Chapter 280 The Sword Points at Japan (Seventy) Please come to Hanyang
The questions raised by the three uncles and nephews of the Gao family are normal, because the position of "Chief Military Officer guarding Pyongyang" does not exist, and according to the military system of the Ming Dynasty, it seems that there should not be a General Military Officer in the vassal country.
reason.
But Gao Pragmatism had high pragmatic reasons. He replied: "The General Military Officer is in charge of military expeditions. Since our country can set up a General Military Officer for Pyongyang for temporary wars, why can't it set up a General Military Officer for Pyongyang for long-term peace?"
North Korea was invaded twice by Japanese pirates, and both times were completely defeated. During this period, China provided military training to North Korea, but to no avail. So, what if North Korea is invaded again in the future after this battle?
In my opinion, instead of bothering our heavenly soldiers with our expeditionary expeditions, it would be better to set up a garrison in North Korea and then permanently station an army of heavenly soldiers in Pyongyang, thinking it would be permanent."
When Gao Pragmatic said this, the uncle and nephew had to think about whether this was legal. There is a very brief overview of the military system of the Ming Dynasty in the preface of "History of the Ming Dynasty: Military Records", which goes like this:
:
"In the Ming Dynasty, martial arts determined the world and revolutionized the old system of the Yuan Dynasty. From the capital to the prefectures and counties, they all established guard posts. The capital department under external control was under the internal control of the Governor's Office of the Five Armies, and the top twelve guards were the emperor's personal soldiers.
During the expedition, the generals were ordered to serve as commander-in-chief, and the troops from the guard stations were transferred to lead them. Once they were ready, the generals wore their seals, and the officers and soldiers returned to their guard stations. This confirmed the wishes of the soldiers of the Tang Dynasty.
Emperor Wen moved north, following Taizu's will, but his ministers watched the troops, and it was the beginning of the frost. After the Hong and Xuan Dynasties, there was peace, so it was not long before there were difficulties in building forts. Yu Qian established the regiment camp, simplified the elite, and gave the first order
, soldiers and generals learn from each other, and their methods are quite good."
There are several issues here that require serious consideration.
The Ming Dynasty used martial arts to determine the world. After the world was pacified, when the civil war situation basically ended and peace entered, there was a question of how to deal with the troops (including soldiers and generals) left over from the war. And the reconstruction of the military system
, in order to deal with possible internal and external wars in the future.
The military has always had two major functions: one is external defense, which is the need for border defense and how to prevent the invasion of foreign military forces; the other is internal, it must have the function of responding to various domestic emergencies and maintaining social order. This
The most important thing in the middle is the security of the imperial family, especially the security of the capital and palace. We cannot let the armed troops point their spears at us.
Therefore, for a dynasty, it is necessary not only to maintain a regular army with combat effectiveness, but also to prevent them from being combined with local administration for a long time, resulting in a situation where the tail is too big and the warlords are separatist.
However, maintaining such a large-scale and numerous regular army was an unbearable burden on the imperial finances even in peacetime, and military expenditures in wartime were a bottomless pit that could not be filled.
Almost all dynasties in Chinese history were empires based on small farmers, and their financial sources mainly relied on taxes levied on small farmers. If farmers were levied excessively, the result would be farmers in exile, production wasted, and the huge army had no pay, and ultimately
Peasants rebelled, armies rebelled, and dynasties collapsed.
Historically, the direct cause of the collapse of the Ming Dynasty in the late Ming Dynasty was the increase in taxes and levies due to the war in Liaodong and the reduction of military expenditures in the west. As a result, the demobilized army combined with the peasant uprising army, forcing the Ming Dynasty to fight on both sides.
Eventually the rule collapsed, and the empire of 277 years collapsed.
From the perspective of the dynasty's rule, it needs a huge army, but it cannot afford to support them; it needs an army with combat effectiveness, but it is afraid that the soldiers and generals will learn from each other, and there will be a situation where the tail is too big to lose. For this reason, it wants to divide the soldiers and generals
relationship between them, but this will inevitably lose the combat effectiveness of the army;
It needs a trustworthy guard force to guard the palace, but it is also afraid that this force will suddenly point its guns at itself, leaving it unprepared. It is often wary of those who guard it with guns.
Suspicions, when there is any disturbance, they often say sadly: "I would rather betray others than others betray me."
Yu Qian was killed for this reason.
Yu Qian was loyal to Emperor Jingtai and controlled the troops guarding the capital. Therefore, after Yingzong's restoration, the eunuchs who came to power around Yingzong for planning and participating in the palace coup had to kill him - for no other reason than because he was the general of the army.
If you get to know each other, you can mobilize the army.
