After the goal was clear, it was time for actual action. After sending away his uncle Zhang Siwei, Gao pragmatically called the only person under his command who could go out, the book boy Gao Xiaozhuang, to his study and asked him to go out and inquire.
The prices of several items.
Gao Xiaozhuang is fifteen years old this year, and he looks as his name suggests. Although he is still young, he is tall and strong among his peers. According to Gao's pragmatic estimation, based on the weights and measures of his previous life, this kid is estimated to be over 1.7 meters.
Five, and he has broad shoulders and thick arms, probably weighing a hundred and fifty pounds. In Gao Pragmatic's previous life, it was not unusual for him to grow to 1.75 meters at the age of fifteen. As for the weight... Haha, it is safe to exceed the standard. After all, nutrition is simply
It was too sufficient. But Gao Xiaozhuang, who was born in the Ming Dynasty, was just a "family son". Although he was still guaranteed to have enough food, he was probably overthinking how sufficient nutrition he could have. He could only grow to this size.
It can be said to be a genetic problem - his father, Gao Laosi, is quite burly and is one of the few strong men among the servants of the Gao family in Xinzheng.
Gao Xiaozhuang did not originally work in Gao Gong's family. He was the son of the sixth family of the Gao family, that is, Gao Pingshi's father Gao Cai. However, Gao Cai was away all year round, but Gao Xiaozhuang has always stayed in Xinzheng.
Gao pragmatically came to the capital this time. Gao Xiaozhuang and several other servants were later sent by Gao pragmatically's mother, Zhang, to take care of Gao pragmatically. After all, in Zhang's view, Gao Xiaozhuang and the other four servants
I have served Gao Jingshi for several years, and I am familiar with and at ease with him. In addition to the book boy Gao Xiaozhuang, the four people sent by Zhang also had a groom and two servant girls.
Gao Pragmatic was still young and had no chance to ride a horse. The groom actually used it as a handlebar, and he was a bit older, in his early forties. He was usually silent. Gao Pragmatic knew nothing about his driving skills.
Not bad and quite strong, but I haven't communicated much with him, and I really can't say that I understand him. Obviously I won't leave this kind of purchase to him.
As for the two servant girls, they are a pair of twin sisters. Even they themselves can't remember their original names. Anyway, one is called Shangyue and the other is called Tingqin. They were named by the pragmatic mother. Logically speaking, the maids are going out.
It's not unusual to buy something, but unfortunately, these two sisters are also very young, and they are only eleven years old this year. In fact, they were sold into the Gao Mansion as maids when they were four years old, so it's not that big of a deal.
Gao Pragmatic is an "old man" around him, so there is no problem with his loyalty, but it is not appropriate to let two little girls do this.
As a result, Gao Jingshi had no choice but to ask Gao Xiaozhuang to go for a run. Gao Jingshi asked Gao Xiaozhuang to inquire about the prices of several items. They were basically related to making soap. Of course, there were also several items that could be used to make customized products.
The fragrance of perfume.
As we all know, the basis of the modern chemical industry is "three acids and two bases". The "three acids" are sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid, and nitric acid. The "two bases" are caustic soda and soda ash (sodium carbonate). Perhaps in many people's minds, only sodium carbonate is
A chemical material commonly used in ancient China. After all, who makes dough and makes steamed buns without adding alkali? But this impression actually underestimates the wisdom of the ancient Chinese. In fact, in ancient China, sulfuric acid, nitric acid and even caustic soda could be produced and also
Someone really made it.
The main raw material for manufacturing sulfuric acid in ancient China was green vitriol, also called green vitriol. Green vitriol can decompose into iron oxide, sulfur dioxide, sulfur trioxide and water when heated to above 500°C; sulfur trioxide can react with water to produce sulfuric acid.
The chemical equation is: 2feso4·7h2o=(high temperature)fe2o3 so2 so3 14h2o
The product contains sulfur trioxide, which dissolves in water and becomes sulfuric acid. Since this sulfuric acid is obtained by calcining green vitriol, it was called "green vitriol oil" in ancient China. Green vitriol was the
Traditional Chinese medicine is recorded in many pharmacopoeias. The method of calcining green vitriol is not difficult: put green vitriol and rice vinegar in a casserole, cover it, put it on a charcoal stove and calcine it. When the green vitriol melts, use bamboo
Stir the tablets evenly to fully mix the alum and vinegar, then heat and simmer until everything turns purple, take it out and let it cool. [Note: The ratio recorded in ancient times is "100 kilograms of green alum and 20 kilograms of rice vinegar for each kiln."
.]
