There are nearly 13,000 people in the Dingnan Garrison Army's Second Town First Association, Second Town and Third Town First Association. They are surrounded by Huang Zhiting's wolf soldiers, Annan Anbang, and more than 4,000 people from the Zhongjun Town have just passed.
From the Nakhon Ratchasima Plateau, we rushed to Udon Thani City in the south of Vientiane.
None of the defenders or generals of Udon Thani City resisted, and they all marched to the city to surrender - it is not right to say they surrendered, because they marched to the city under the banner of respectful welcome.
Why the welcome? Because the Nanzhang National Policy Advisory Group, on behalf of King Nokya Kumon, issued an invitation to Beijing, inviting Beijing’s armed forces stationed in Annam, Siam, Cambodia and other places to go to Nanzhang to stabilize the situation.
As for the reason, it is that after the king became a monk, some people in the Nanzhang country may be uneasy about the status quo. At the same time, the national policy advisory group was entrusted by the king to be responsible for selecting the successor king, so it has the responsibility to maintain the stability of the kingdom.
In a word, following the edict promulgated by the National Policy Advisory Group Dainuo Jiaogumeng, Huang Zhiting and other Beijing garrison troops were invited. Civil and military officials from all over the country must not only treat each other with courtesy, but also cooperate with them.
Since we were walking through the Korat Plateau, the march was quite tiring. Huang Zhiting had just settled down and planned to rest the army in Udon Thani for a day tomorrow before heading north to meet Mo Yulin. Who knew that just after lunch, suddenly
After hearing the report, it was said that Mo Yulin, commander of the Vientiane Guard Army, wanted to see him.
This news made Huang Zhiting frown a little. Didn't Mo Yulin station troops to monitor the northwest of Vientiane? Why did he come to Wulong? Could it be that he had suffered a defeat and withdrew to join him?
But he soon learned that Mo Yulin did not withdraw the Vientiane Guard Army to Udon Lai. He only brought his own soldiers, and the Vientiane Guard Army remained in place to monitor.
Mo Yulin was a surrendered general of the Mo Dynasty in Annan. Although he accepted the reorganization at that time, because Nguyen Huang of the Later Le Dynasty had surrendered on his own initiative, Gao Pragmatic left some military power for Nguyen Huang. In order to balance Ruan Huang's power, Gao Pragmatic
Pragmatically gave Mo Yulin, two generals from the Mo Dynasty, and Ruan Juan some military power.
Mo Yulin was later appointed as the commander of the Vientiane Guard Army. An important reason was that Ruan Juan served as the commander of the Phnom Penh Guard Army. All in all, of the three Annan generals who were surrendered, only Ruan Juan remains in Annan.
Since he still had part of Annan's military power, Mo Yulin was not alone when he came to Vientiane to take office. He also brought Qianbubu with him, which is similar to the nature of the servants of the Ming Dynasty. It is these Qianbubu who are accompanying him today. This can be said.
Ensure that the surveillance of Vientiane City is not affected.
Huang Zhiting originally thought that Mo Yulin's visit did not have much significance, because according to the planned itinerary, she would be able to meet him at Wanxiang City in three days.
However, when she met Mo Yulin, Huang Zhiting realized that he was not just here to show his loyalty, but actually to show his merit.
Mo Yulin told Huang Zhiting three things: First, he took all the grain and grass in Vientiane City out of the city. There was not a single grain of military ration in the city. Even if Princess Bijue collected the surplus grain from the people, the amount of surplus grain would not be too big.
It won't last long.
Secondly, the armory in Vientiane City was also emptied out. Even if Princess Biajue gathered her 30,000 old veterans, they would still be short of soldiers and armor, and it would be impossible for them to have much combat effectiveness.
Thirdly, when the security forces withdrew, he brought out the senior officials of the Nanzhang Kingdom, including Nuo Jiaogu Meng, who had become a monk, as well as the advisory group stationed by Jinghua, and now they are all in Ban Yi.
Wait.
In other words, the Nanzhang court was actually just out for an "outing", and the political power was still firmly controlled by Jinghua. Huang Yinglei and his wife were now completely alone in Vientiane City.
Huang Zhiting was overjoyed at first, and then couldn't help but sigh in her heart: Am I the only one who never expected that Ying Lei would rebel?
Thinking of this, my heart tightened: If this were the case, what would your husband think of my loss today? Or, maybe Mo Yulin made these preparations based on his wishes?
She suddenly became a little anxious, and after briefly briefing Mo Yulin on the current situation, she said: "I originally planned to repair it for a day tomorrow, but now it seems that it is not necessary. I will continue to go north tomorrow and work with you to repair this earlier.
