"These problems have deep roots, and over the past two hundred years, they have become entangled. It is very difficult to peel off the threads and cocoons. And if you want to cut through the mess quickly, you may end up with a strong dose of medicine.
If a person is withered, there is a high probability that the person will be gone when the medicine cures the disease."
Gao pragmatically rubbed his eyebrows in a rare way, shook his head and said: "So you see, my work over the years is actually like a treatment of integrated traditional Chinese and Western medicine. I am slowly consolidating the foundation and cultivating the Ming Dynasty, and at the same time, I am
List various diseases and prescribe the right medicine one by one.
On the whole, my treatment techniques should be said to be relatively mild, but from a partial perspective, they are vigorous and intense every time. The 'degree' in between is not so easy to grasp, so
I can only start with easy problems and gradually start to solve more difficult problems based on my prestige and status in official circles and even the military.
Now, I have opened most of the vassal ban, but at the same time, it has also caused the problem of the landlord class getting the opportunity to expand, so I have to go back and give these landlord class a channel to improve their social status to prevent their power from expanding.
There is nowhere to vent, and it becomes a factor of social instability."
Liu Xin smiled bitterly and said: "I always feel like you are making noodles. If there is too much noodles, add water. If there is too much water, add noodles. If there are too many noodles, add more water... and the cycle goes on endlessly."
"Although this sounds a bit sarcastic, I don't think it's sarcastic." Gao Pragmatic said seriously: "You have never worked in a government agency in your previous life, so you may lack experience in some things. In fact, many times what a government does is essentially
In making noodles.
However, you have to know that kneading dough is not an easy task - if you add too much water, the dough will be thin, and if you add too little water, the dough will become stiff, not to mention the task of kneading the dough, which also has a technique problem.
Should you knead harder or more gently? Should you knead faster or more slowly? When should you knead harder, when should you knead lightly, when should you knead faster, and when should you knead slower? Haha...it's all about it, everyone has it.
reason."
Liu Xin shrugged and said: "So, how do you plan to make peace with this situation, Master Gao? According to my understanding of you, you don't really want to cultivate a powerful landlord class, right? But now that you have opened the vassal ban,
And give these local landlords, who are bound to slowly grow, a channel to improve their social status, then what’s next?”
Gao pragmatically said: "As I said just now, 'I have to remedy what needs to be remedied, and I have to guide what should be guided.' The 'three-class system of foreign nobles' is a remedial measure for the opening of the vassal ban. The next step will be natural
It is to guide these landlords to evolve into the bourgeoisie."
"I think your statement is too abstract." Liu Xin shook her head and said, "Is there any clear statement?"
"Do you want to hear the details or the summary?" Gao pragmatically asked.
"This... sums it up."
Gao Pragmatic nodded and said: "In summary, it is to allow landlords to transition from a corvee economy to a capitalist economy."
Liu Xin was silent for a moment and said angrily: "Did you do it on purpose? You know I don't understand what this means, right?"
Gao Pingshi laughed and comforted: "It stands to reason that you have also studied Mao Zedong and Mao Zedong. I thought you could understand it to some extent."
"I still have some knowledge of capitalist economy, but I have never heard of landlord-corruption economy..."
"That shows that your study of these political economics things was too superficial." Gao Pragmatic shook his head and said: "At least I can be sure that you have never read Lenin's "The Development of Capitalism in Russia"
The book has a very in-depth explanation of these issues. The specific issue of the transition from the corvee economy to the capitalist economy should be in its third chapter."
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Liu Xin gritted her teeth and said fiercely: "Are you showing off that you went to a party school? If you have something to say, explain it to me clearly, but don't bully me with those special terms!"
"Okay, okay, I won't quote Lenin's original words. Although his statement is the most rigorous, it is indeed so rigorous that it takes a long paragraph to describe it."
Gao pragmatic smiled and said: "To put it simply, it is like this: the corvee economy is roughly the peasants cultivating the landlord's land for the landlord, and at the same time cultivating their own share of the land; they work for the landlord part of the time, and work for themselves the rest of the time...
Is this easy to understand?"
"It's easy to understand, but... we now have many farmers who don't have their own land at all," Liu Xin said.
Gao Pragmatic waved his hand and said: "Don't worry, I know the situation in the Ming Dynasty, but now I am just describing the 'corvee economy'."
"Okay, okay, I understand, you continue."
