wenzheng of Xinzheng once said privately: "Qiongshan is a place where people should be in charge of refined customs and should not worry about civil affairs. In order to be honest and upright, they should be in charge of the department of ethics and discipline." Now that he has won his position, the world is very lucky.
Mr. Wen was in charge of the Southern Inspection, and the upright people in the Manchu Dynasty were encouraged by this. Although the students sent private letters, they did not dare to say a word privately.
Nowadays, the northwest is peaceful but the world is troubled. The feudal vassals are waiting and watching, doubting the imperial court's intention to establish vassal states; various places are hesitant and resist taxation for the selfish interests of wealthy merchants.
A student of the former said: It is a tax, and it is neither owned by the imperial court nor your Majesty. This money is taken from the people and used for the people.
Students are stupid and think that there is no distinction between north and south in the world, and there is no distinction between household registration. Every household has the responsibility to pay taxes. If you think about the poor, you may pay less and avoid paying; if you check the rich, you will pay more and twice. This is not against the rules, and those who can't do it will get more.
The foundation can also be used to equalize the huge differences between the rich and the poor. Isn't it something that the ancient sages never forgot?
Sir, you should know that students have gained a lot by practicing practical knowledge of the world. Therefore, they have asked themselves to pay taxes several times over the years, more than ten times as much as others. However, among the officials in the imperial court and their families who are involved in business, there are not many people who are willing to accept this business.
Tax?
In the northern provinces, students were lured by Beijing's coercion, and now more than eighty-nine out of ten students are willing to pay business taxes. In the southern provinces, students are beyond the reach of the whip, and they are unable to do so. Instead, they are accused of slandering the emperor, and are imprisoned several times.
It's true that I sigh with emotion.
Students believe that as an official, you should not only be honored by your high status, but by your contribution; as a scholar, you should not only be proud of your knowledge, but by your moral conduct.
Now that the teacher is in charge of southern inspection, he only hopes to be cautious about his actions. He should not only examine whether he is greedy or not, diligent or not diligent, capable or unable, but also whether he is virtuous or immoral.
There is no room for discussion since the plan is in place and the constitution is in place. However, although the legislation is good, the content of those who uphold the law may not be sufficient. Mr. Sir, his voice has been heard in the sea. For this important plan, it is expected that he will work hard to prevent the honest and traitor from escaping the law of the country.
, Don't let those who are diligent and virtuous be deposed from the awards. Even though the students are thousands of miles away, they should bow their heads and pay homage to the teacher for his kindness to the country.
I am thinking about it now, with sincerity and fear. I shed tears after reading the book, and I don’t know what to say.
I’m a junior in school and I’m on the list of Xinzheng. I’m so pragmatic.”
This private letter written by Gao Jingshi to Hai Rui was delivered to Nanjing at an extremely fast speed. Not only was it fast, but the delivery time was extremely accurate - Hai Rui had just learned that he would be in charge of the Nanjing investigation, and Gao Jingshi's private letter followed.
Then he sent it in.
Even though Hai Rui is famous for his uprightness, he also knows that this letter is anything but ordinary. This means that Gao Pragmatic not only has a transportation channel that is as fast as the transportation of court documents, but also knows exactly when every official letter whose location he wants to know will arrive.
where.
However, Hai Rui didn't care about this.
Gao Pragmatic, a young junior, generally has a relatively positive image in Hai Rui's eyes. Although Hai Rui sometimes goes to extremes when evaluating a person's quality, he can usually stick to the "dichotomy".
Gao Pragmatism's "study achievements" aspired to become the leader of the dynasty, but Hai Rui looked at it indifferently; Gao Pragmatism's military merits were the best in the world, but Hai Rui was unmoved. Of course, Gao Pragmatism is often vilified as "using wisdom for personal gain" and "relying on personal power".
"Striving for the benefit of the people for the sake of divine grace", Hai Rui was equally dismissive.