Let’s settle the matter.”
Mo Yulin was startled and replied: "This... doesn't seem to be necessary. The Jinggang garrison will arrive a day or two later, so there is enough time."
Huang Zhiting didn't answer, shook her head, and the matter was settled.
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At almost the same moment, the war between Spain and England actually broke out, although the two sides did not declare war on each other.
At that time, Philip II's army was fighting in the Netherlands under the command of the Duke of Parma. It had successfully recovered the southern Netherlands, but was blocked by the British Expeditionary Force, and the two sides fell into a confrontation in the Netherlands.
Parma's weakness is that it only has a strong army and lacks coordinated maritime forces. As a result, the waters of the Netherlands are completely controlled by the Anglo-Dutch forces. The Anglo-Dutch can freely supply supplies by sea and completely blockade Parma on land.
.And Parma failed to even control a deep-water harbor, which would have a devastating impact on the Armada in the future.
Philip II invested heavily in building his invincible fleet. Although this fleet seemed numerous and huge in tonnage, it also had many problems, such as a serious lack of long-range artillery.
Moreover, shipbuilding requires a large number of boards that have been dried for many years. However, Drake, the famous British pirate and commander of the Western Fleet, made a surprise attack on Cadiz Bay and burned a large amount of Spanish reserves. This hindered the preparations for the Armada, and also caused the fleet to
Many materials on the fleet were forced to use substandard wood, which caused the actual storage time of food and drinking water on the fleet to be far shorter than estimated.
In order to ensure the smooth operation of the fleet, Philip II also launched the War of Three Henrys in France to ensure that France would not take the opportunity to invade Spain.
This chapter is not over yet, please click on the next page to continue reading! Philip’s original plan was that after the fleet set sail from Lisbon, it would first sail through the strait to join the army at Calais anchorage and Parma. After the army boarded the ship, it would then sail to
England chose an opportunity to land. According to the legend at this time, there should be one-third or even two-thirds of the Catholics in England. If the Spanish army could land, these Catholics could be called on to rebel against the Queen of England. The Catholic Pope in Rome also promised
Provide moral and financial support.
The British once tried to go straight to Lisbon and destroy the Armada on the spot at the mouth of the river. However, they encountered a storm in the channel and Drake was blown back to the port of Plymouth. This allowed the British to finally wait for work and confront the Armada in the channel. From later generations
From this perspective, this may be the decisive reason why the English fleet was able to win.
The reason why I say this is that we first need to understand the naval battles of the 16th century. In this era, naval battles mainly took the following forms:
First, artillery battle: use side string guns or bow guns to fire solid projectiles. Second, short-range musket shooting: infantry fire muskets on the deck and ship building. Third, follow-up battle: use grappling hooks to capture the ship, and then the infantry
Land on the opponent's ship and fight.
Artillery battles should be further divided into two categories: first, long-range shooting: long-range shooting using long and heavy artillery at a distance of several hundred yards. Second, close-range sideline salvo: at the range of muskets, even less than half the range of muskets.
at the range, facing the opponent sideways, and then fired a volley of artillery.
In this era, the only things that can truly destroy the opponent's combat effectiveness are follow-up battles and side-choice volleys. Follow-up battles can directly capture the opponent's ships, and side-choice volleys can truly destroy the opponent's hull structure.
As for long-range artillery battles, with the accuracy and destructive power of current European artillery, it can basically be described as falling behind. In fact, after the Armada entered the strait and encountered the British main fleet (Drake's West Fleet), both sides used ships on the sea.
The cannons fired from a long range for four days and fired all the shells. However, not a single battleship suffered fatal damage, and the total casualties on both sides were only a few hundred.
This situation is similar to the contact battle that occurred in the South China Sea during Huang Zhiting's previous expedition to Burma. The only difference is that the opponents of the battle with the Spaniards were different, and both opponents - Jinghua and Drake - chose
Fly a kite and don't fight with the Spaniards.
The funny thing is that no one knows this now, and it is the first time for everyone to experience such a large-scale naval battle. The British have always believed in the power of long heavy artillery, but the Spanish did not believe it at first, but after that battle with Jinghua
After the battle fleets returned home and gave a detailed report to Philip II, the Spanish also changed their thinking, thinking that artillery could destroy the opponent's ships at a long distance.
However, a series of battles proved that this is still just a fantasy.
When the Armada arrived at the Calais anchorage almost unscathed, the Duke of Parma refused to show up. On the one hand, he had already believed that there was no chance of winning in the cross-sea battle and had no intention of joining the navy. On the other hand, he had no intention of joining the navy.
