Chapter 282 Discussing 'Three Concessions' Inside and Outside the Palace (Thirty)
Gao Yuan has already planned to go to southern Xinjiang, but he does not want to leave immediately, but will wait until after the New Year before setting off. This is also the meaning of the title. After all, the New Year is a big event in this era.
, not to mention that it is already approaching the end of the year, and the last few days are not missing.
Before the end of the year, the last major event for the court has arrived, that is, Li Shanhai, the plenipotentiary envoy requested by North Korea and his entourage, finally arrived in the capital, and the Ming court was finally going to make a final decision on North Korea's internal affairs.
It stands to reason that this matter has already been made clear to the higher-ups of the imperial court and must be accepted, and there should be no more complications. Who knows that something really weird will happen when the matter comes to pass.
It's not that some people are opposed to accepting the annexation, but some people suggest that for such a major event as the annexation of Korea, the emperor should not simply agree, but should make "three concessions", and gave the example of the famous Mingjun in ancient times.
When Emperor Wen of the Han Dynasty succeeded to the throne, he first went through the "three concessions" ceremony to bring peace to the world.
In fact, the reason why these people use Emperor Wen of Han as an example is obviously not to say that the two things are similar in themselves - the Ming Dynasty's acceptance of the internal annexation of Korea is completely different from the accession of Emperor Wen of Han to the throne. How could these courtiers be so messed up if they were not a scumbag?
Comparison? In fact, these people's intentions are in another aspect.
There is a saying about the etiquette of "three concessions". In ancient times, when emperors succeeded to the throne, ministers were granted titles and other major events, they often paid attention to the courtesy of three concessions and three concessions. Not to mention, Zhu Yijun's ascension to the throne was so justified.
Have you gone through this procedure?
Now some courtiers give the example of Emperor Wen of Han Dynasty Liu Heng entering Chang'an and ascending the throne. How do you think it should be related to the new emperor's accession to the throne? What matters are related to the internal affairs of Korea?
Emperor Wen was originally the fourth son of the great ancestor Liu Bang and the half-brother of Emperor Hui Liu Ying. His mother was Bo Ji. In the eleventh year of Emperor Gao's reign, he was granted the title of Dai Wang. After the death of Emperor Gao of the Han Dynasty, Empress Lu came to rule the dynasty. Emperor Hui of the Han Dynasty died young.
Zhu Lu controlled the power in the court. After Empress Lu died, Taiwei Zhou Bo joined forces with Prime Minister Chen Ping and others to crush Zhu Lu's power and welcome Liu Heng, the acting king at that time, to the capital to succeed him.
At that time, Liu Heng took Song Chang, Zhang Wu and six other confidants to Chang'an. When he arrived in Chang'an, he first sent Song Chang to inquire about the situation. Song Chang had just arrived at Wei Bridge, three miles north of Chang'an. Officials from the prime minister to the next level were waiting here for the king.
s arrival.
When Liu Heng came to Weiqiao, all the ministers paid homage and proclaimed themselves ministers. Taiwei Zhou Bo wanted to change places to talk to Liu Heng. Song Chang was worried, so he said: "What you say is public, what you say is public. What you say is private, the king does not keep it private." Meaning.
Let Zhou Bo speak to his face if he has something to say, and don't hide it.
Zhou Bo had no choice but to kneel down and offer the Emperor's Seal Talisman. However, Liu Heng did not accept it immediately, but said that he would wait until he got to the Chang'an mansion. This was a concession.
When they arrived at the palace of King Dai in Chang'an, all the ministers also followed him. Prime Minister Chen Ping, Taiwei Zhou Bo, General Chen Wu, Yushi Zhang Cang and other ministers knelt down to invite Liu Heng to ascend the throne of emperor.
Liu Heng declined again and said that he was not capable enough to take on the important task. The ministers could ask Liu Jiao, King of Chu, to discuss the matter. This was a concession.
Chen Ping, Zhou Bo and others knelt down and asked again: "I have a plan: Your Majesty, it is most appropriate for you to honor the ancestral temple of Emperor Gao, although the princes and people of the world think it is appropriate. I do not dare to ignore the plan of the ancestral temple and the country. May your Majesty be happy to listen to you.