The reason is not complicated: Although the pragmatic Jinghua is rich in the world, Hai Rui has never heard of him engaging in any tricks and plundering. He has always done business in a disciplined manner. And what is even more valuable is, as he said in this private letter.
Said: "Over the years, I have asked myself to pay taxes several times, more than ten times as much as others."
Hai Rui knew that Gao Pragmatic's words were not exaggerated at all, and were even a bit modest. Judging from what Hai Rui had learned from his inspections of various private ports in Southern Zhili in the past few years, Gao Pragmatic was really "coerced".
"With wisdom, he specializes in private affairs" and "relies on divine grace to fight for the interests of the people." He can at least pay nearly 178,000 taels less in taxes a year.
This is already the case in the Southern Zhili region, and Gao pragmatism is famous for paying high taxes across the country, and even sets its own special tax (it exists in Guangxi), which is enough to prove that Gao pragmatism is "distinctive"
"Yes.
Therefore, Hai Rui basically believes that Gao Pragmatism has implemented the principle stated in his letter: "If you look after the poor, you may pay less and avoid paying; if you check the rich, you will pay more".
This is in sharp contrast to Xu Jie back then, and he can naturally gain Hai Rui's favor.
But after all, Hai Rui knew very well that his reputation was such that every move he made could cause huge waves in the government and the opposition, so he was very cautious about Gao Pragmatic's letter.
He knew that such a major event as Nancha was extraordinary for the imperial court, especially for the princes of the dynasty, and had a huge impact. To put it simply, whoever plans the plan will be judged by the canon, and whoever plans the plan will be judged by the canon.
After all, the situation between North Korea and China will definitely be affected by the ebb and flow of one situation.
Of course, Hai Rui himself didn't care about this. He was a man who insisted that "a gentleman should not be a party member." Although he had been an official for many years, he had neither a backer nor any helpers. This was also the reason for the ups and downs in his career in his early years.
No matter how the situation between the DPRK and China changes, what does it have to do with our Haigang Peak?
What he is really cautious about is that he is worried about being taken advantage of by Gao Pragmatic.
Everyone says that Gao Pragmatism can be where he is today, firstly, because of the political shadow left by Gao Gong, secondly, because of the emperor’s infinite trust in him, and thirdly, because he did really well in the exams back then. As for the side.
It's just the icing on the cake.
But Hai Rui never sees it this way. No matter how good the political resources Gao Pragmatic gets, they will be in vain if they cannot be used effectively; no matter how much the emperor's trust is, everything will be lost if things are not handled well; as for the examination, there are so many champions in the world, who can win the prize?
Has his career been so smooth?
At that time, Yang Shen was the son of Yang Tinghe. He had high political resources and was pragmatic, and he was also the number one scholar. So what? He was not demoted to Yunnan and ended up in the border areas.
However, after Hai Ruizai carefully read the letter three times, he finally relaxed his frown that had been furrowed for a long time.
This chapter is not over yet, please click on the next page to continue reading! There does not seem to be any hint in Gao Pingshi's letter. Everything he said seems to be for the consideration of the court. He just hopes that Mr. Hai, who presides over the Southern Investigation, can be stricter.
Just think more about virtue.
Hai Rui completely agrees with this statement of paying attention to virtue. After all, he is a person who pays great attention to virtue.
However, Hai Rui also knew that Gao Pragmatic's suggestion seemed to be somewhat troublesome in terms of the system.
There are detailed rules for the punishment of officials in the Ming Dynasty, including the so-called "Eight Eyes" and "Four Subjects".
The so-called "eight eyes" refer to the names for dismissal of incompetent officials: "greedy, cruel, impetuous, inadequate, old, sick, tired, and careless."
The "four subjects" are divided into categories based on the contents drawn up by the "eight eyes": "greedy, cruel, serving the people; careless, weak, living in idleness; old, sick, becoming an official; talent
Not as good as it is, impetuous and shallow (i.e. shallow, probably a pseudonym for Tong), downgraded to foreign duties."