"Okay, then let me ask you, what are the necessary conditions for this economic system to maintain its existence?"
"Uh..." This question seemed a bit out of line for Liu Xin. She thought for a while and then said: "I think first of all, landlords must have land, and farmers, because they are poor, must farm for landlords to make a living... Uh, it seems like it should be
What else?”
"I'd better come to the conclusion directly." Gao Pragmatic shook his head and said: "First, the natural economy must dominate. In other words, the economic cycle within a certain region must be a self-sufficient and closed-off whole.
There is little contact with the outside world, and there is little need for contact.”
Liu Xin nodded and said: "I can understand this. It is the 'self-sufficient small-scale peasant economy' often mentioned in textbooks."
Gao Pragmatic nodded and said: "Although there is a slight difference, it is not a big problem if you understand it this way. In short, one of the prerequisites for the existence of this economy is that self-sufficiency is enough for local people to maintain their lives - and Lenin said that once the landlord
Producing food for sale is the precursor to the collapse of the old system."
Liu Xin's heart moved and she said: "Oh! So you want to..."
"Don't worry, I haven't finished the following points yet." Gao Pragmatic ignored Liu Xin's sudden realization and continued: "Second, in this economy, farmers must be tied to the land, otherwise the landlord cannot be guaranteed
Obtain labor force. So are you thinking about whether the requirements of a capitalist economy are exactly the opposite of this?
In other words, landlords must require farmers to be attached to the land, while capitalism must require farmers to leave the land, right?”
"Of course." Liu Xin nodded and said, "So Jinghua rarely recruits farmers with a small amount of self-cultivated land, and even the kind of long-term workers who are well paid in landlords' homes, Jinghua rarely recruits. Most of the ones Jinghua recruits
They are all bankrupt farmers who have lost their land for various reasons, or people who have become refugees due to disasters or other reasons."
Gao Pragmatic nodded and said: "Okay, then we can deduce the third point, that is to say, the personal attachment of farmers to landlords is a necessary condition for the emergence and maintenance of this economic system.
In other words, if the landlord did not have the power to control the peasants' persons, it would be difficult for him to force the peasants to work for him - but note that on this point, there is a difference between the Ming Dynasty and the serfdom of Tsarist Russia. Unless the peasants of the Ming Dynasty signed a
Otherwise, the landlord has no direct power over them."
Liu Xin nodded thoughtfully and asked, "Then what? What difference will it make?"
"The difference is that in Tsarist Russia, in order to transition from a corvee economy to a capitalist economy, serfdom must first be abolished. In the Ming Dynasty, we can basically omit this step, and almost only need to do one thing to get farmers off the land.
Breaking away from personal attachment to landlords means making farmers realize that it is indeed easier to make money by 'working' than farming."
"That's true, after all, everything in the world is for profit, and everything in the world is for profit. If there is a relatively stable income gap, no matter how stupid you are, you will know how to choose."
Gao pragmatic smiled and said: "It's not that simple. There is a systemic problem here that you haven't noticed. Although there is no serfdom in the Ming Dynasty, not just any farmer can freely choose to 'work'."
Liu Xin was stunned for a moment and said hesitantly: "What are the restrictions?"
"I think you are almost out of touch with the masses. You will definitely earn more by working in the city than by farming or working as a long-term laborer in the countryside. Do you think the farmers really don't know? At least some of them must have heard of it, so why do you think so?
Do these factories, mines and the like headed by Beijing Hua rarely recruit migrant farmers?”
Gao Pragmatic snorted and said: "For example, even if I no longer serve as an official, I still don't have any title, so I can still travel around the country. Why? Because I am a scholar, even if I no longer serve as an official, I am still a scholar.
As a member of a group of people, I have this power.
But can an ordinary farmer do this? Obviously he can't, because even if he just leaves the county to do something, he needs a road guide issued by the county government. If there is no road guide, he can't go anywhere.
Go, otherwise it is illegal.
Okay, then let me go back and ask: In order to promote the so-called "budding bourgeoisie" in the Ming Dynasty, of course we must first develop industry and commerce, so that the number of people engaged in industry and commerce will expand day by day, and then form the first batch of the so-called bourgeoisie.
However, if farmers in the countryside cannot leave the countryside at all, then how can it be possible to achieve my idea of attracting farmers to change careers and become workers through income differences?"
"Oh, that's it! You took such a big turn just to say that the road guide system must be abolished to create prerequisites for farmers to work in cities, right?"