I would like to present the emperor's seal before bowing before me." Chen Ping and others advised Liu Heng, not only for the ministers, but for everyone in the world. Everyone in the world thinks that you are the most suitable to wait for the emperor's position! These are the three concessions.
Liu Heng then said that since the clan, princes, generals and ministers all thought that I was the most suitable, I did not dare to refuse anymore, so he accepted the position of emperor and entered Weiyang Palace that evening.
Liu Heng entered Weiyang Palace in the evening, and that night he worshiped his confidant Song Chang as General Wei, in charge of the North and South Imperial Army. He appointed Zhang Wu as Lang Zhongling to ensure his personal safety as soon as possible. He also issued an edict overnight to grant amnesty to the world.
After the enthronement ceremony, Liu Heng welcomed Empress Dowager Bo to the Weiyang Palace, returned all the territories of various princes that the Lu group had invaded, rewarded the officials who had killed Lu, granted Zhou Bo ten thousand households, and granted five thousand catties of gold; Prime Minister Chen Ping, general
Each of the three thousand households in the town of Guanying was given two thousand catties of gold; Marquis of Zhuxu Liu Zhang, Hou Tong of Xiangping, and Marquis of Dongmu Liu Xing each had two thousand households in the town and were given one thousand catties of gold; Liu Jie, the Dianke, was made Marquis of Yangxin and given one thousand catties of gold...
As for the significance of the "three concessions" in this matter, in the eyes of later generations, it was probably just a show by Emperor Wen. After all, others had arrived in the capital, and they advised him to succeed, so why did he invite the King of Chu to discuss it with him?
Even a 20-year-old kid wouldn’t believe it!
However, the problem is that some "shows" must be done. Only by doing this show can it be considered that a certain process has been completed and it has legitimacy. In the end, people are left speechless.
Of course, North Korea's internal invasion did not mean that the new king came to the throne, but it happened that there were similar hidden dangers as when Emperor Wen of Han succeeded to the throne.
This hidden danger is that the world is undergoing great changes and people's hearts are uncertain.
Of course, it was not the Ming Dynasty that said "the world was undergoing great changes and people's hearts were uncertain", but North Korea.
As we all know, in the first year of Tang Zongzhang (668), the Tang army destroyed Goguryeo. The Tang Dynasty divided its territory into nine governors' offices, 42 prefectures, and one hundred counties. Andong governor's office was set up in Pyongyang to rule it, and Youwei was appointed
General Wei Xue Rengui was the guardian of the inspection school in Andong, leading 20,000 troops to guard the area.
The 27th king of Goguryeo, Treasure King Gaozang, was captured by the Tang Dynasty. According to the records in Sima Guang's "Zizhi Tongjian", the Goguryeo nobles and most of the wealthy households and hundreds of thousands of people were moved to various parts of the Central Plains and integrated into various ethnic groups in China. In addition,
Some of them stayed in Liaodong and became subjects of the Bohai Kingdom, while the rest integrated into the Turks and Silla. Since then, the Goguryeo country no longer exists in the world, and it officially returned to the rule of the Central Plains Dynasty for the first time after the Han Dynasty.
So here comes the question, since the country of Goguryeo disappeared from then on, where did the later Goguryeo appear? The answer is Silla.
At the end of the ninth century, Silla gradually declined due to the farmers' struggle against brutal feudal exploitation. During this process, Zhenxuan in the southwest and Gongyi in the north established the Later Baekje Kingdom and the Later Goguryeo Kingdom respectively, and the Korean Peninsula
As a result, it was split into the "Later Three Kingdoms".
This chapter is not over yet, please click on the next page to continue reading! The three countries later expanded their territories and competed, intensifying feudal exploitation and oppression unprecedentedly. What followed was land reform, the formation of new bureaucracies, and the decline of Buddhism.
The formation of Confucianism, etc., these events that occurred in the early 15th century were all part of the birth of the New Kingdom.
The chaotic era on the Korean Peninsula slowly came to an end in 918, when Wang Jian of Later Goguryeo was proclaimed king by his generals, and later Goguryeo fell.