Ability of the landing fleet: The water depth in Calais port is too shallow for the Armada to approach the coast, but the Dutch flat-bottomed battleships can gallop back and forth. It is almost impossible for Parma to successfully land the Armada under the close surveillance of the Dutch flat-bottomed fleet.
The entire war situation took a fundamental turn in Calais. Compared with the actual war, the materials actually speak for themselves. After a series of battles in the Channel, the Armada had no more artillery shells to use, and there was no food and drinking water left.
Not much, and they only received a small amount of food and water supplies in Calais.
Although both sides realized at this time that the true essence of a naval battle lay in the side salvo of "the closer, the better", the Spaniards no longer had artillery shells, and their only chance of victory could only be to use overwhelming infantry combat power to engage.
String battle.
However, the balance of victory has completely tilted towards the English. Because the Invincible Fleet has arrived in Calais, the Eastern Fleet, which had been patrolling the ocean to prevent Parma from suddenly crossing the sea, also joined Drake's fleet at this time, which became the English fleet.
Bringing enough supplies of artillery shells, the British army was able to launch a fierce attack on the Spanish fleet with twice the force before.
Moreover, because the English warships were more flexible, the British ships could safely bombard the opponent at a distance of their own choosing, while the Spanish had no possibility of getting close enough to launch a follow-up battle.
So Calais became a slaughterhouse.
However, although the Armada suffered huge losses at Calais, it was not devastating. The truly devastating blow was the severe lack of food and drinking water.
The Armada followed the direction of the wind and retreated to the northeast. Losing the possibility of returning through the Channel, this fleet, which had greater political significance than military significance, could only circle England from the north and return to Spain.
Moreover, there are no ports for supply in this direction, and countless ships desperately broke away from the fleet and sailed to any possible land during the return journey. In Ireland, seventeen warships were stranded or crashed, and thousands of
The Spanish were massacred on the beach by the British troops in Ireland. At this moment, the Spanish, defeated by hunger and disease, had no fighting ability.
It can be seen from several aspects how terrible ship life was in this era. From a Spanish point of view, there were four navigators on the San Martin where the commander-in-chief was, three of whom died on the way. Almost
All the commanders fell ill, the commander-in-chief rested for several months before returning to work, and two squadron commanders died one after another a month after docking.
Even officers are like this, so you can imagine the miserable situation of ordinary sailors. Gao Pragmatic has been cautious and steady in requesting the establishment of a series of strongholds in Nanyang to form a "pearl necklace". If the Spaniards at this time understood it, they would definitely be greatly shocked.
Feeling.
This chapter is not finished yet, please click on the next page to continue reading the exciting content! However, although the Spanish were miserable, the situation of the English fleet was not much better. Shortly after the battle at Calais Anchorage, the English fleet returned to its home country.
port, however, they did not lift their war readiness, but were still on standby in the ships in the port. Even in this safe and well-supplied situation, the crew still fell ill and died quickly due to large-scale typhus.
, the casualty rate is estimated to far exceed the naval battle itself.
Looking at this battle, it can be said that the most powerful weapons are not the enemy at all, but storms, accidents and diseases. As long as any ship is filled with crew, they will immediately begin to wither at an alarming rate, as the ship sails
Entering the sea, you will immediately encounter storms, food and water shortages.
In the battle between the English fleet and the Spanish fleet, what really played a decisive role should be the timely supplies provided by the vast ports on the south coast of England to the British fleet.
During the period from the departure of the Armada to the defeat and return to China, the Beiyang Maritime Trade Alliance was not idle. The nobles first selected the armed transport ships they thought were the strongest and strongest, and then selected the combatants from the armed servants who had been at sea for a long time.
The Jinghua Beiyang Fleet is even more fully prepared for war: ships expected to go into battle have returned to port for maintenance; they have also selected soldiers like the nobles...
The most special thing is that the Jinghua fleet carried a large number of special wooden frames. Each layer of the wooden frames was covered with thick soil. They also brought a lot of mung beans and soybeans - these were not used for cooking and eating.
The purpose is to cultivate bean sprouts at sea and avoid septicemia, which is the most likely to cause death. Septicemia is an important reason why Spain and the United Kingdom suffered huge non-combat deaths.
The preparations for the Beiyang Maritime Trade Alliance are becoming increasingly complete, and Gao Pragmatic finally received Huang Zhiting's reply, or statement.
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PS: After two days of acute enteritis, the person has become a dehydrated cucumber or an eggplant beaten by frost...