You know, Emperor Jingtai said he was seriously ill at that time, but after all, he died without any explanation after their restoration. However, after all, it was Emperor Jingtai and Yu Qian who defended the capital at the critical moment and protected the Ming Dynasty from the crisis, and they
But he treated the critically ill Emperor Jingtai like this and killed Yu Qian immediately with such cruelty.
In order to seize state power, people are so cruel and ruthless.
There are many such cases in Chinese history, such as the Yongzhen Incident in the Tang Dynasty and the violent collapse of Emperor Xianzong of the Tang Dynasty.
The design of the military system in all dynasties has been lingering among these pairs of contradictions that they cannot overcome. Understanding these pairs of contradictions, then we can understand the design of the military system in various dynasties in history and the problems that emerged during its practice.
Various contradictory phenomena can be easier to understand.
Many of these designs seem to be to maintain a standing army, but these soldiers and generals are not familiar with each other, and the army that has been raised without experience in war for a long time may quickly disintegrate and collapse once faced with war.
The design of the garrison system could actually only play a role in selling troops, which can be witnessed in the history of the Ming and Qing dynasties. However, Gao Pragmatic still wanted to set up garrison stations in North Korea, and the purpose was not so simple.
It’s time to turn to the general soldier system here.
During the Hongwu period, if there was a conquest, the princes and third-level direct governors would be dispatched as general soldiers to go to the battlefield. At that time, there were six general soldiers, namely: Yunnan, Datong, Guangxi, Liaodong, Xuanfu, and Gansu. These military and political settings
It shows that the general garrison officers and soldiers have been changed from temporary appointment to permanent appointment.
According to records, during the Yongle period, a town garrison was already established in the area, but in later generations, it was abolished and reestablished after several ups and downs. It was not until the Hongzhi period that a garrison was established and became permanent.
After Hongxi, general officers and soldiers have been added to various places one after another. After the Xuande, Jiajing, Longqing, and Wanli years, the number of general officers and soldiers has been continuously increased. Now, after the general officers and soldiers of the Ming Dynasty are stationed in various places, they have replaced the status of the original capital commander and become a local place.
The highest military official.
At this point, the military system of the Ming Dynasty has undergone tremendous changes: "After the Hong Yong period, the frontiers were troubled by the sun, and the generals disappeared, so they became permanent members." This system is called the "suppression and garrison system" in some historical materials, but it is regarded as
Perhaps it would be more accurate to call it the "camp system" for its setting up, and it would avoid confusion with the garrison system.
What is the camp system? Why did Gao Pragmatic say that both guard posts and general troops should be set up?
The camp military system is a bit complicated. In general, the appointment of military attachés in the barracks is discussed based on specific cases, and there are no unified rules and regulations. There are five levels, namely guard, assist guard, separate guard, guard, guard, and official rank.
According to the size, they are divided into many levels, namely generals, deputy generals, participating generals, and guerrillas. These are all called generals. The following are divided into generals, garrison, promotion, and Qianzong. The generals and hundred generals are all called battalions.
official.
The source of the camp officers is mainly the group of guards officers, from whom they are drawn, and the source is very single. Since it is very common for the guards officers to transform themselves into camp officers, the post of commander in chief among the guards' official positions is borrowed for the camp system.
The capital commander is originally the highest official of the local garrison, but as the battalion officer, the status of the capital commander is quite low, only one level higher than the garrison.
In addition to having a single source, the camp officers were not hereditary, which was a major feature of the Ming Dynasty's camp military system that was different from the guard system. This was also one of the reasons why high pragmatism required both guard posts and general troops.
What's the reason? The reason is that the guard system can stabilize the hearts and minds of some North Korean generals, while the general army system (camp system) can put the actual military power in the hands of the Ming Dynasty.
Just as Gao Pragmatic disagrees with killing all the Southerners, although North Korea's military generals are of no use, it is definitely not realistic to kill them all. Removing them all may also lead to security risks, so there must be a place to arrange them.
A health station is a good place to "provide for leisure people". As Gao pragmatically calls it, it is obviously impossible to set up only one health station in such a large North Korea, and it is necessary to set up several more. In this way, there will be enough places to
Arrange all the top military generals in North Korea "within the system" so that they still have official status and will not take desperate risks.
However, the broken system of guard posts is full of shortcomings. Even in the Ming Dynasty, apart from the individual guard posts on the nine sides, there are few reliable combat effectiveness. Therefore, the real main battle force must have other arrangements. This is the significance of the establishment of the general army -
—Introducing the camp system.
At present, there are dozens of generals in the Ming Dynasty. The methods of commanding the troops of each general are generally similar. Almost all of them use servants as the core and cooperate with some elites drawn from the guards to form a mobile force for combat.
Gao pragmatically said that he would recommend Zhang Wanbang as the commander-in-chief of Pyongyang. This raises a question: Although Zhang Wanbang's headquarters has strong combat effectiveness, judging from the current situation, the military post to be established in North Korea in the future may not be able to recruit any "elite"
bring it on?