How did Gao Pangshi obtain the method of making nitric acid in ancient China? He was not very clear, but he knew that in the eighth century AD, the Arab alchemist Jabir ibn Hayyan discovered and
Prepared nitric acid, which seems to be the earliest human record of nitric acid. At the same time, he was also the discoverer of sulfuric acid and aqua regia. Therefore, China may have obtained the manufacturing of nitric acid through the Silk Road or Maritime Silk Road during the Tang and Song Dynasties.
Law.
As for saltpeter (potassium nitrate), it has been considered a specialty of China in ancient times, because only the Chinese can refine naturally occurring potassium nitrate.
It is recorded in "Tiangong Kaiwu": "All saltpeter is produced in China and barbarians, but China specializes in the northwest. If the dealers in the southeast do not introduce it to the officials, they will be considered as private goods and guilty. Nitrate and salt have the same parent, under the earth
Moisture evaporates and appears on the ground. Those close to water and thin soil become salt, and those close to mountains and thick soil become saltpetre. It dissolves when entering water, so it is called "nitrate". Chang, north of Huaihe River, celebrates the Mid-Autumn Festival, that is, the living room
Among them, sweep the floor every other day and take a little for cooking.
There are three sources of most common saltpeter: those born in Sichuan are called Sichuan saltpeter, those born in Shanxi are called saltpetre, and those born in Shandong are called earth saltpeter. When scraping and sweeping the common saltpeter (from the wall or in and out), put it into the tank and soak it in water for a while.
When the filth and miscellaneous things float on the surface, they are plundered and then put into the cauldron and poured into water for decoction. The nitrate water is dried and poured into the vessel. After one night, it will form nitrate. The one floating on the surface is called Glauber's salt, and the one with long awn is called Glauber's salt.
Horse tooth salt (all derived from the essence of the prescription), and the impurities below it are called plain salt. If you want to remove the impurities and make it pure, add it to water and boil it. Add a few pieces of radish and cook together, pour it into a basin, and it will turn into white snow.
, then call basin saltpeter. When making gunpowder, tooth salt and basin saltpeter have the same function.
When taking saltpeter to make medicine, use new tiles to bake small amounts, or roast large amounts in earthen cauldrons. Once the moisture is dry, grind it into powder. When grinding saltpeter, do not use iron to grind it into a stone mortar. If the interaction is stimulated, fire will occur, and the disaster will be unpredictable.
The medicine is divided into two parts, and the yellow powder is grinded at the same time, and the charcoal is added from behind. After the salt is roasted, it will be regenerated by moisture for a long time. When using a huge cannon, it is usually loaded at the last moment."
Although "Tiangong Kaiwu" will not appear forty or fifty years, its technology has already existed - in fact, there is no need to say more about this, otherwise how would gunpowder come from?
To put it simply, potassium nitrate is calcined in a closed container to generate nitrogen dioxide. Nitrogen dioxide dissolves in water and becomes nitric acid. When nitric acid is mixed with sulfuric acid, it becomes extremely corrosive aqua regia. The Arab alchemist
Sulfuric acid and nitric acid should be produced using the above method.
As for the production method of caustic soda, it is even simpler. The chemical composition of slaked lime, which is often used in building houses now, is calcium hydroxide (ca(oh)2). Mix it with a solution of alkali (na2co3) to get
Caustic soda. Its chemical reaction equation is: ca(oh)2 na2co3=caco3(precipitation) 2naoh
Caustic soda has many uses. For example, Gao Wuzhi is now using it to make soap. Making soap is very simple. In fact, it is to use the caustic soda generated by the reaction to saponify fat and turn it into soap. But it is also a coincidence. Gao Pragmatism
The reason why he remembers it clearly is because when he was the mayor of the town, he inspected a primary school in the town. The primary school was doing some comprehensive practice and interest cultivation. He happened to be very pragmatic and saw the children making many tricks one by one with high spirits.
The little soap. In order to show the great image of caring for the flowers of the motherland, Mayor Gao Da enthusiastically worked with the children and made several pieces of soap... Of course, in various time-travel novels, the protagonist making soap is a common stock
Skills, high practicality, you can learn them by reading novels when you have nothing to do.
As for soda ash, today's soda ash is not industrial soda ash made by the famous alkali-making methods of later generations, but natural soda ash. This has always been available in China, and its production areas are relatively widely distributed. Of course, in the capital city right now
, should mainly use the "kou alkali" produced in the Hetao area of Mongolia - most of it should be produced in the alkali lake belt of Oktuo Banner, Inner Mongolia in later generations. The soda ash in the alkali lake is the same as the salt in the salt lake, and does not require any technology
, it can be sold directly after being installed in a car, and since the Mongolians have little use for alkali themselves, it is used as a simple means of generating income, and the selling price is not high - or to put it simply: shockingly cheap.