Wang Jian immediately moved the capital to Kaicheng (called Songyue at the time). In order to facilitate the rule and make all the ministries submit to him, the Goryeo Dynasty established by Wang Jian claimed to inherit Goguryeo and changed the name of the country to "Goryeo" - here is an important explanation: Goguryeo and Goryeo are completely different.
Inheritance relationship!
A country that has been destroyed for 250 years, its people have long been dispersed to various places. The word Goryeo actually comes from the attachment of "high mountains and beautiful waters" in the Analects of Confucius. The later English name of Goryeo, "Goryeo", comes from the English name of Goguryeo.
Goguryeo". The English name "Korea" of Samhan is a deformation of the English name "Goryeo" of Goryeo. In fact, both "Goguryeo" are the pronunciation of Chinese characters introduced to Silla in the Tang Dynasty, and both come from ancient Chinese historical books.
In the early days of the founding of the Goryeo Dynasty, the north probably confronted the Bohae State along the Yongheung River north of the Taedong River. From 936 to 943, Goryeo expanded northward to Wonsan City in later Korea. In 993, the northwest of Goryeo reached the Yalu River.
After the Goryeo-Mongol War, the eastern and northern boundaries of northern Goryeo were occupied by the Mongolian Yuan Dynasty and became the twin cities of the Yuan Dynasty and Dongning Prefecture, which were subordinate to the Liaoyang Province of the Yuan Dynasty. Jeju Island has also been directly under the jurisdiction of the Mongols for a long time.
"Roman Military and Civilian General Administration Office" was responsible for the prevention of Japanese invasion and the affairs of overseas Koreans.
At the end of the Yuan Dynasty, Goryeo actively expanded northward and recovered the land occupied by Mongolia in the north. In 1388, the first year after the Ming Dynasty defeated the Northern Yuan army in the Northeast, Ming Taizu established the Tieling Guard to replace the Yuan Dynasty in Northeast China and the northern part of the Korean Peninsula.
Kaiyuan Road.
Since Goryeo claimed sovereignty over the northern part of the Korean Peninsula at Kaiyuan Road, the Ming Dynasty, which was focused entirely on continuing to conquer the remnants of the Yuan Dynasty, did not want to cause trouble, so it gave up its territory in the northern part of the Korean Peninsula at Kaiyuan Road and relocated Tieling Guards to Liaodong Province.
Jibao (later Fengjibao in the southeast of Shenyang, Liaoning Province). In the 26th year of Hongwu (1393), the Tieling Guards moved from Fengjibao to Yinzhou (later Tieling City, Liaoning Province).
In the late Goryeo Dynasty and the early Joseon Dynasty, Li Chenggui strengthened the management of the Tumen River Basin in the Korean Peninsula, recruited the Jurchens living in the area, and eventually made the Tumen River and Yalu River the boundary river between the Ming Dynasty and North Korea.
In short, Goguryeo was destroyed by the Tang Dynasty long ago. Later Goryeo split from Silla, then changed dynasties to Korea and gradually unified the Korean Peninsula.
Looking at its history, it can be said that the current Lee Dynasty, even tracing back to its ancestors, was never part of the direct rule of the Central Plains Dynasty. [Note: Please note that it is said that there was no direct rule here, but Silla was a subsidiary of the Tang Dynasty.
country.]
That is to say, the Ming Dynasty's acceptance of the annexation of Korea was essentially the first time that the Central Plains Dynasty fully and directly ruled the Korean Peninsula. Therefore, these courtiers who believed that the Ming Dynasty should make "three concessions" were actually worried that the Korean people would be dissatisfied with the annexation. If there was no
This process may lead to instability in subsequent governance, which will require more energy and more time to consolidate.
It can also be said that they believed that when Emperor Wen of the Han Dynasty succeeded to the throne, he made three concessions in order to gain legitimacy, and at this time, the Ming Dynasty needed three concessions, also in order to gain legitimacy.
This kind of thinking is actually not difficult to understand: North Korea is also a country that practices Confucianism. Now that you want to annex, I, the Emperor of Ming Dynasty, will make three concessions in accordance with tradition. If you still insist on annexing after three concessions, then you should naturally recognize me from now on.