After all, just look at the Battle of Zhenling and you will know that in a head-on confrontation of 30,000 North Korean "elites", nine against one, the losses caused to Zhang Wanbang's department were not even double digits.
But this is the reason why Zhang Wanbang should be the commander-in-chief.
As we all know, the Southern Ming Dynasty in the original history was not defeated by the Qing army, but by the former Ming army that surrendered to the Qing army. Those former Ming armies who fled the battle before surrendering to the Qing army saw their combat effectiveness soar after the surrender.
, often people can’t help but think: “I’ve never seen you guys so good at fighting before?”
Why? Just two points: First, the Qing army at that time was not as corrupt as the Ming army, and it was basically guaranteed that the surrendered soldiers would have food to eat; second, during the battle, the Eight Banners held the battle, and the surrendered troops were used as cannon fodder.
Because we are now more pragmatic and pragmatic, there is no need to go into the first one for the time being. I will mainly talk about the second one. Question: Why did the former Ming army become very fierce as long as the Eight Banners were pressing down the formation, and they were not like the crotch pullers in the past?
Because they had tried many times before and were really unable to defeat the Eight Banners, so when they entered the battlefield and were sent to lead the battle as usual by the Qing army, their mentality was: "You may gain some credit by attacking forward, but you will definitely die if you retreat."
So if you are forced to "move forward bravely", you will naturally always be able to "meet on a narrow road and the brave will win".
Gao Pragmatic believes that after being shocked by the Battle of Zhenling, Koreans - regardless of whether they are officials, soldiers, or civilians, should have enough respect for the name Zhang Wanbang. Therefore, as long as Zhang Wanbang leads the troops to suppress the battle,
If the North Korean army dares to advance instead of retreating, then even a group of sheep can show off the power of a pack of wolves.
Of course, having said that, after North Korea has gone through this war, especially after Japan's defeat, it is hard to say how many opportunities they will have to go to the battlefield. If the political measures are successful, maybe Zhang Wanbang's main task in staying in North Korea is simply to intimidate.
Not sure.
After listening to Gao Pragmatic's explanation, the three uncles and nephews of the Gao family came to understand, and they all thought this arrangement was good. In fact, the two great contributions Zhang Wanbang made in the past were very crucial. If it weren't for the fact that someone had always taken the credit before, and his seniority ranked higher than him.
Before, he was already worthy of being a commander-in-chief.
Another thing is... Zhang Wanbang is a general of the Xuan Dynasty and a direct descendant of the highly pragmatic school. If he can take charge of North Korea in the future, then North Korea will become a place where the pragmatism school radiates again.
Now that the internal discussion was complete, Gao Jingshi asked Gao Wuzheng and Gao Wuruo brothers to draft his memorial to the emperor and write a reply to Zhang Wanbang. Gao Qi had nothing to do, so he also said goodbye and left, saying that he planned to find Zhang Wanbang.
Takatora Toudo learns about the structure of Osaka Castle.
Not long after the three of them left, Gao Qi came back. Gao Pingshi was surprised and said: "Osaka Castle is said to be the most powerful city in Japan, surpassing Odawara Castle. Yu Fu asked clearly so quickly?"
"Uncle, it's not about Osaka City." Gao Qi came in a hurry, presented two letters with both hands, and said: "They are letters from the King of Joseon and Li Shanhai. My nephew has read them first, and they all talk about Quan Li's actions.
Since the failure has a serious impact, I hope my uncle can come to Hanyang to deal with it in person."
Gao pragmatic narrowed his eyes slightly and thought for a while before taking the letter and reading it.
The contents of the letters written by Li Hao and Li Shanhai are actually similar, and the main things mentioned are all summarized by Gao Qi just now. However, the starting points of these two people may be different.
There was only some fear in Li Huo's letter, and the words revealed that he was full of worries about the emperor's attitude after this incident. It seemed that he was mainly afraid that the emperor would be angry with him, the king of Korea, for not being able to control his subordinates, causing the Korean army to dare to attack the emperor.
Tomorrow's soldiers are disrespectful and simply acting against the will.
Li Huan's main request is probably to meet Gao Pragmatic as soon as possible. It is best to persuade Gao Ge Lao to say a few nice words to him, and at least to clarify his relationship in this matter - it is better to be incompetent than to have ulterior motives.
Well, if His Majesty the Emperor thinks that he, Li Huo, is behind this matter, he will be in big trouble.
The meaning in Li Shanhai's letter was obviously different. He meant that after this incident, everyone in the Korean court was frightened. Some were shocked by the strength of the Ming army's fighting power, and some were shocked by the courage of the Southerners.
Bao Tian... But no matter what, Li Shanhai believed that the time had come to promote North Korea's internal attachment, so Mr. Gao Ge could already come to Hanyang to preside over the matter.
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