There is no accurate record for reference as to when the "Eight Eyes" under investigation began; however, it was finally formed in February of the first year of Hongzhi.
In the 22nd year of Chenghua, before Li Yu was appointed Minister of the Ministry of Civil Affairs, the inspection in the Ming Dynasty did not have the name "Eight Eyes", but was summarized with "Four Eyes". Historical records: "The story, there are four inspection eyes: old illness, stop
Softness means being greedy and cruel, and being careless. (Li) Yu said that people have different qualities. Paranoid people are like cool people, and slow people are like soft people. The only way to achieve talent is to express the meaning of caring for talents. The emperor is good at it, so he wrote it as an order."
It is not difficult to see from here that the so-called "four eyes" are actually the predecessor of the "eight eyes". The "eight eyes" only subdivide each of the "four eyes" and rename "disease" to "disease".
And the two categories of "inadequate talent" and "impetuous and superficial" have been added.
The item "incompetent" was set in the thirteen months between October 22, the 22nd year of Chenghua, and November 23, the 23rd year of Chenghua, when Li Yu was appointed Minister of the Ministry of Civil Affairs; and the item "impetuous and shallow" was set in the
During the Beijing inspection in February of the first year of Hongzhi, Wu Tai, then the censor of Henan Province in Nanjing, and others reported the request. Wang Shu, then the official minister, reported to Xiaozong for approval, and implemented it immediately during the Beijing inspection that year, and deposed him.
Li Shen, Minister of Taichang Temple.
Regarding the general principles for the application of "Eight Eyes" and "Four Subjects", Shen Defu once said: "Common officials below the fifth rank in Beijing are old and sick, weak and inactive, careless in their conduct, impetuous and superficial, and incompetent.
, there are five items; and if you look at the officials below the fifth rank, they are old, careless, and impetuous." There are also application examples recorded in the various items related to Jingcha in "Shilu of the Ming Dynasty".
However, because the regulations on the "Eight Eyes" are extremely simple, there is a certain degree of arbitrariness and ambiguity in determining the "Eight Eyes", and there are even some inconsistencies between the name and reality.
For example, "corruption, cruelty, for the people". Corruption can be determined based on the facts of corruption among officials, but the Ming Dynasty has a stronger punishment for corruption. Although it is stipulated that "corruption is for the people", in fact there are serious corruption acts.
The punishments received are often heavier, so this target only targets officials with a small amount of corruption. In addition, once corruption is discovered, there is often no need to wait for Beijing to investigate, but to deal with it immediately. However, the "cool" behavior itself is difficult to determine, if
If someone is "cool" for official reasons, the punishment will usually be lighter; if someone is "cool" for personal reasons, the punishment will be heavier.
Speaking of which, Hai Rui himself was impeached many times because of his "coolness". However, "coolness" does not match the key points mentioned in Gao Pragmatic's letter.
As for "old age, illness, and becoming an official". Old age and illness are the two categories for which it is easier to determine the standard, because both have accurate standards for measurement, and they have nothing to do with the main point of Gao Pragmatic Letter, so it is okay not to mention them.
The next step is "not careful, but soft, and live in peace and quiet". "Tian soft" usually refers to an official who has done little or has a slightly bad character during his reign, such as "So-and-so, the magistrate of Kuizhou Prefecture in Sichuan, served as a county shepherd twice, which is rare.
"Wei Ze Zhi Bu, the so-called "those who are weak and do nothing" means that they do nothing in office;
Another example: "Mr. (Zhang Mao) said: The ancients established the dynasty with integrity, but a certain person was too soft." It means that the character is defective. Compared with the previous number "mou", it is more difficult to determine whether it is careless. Although the Ming Dynasty
There is a definition of imprudentness: "Those who have the power to ask for entrustment will be dismissed as imprudent." However, in fact, the scope of the word "irrudent" can be greatly extended.