Is it legal?
Zhu Yijun was quite fed up with this, but it was difficult to refute this truth, so he had to call in the six cabinet ministers again for Wenhua.
During the meeting, Zhu Yijun could not express his feelings, so he could only suppress his dissatisfaction and ask the ministers what they thought about this.
Wang Jiaping first expressed his opposition. His point of view was simply that although the three concessions did help to strengthen legitimacy in theory, North Korea was neither far nor close to the capital, and the envoys wanted to avoid unsafe sea routes.
We can only travel by land, and it takes two or three months to go back and forth (envoys are not marching, so they walk slowly).
In this case, if we still have to make three concessions, even if it is not a full year that has been delayed for no reason, it is completely unnecessary.
However, Zhao Zhigao, who had always had little presence in the cabinet, somehow had his own opinion this time. He and Shen Yiguan firmly stood on the side that should give way to three.
Zhao Zhigao's point of view is that the annexation of North Korea is a big deal, and North Korea has always called itself Little China - regardless of whether it is true or not, it is a country that worships Confucianism. In this case, our great dynasty has always paid attention to a "monarch, minister, minister", so naturally
Don't lose etiquette, you should have these three concessions.
Shen Guangyuan was a bit more direct than him. He clearly said that he did this to stop the North Korean officials and people from talking, and to prove that this attachment was not forced by Ming Dynasty, but that your king insisted on it, and Ming Dynasty reluctantly agreed.
Come down.
The subtext is that you should be more honest in the future. My emperor has taken you in because he is deeply benevolent. I don’t want to see the Korean people suffer. I don’t want to see your king lamenting day and night because he is worried that he will not be able to "die in the country of the emperor." He is not coveting your poor and remote country.
You have lost every acre of land, so don't you know what is good and what is bad.
It should be said that both of these statements are not unreasonable, but although Zhu Yijun is inclined to Wang Jiaping's point of view, it is still not good to ignore the opinions of Zhao Zhigao and Shen Guangyuan just because he is afraid of wasting time. After all, they occupy the word "ritual".
It is difficult to oppose this thing in Ming Dynasty.
Therefore, Zhu Yijun had no choice but to place his hope in Gao Pragmatic, hoping that Gao Pragmatic would understand what he meant and come up with an appropriate solution so as not to put him in a dilemma.
Gao Pragmatic was indeed a person who was good at solving problems. He first pondered why Zhao Zhigao and Shen Yiguan were so insistent on letting the emperor make "three concessions."
After thinking about it, I guess it is still a problem with the school's philosophy. Whether it is practical learning or mental learning, they usually say that their school is developed from Neo-Confucianism. In other words, they all think that they are the orthodox Confucian school.
However, what the Pragmatic School emphasizes is to be effective in managing the world and benefiting the people, which is essentially a return to the early Confucian tradition; the Xinxue School also believes that Confucianism during the Cheng-Zhu Neo-Confucian period has gone astray, but what they advertise is that they must first solve the problem of human thought.
It is believed that only after the moral level is comprehensively improved, other things can be understood. Therefore, not only the practical school considers itself to be "practical learning", but the Xinxue school also considers itself to be practical learning - moral practical learning.
Since it is a practical study that emphasizes morality, etiquette and law must be followed in everything, because etiquette and law are the expression of morality, so the "three concessions" must be present.
After thinking about this, Gao Pangshi rolled his eyes in his heart, but he couldn't face it and objected directly. Wang Jiaping dared to object now because he had already planned to become an official, and he was pressed for time and had heavy tasks.
We have to be busy rectifying the country's foundation, so naturally we are not willing to delay, and we are not afraid of direct opposition.
It's a pity that Gao Pragmatic doesn't plan to retire yet, so he can't do this and can only make peace with him: "I believe that etiquette cannot be abolished, but procedures can be adapted to reality. In my humble opinion, 'three concessions' are feasible, but they are not necessary."
Let Li Shanhai go back and forth three times... Anyway, he is a plenipotentiary envoy, so he can request the king of Korea three times and the emperor must give in three times... At most three days will be enough."
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