"That's natural." Gao Pragmatic sighed and said: "That's why I said that once reforms are needed, many problems are complicated. If you change one thing, it will lead to that one, or even lead to many problems... The Ming Dynasty originally
It is an agricultural country, so its various systems must be essentially designed to maintain the production system of this agricultural country.
Since I want to push it towards capitalism, I must change all the 'systems' in the direction that capitalism needs. Only then can we achieve the ideal state of 'productivity and production relations are consistent'. Otherwise, even if I
Using power and violence to suppress people will only create a deformed monster in the end."
Liu Xin Haoran said: "You are right. At this point, I admit that I am indeed a bit 'out of touch with the masses', because I have never been restricted by road signs. In the past, when I traveled, as long as my servants reported my father's name,
Nature is unimpeded.
Later... I arrived at the Gao family, not to mention that no matter which prefecture or county I arrived along the way, if it weren't for the fact that I was a woman, the local officials would have come to greet me in person, and would have even invited local celebrities to arrange a banquet.
It takes some hospitality to feel at ease.
Even now, when I pass by a certain place, although it is difficult for the local officials to come and see me in person, they will definitely send people to take care of things before and after, deliver some fresh fruits and vegetables, and then send people to arrange food and accommodation or open the way for my group.
Alas, this Ming Dynasty is indeed divided into three, six, and nine levels, and I have almost developed a habit...I think you should feel more strongly about this situation, right?"
Gao Pragmatic smiled and did not continue. He just said: "In short, the so-called Luyin is a measure used by feudal society to restrict population mobility and tie the population to the land. Although there was no widespread serfdom in the Ming Dynasty, the Luyin system was undoubtedly
Played a similar role.
We must know that the most important taxes in an agricultural society with a natural economy are the head tax and the land tax. If the people run away and the land is deserted, where will the taxes be collected? Therefore, in order to tie the farmers to the land, they must be restricted.
flow.
But after all, people sometimes have to leave their place of origin. For example, society always needs people to go out to do business, and ordinary people will inevitably have the need to visit relatives and friends, so "Luyin" appeared.
I have compiled the "Da Ming Huidian", and I know these rules very well. For example, "If the soldiers and civilians go hundreds of miles away without being led away, the army will be considered as deserting, and the people will be considered as privately crossing the pass."
Then there is the saying, "Anyone who has no literary reference and privately crosses the Guanjin can use a staff of eighty. If the pass cannot be crossed through the gate or the Tianjin can't be crossed by crossing, the staff will be ninety. If someone crosses the border barrier and the border is blocked, the staff can be used with a hundred. It will last three years."
.Thus, those who are out of the country will be hanged, and those who guard the people who know it and indulge in it will be guilty of the same crime. Those who fail to cross-examine will be reduced by three levels, and the crime will be terminated with a hundred canes. 'You see, these regulations are so strict."
Liu Xin pondered: "Is it easy to get this 'road guide'? I mean, is it possible that we just need to find a workaround, which might cause less trouble?"
"Of course it's not easy to get." Gao Pragmatic shook his head and said: "It's actually very troublesome for ordinary people to apply for a road guide. They must first apply to the local Lijia in the township, and then submit it to the prefecture and county for review. After approval, the road guide will be issued. The name of the road guide must be indicated.
, age, address, reason for travel, start and end locations and return deadline.
There is only one reason why it is so complicated. The land at home is still waiting for you to plant it. Hurry up and go home and plant the land. Stop wandering around when you have nothing to do!
Oh, by the way, the Ming Dynasty was not the only one who engaged in road guidance. This kind of road guidance system was actually the inevitable choice of all feudal dynasties. However, it was called "Fu Chuan" or "Guo Suo" in the Han and Tang Dynasties, and it was called "Ping Yu" in the Song Dynasty.
', anyway, the purpose is to restrict personal freedom, tie people to the land, and stabilize social order. It's just called by another name."
When Liu Xin heard what he said, she couldn't help but become worried and asked: "Since it is so important, what reason are you going to find to change it?"
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Thanks to book friend "Cao Mianzi" for your reward and support, thank you!
Thank you to the book friend "Ride Alone to Photo Bixin" for your 8 photos of support, thank you!
ps: I originally planned to go for a driver's physical examination this morning, but when I checked before setting off, I realized, oh, it can be done on Saturday. The hospital doesn't do this service on Sunday, so I had to go tomorrow on Monday.