It can be due to carelessness in official conduct or carelessness in the administrative process. Therefore, this title sometimes exerts its normal function to punish officials who are careless in words and deeds; sometimes it is used as a means to attack political opponents.
For example, "Illustrated Dictionary of the Gengxu Examination. The branch official Tang Binyin wanted to have a personal relationship with Han Jing, and he was in conflict with Wu Daonan, who was a high-ranking official in the tribute examination. ... After investigation, he annotated Bin Yin Bujin." The annotation here is Bujin.
In order to have a basis for practice, a branch official's shielding of his disciples is already a breach of ethics; and slandering a superior official is even more disrespectful in his words and deeds. With this in mind, it is justifiable.
Another example is Xu Dahua, "he was an official in the capital, but he rose again and became the head of the Ministry of Industry. Sun Pi promoted him to the capital, but he was careless and resigned from his post." According to the common sense of the capital, once deposed, it will no longer be used. Xu Dahua can no longer use it.
His demotion and resurgence were obviously the result of Ba Fu's strong support, so it is not an exaggeration to be careless.
But there are also situations where people attack dissidents in the name of being careless. Take Ding Yuanjian (Jinshi in the 14th year of Wanli) as an example.
Those who criticized him, his party harmonized him, and the whole court was in a state of uproar. Those who could not be solved, sir, rose up and resisted... He stayed in the middle and did not retaliate. Yi Mao returned to the book and wrote many stimulating words, but he did not retaliate. Ding Si was inspected in Beijing
, so he was demoted because he was careless."
Ding Yuan's imprudent recommendation was not due to any fault of character, but because he offended the powerful, he acted carelessly. Moreover, the punishment of being demoted was more serious than "residing idle", which shows that "eight eyes" and "four eyes" were
"Ke" are not closely related and can still differ according to the wishes of those in power.
Hai Rui thought about this carefully and felt that it could be related to virtue, so he couldn't help but make a secret note in his heart.
As for "inadequate talent, impetuous and superficial, downgrading to external tasks". Same as "not careful", "incompetent" and "impetuous and superficial" are also easy to be used by those in power because of the ambiguity of their meanings.
.
Regarding the subject of "talents falling short of ability", Feng Qi said: "I have always observed that there are two ends of the spectrum for those who fall short. Those who are short of talent cannot do anything they want, and those who are weak cannot shoulder the responsibility. This is also true for those who have talents that fall short of their abilities. There are also actions.
His nature is frivolous, he desires speed, he is not proficient in doing things, and he is involved in all things. This is not because he is really talented, but because he has talent but is not good at using his ears."
Because of its vague meaning, those in charge can use the "less than" clause to manipulate officials within a reasonable range. Therefore, the "less than talented" clause actually has a dual role. On the one hand, it is the protection of the Ming court.
An important measure for talents. "The country cherishes talents, so among the several talents, the most are those who are not good enough. ... If the person wants to keep them, it is really a fault; if he wants to abandon them, it is really a pity that the talents are not used by others."
If the talent is not enough, the quantity will be increased and the tone will be reduced." On the other hand, this purpose is often used as a means to exclude those with different political views.
Hai Rui thought about it and felt that this was not what he wanted to use, so he shook his head and gave up.
In this way, Hai Rui had a clear idea in his mind. He didn't care what Gao Jingzhi had planned in the capital, as long as his proposal was in line with his ideals of being an official, Mr. Hai would be willing to fulfill it.
And from a personal perspective, Hai Rui felt that his health was far worse than before. In the past two years, he had been asking for a retreat, but was persuaded by the emperor's gentle words to stay. He had no choice but to persist until today. If he could take this opportunity to correct his attitude,
, which is the best footnote for his success and retirement.
However, just when Hai Rui put down the pragmatic letter and prepared to gather people to discuss the specific matters of Nancha, another letter arrived. Mr. Hai took it and read it, and immediately narrowed his eyes.
"Wang Taicang?"
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