Chapter 283: Zheng Guoben (Yuan Wu), please go and live in your spare time
Why did Gao pragmatically have to look at Zhu Yijun before answering this sentence? Because although Zhu Changhao in his arms has been called "young master" by Chen Ju, after all, the emperor did not say this sentence himself at this time.
So Gao Pragmatic cannot treat him completely as a prince as a matter of course.
We have to talk about the education of princes in the Ming Dynasty. Because the Ming Dynasty is often considered by future generations to have many weird emperors, people think that the education of princes in the Ming Dynasty is very problematic.
In fact, it is not the case. At least from an institutional level, the Ming Dynasty had relatively systematic regulations and many "routine arrangements" for the education of princes.
The princes of the Ming Dynasty received education, which can be roughly divided into two categories: "preschool education" and "formal education." Among them, "preschool education" basically refers to the education of concubines and the education of eunuchs.
Generally speaking, the children of Chinese royal families grew up in the inner courtyards of the harem from birth. They were not allowed to leave the palace until they reached a certain age, and ordinary courtiers and ministers were not allowed to enter the inner courtyards of the harem. The same was certainly the case in the Ming Dynasty.
.The young prince in the Ming Dynasty court was in this state.
Therefore, the enlightenment education of young princes is usually undertaken by the queen mother, empress and their biological mother. Of course, this is also a common situation in ancient Chinese society. It is not only the royal family, but also other aristocratic families, local powerful people and even ordinary families.
mode.
So, can the concubine take care of the little prince's enlightenment education? Generally speaking, it is possible.
Taizu's queen, Ma, was "kind, wise, and fond of history books." She was "diligent in internal governance, and paid attention to ancient precepts in her free time." Since Empress Ma herself had a good grasp of history books and ancient precepts, she was also very strict in the reading education of the young prince.
As we all know, during the Ming and Qing Dynasties, Cheng-Zhu Neo-Confucianism was the orthodox thought of the country. During the Hongwu period, "Edicts were established in Xi's palace". Therefore, regarding Zhu Xi's works and thoughts, the emperors of the Ming Dynasty would try their best to make them
Children and grandchildren went to study and study. Among them, Zhu Xi's "Primary School" was a very important elementary school textbook in the Ming Dynasty court.
Empress Ma used "Primary School" as a model to teach young children to read and learn formal etiquette, while also giving them some moral constraints. Empress Xu of Chengzu Renxiao liked reading when she was very young. At that time, people called her "daughter"
Outstanding people in life.
So, are smart and virtuous queens like Ma and Xu considered a minority in the Ming Dynasty? Not really. It is recorded: "Queen Renxiao of this dynasty wrote "Internal Training" and "Nv's Precepts", and the Empress Dowager Zhangsheng also wrote
"Women's Training" is now engraved in the inner palace and awarded in Yu Nei."
It can be seen that most of the women in the harem, especially the queen mothers and empresses, came from the families of middle- and lower-level officials, and they themselves were educated. Even if they did not study enough in their early years, they still had the opportunity to study after entering the palace.
Therefore, they compiled the original enlightenment teaching materials in the palace and their own insights into books and words to alert young sons, and set them up in the inner palace so that the young sons could learn from them and learn from them.
You may want to say that their intellectual level is probably not that high. This may be true, but this kind of intellectual level is only used to enlighten the young prince, and that is not enough.
Of course, in addition to this, there are also some queen mothers, who are strict in disciplining the little princes, such as Zhu Yijun and his biological mother, Queen Mother Li, which need not be mentioned again. In short, the first stop for the little princes’ preschool education is the education of the concubines.
Then it was the eunuch's turn to educate. This was a rare system in the Ming Dynasty that had nothing to do with Zhu Yuanzhang. After stabilizing the Ming Dynasty, Zhu Yuanzhang took history as a lesson. In order to prevent the eunuch situation from arising, he placed less than a hundred eunuchs in the palace.
, and promulgated ancestral precepts that stipulate that eunuchs cannot wear the clothes of foreign ministers, cannot concurrently hold the title of minister of civil and military affairs, and that eunuchs' food, clothing, housing, and transportation should be in the inner court, thus restricting the personal freedom of eunuchs.
Zhu Yuanzhang also ordered someone to put up an iron sign at the entrance of the palace, which read, "Ministers are not allowed to interfere in political affairs, and those who interfere will be killed." However, it is obvious that this policy was well-intentioned and the policy of suppressing eunuchs did not last long. Until King Zhu Di of Yan was in trouble
After he successfully ascended the throne and became emperor, he often appointed eunuchs to go on missions, supervise the army, divide towns and arrange the affairs of the subjects, and selected instructors to enter the inner court to teach the eunuchs how to read.
In the early days of orthodoxy, "The eunuch Wang Zhen opened a study hall in the inner court, and selected officials such as Hanlin to review Zhengzi to join the church. Therefore, many of the inner officials were intelligent and knowledgeable about the meaning of literature." Since then, the cultural level of eunuchs has gradually improved, and specialized educational institutions have been established.
The inner study hall provided the backing for his education. Correspondingly, before the young prince left the court for education, in addition to the education of the concubine, the eunuch's education of the prince also became a very important part.
Since the eunuchs and attendants in the inner court were with the youngest sons of the clan every day, their words and deeds had a subtle influence on the growth of the prince. During the Chengzu period, most of the eunuchs were "elegant and elegant, and loved by Chengzu. They taught Jin to read, study classics and history, and
He is good at writing letters and serves Renzong in the East Palace."
The eunuchs studied in the inner study hall the "Four Books", "Five Classics", "Extensions of the University" and "Zhenguan Zhengyao", etc. The study of these knowledge has a certain effect on the guidance and education of young sons. For example, Xianzong's son
Zhu Youtang grew up in the inner court, so he could only get along with eunuchs. When he was nine years old, a learned eunuch dictated to him the "Four Books" and ancient and modern political canons.
Of course, the knowledge level of the eunuchs was still limited, and they could only teach the prince relatively superficial knowledge. Because Xiaozong had more contact with the eunuchs, after he succeeded to the throne, Xiaozong selected the eunuch Liu Jin to serve the Prince of the East Palace in his studies. Liu Jin had been treacherous since he was a child.
He was eloquent, could read and write, and often teased the prince to please him, so Xiaozong valued Liu Jin even more.
During the Sejong Dynasty, mature eunuchs who were well-educated and steady were ordered to accompany the prince to study, learn literacy and learn basic etiquette in the palace. For example, Longqing never had the opportunity to obtain formal education in his early years, so he was mainly accompanied by eunuchs to study.
This chapter is not over, please click on the next page to continue reading! It was not until Jiajing had fewer and fewer surviving sons that Jiajing had no choice but to order King Yu to go out to study, and sent Gao Gong, Zhang Juzheng, Chen Yiqin and others to teach Yu.
Wang, Longqing only then received formal education. It was precisely because Longqing realized at this time how shallow what he had learned in the past was that he later respected and trusted his "class teacher" Gao Gong so much.
As for the illiterate emperors who always appeared after Shenzong Zhu Yijun in the original history, it was more of an accident. For example, Emperor Taichang Zhu Changluo was unable to leave the court to study because of the dispute over the country's foundation. He died immediately after becoming emperor, which led to his
His son Emperor Tianqi succeeded to the throne in a hurry without completing his studies, and the Carpenter Emperor emerged from this.
As for the "Holy King" Zhu Youjian of Chongzhen, this man originally only believed in the king, and the court did not arrange for him to be educated as a prince at all. From elementary school, he was taught how to be a good vassal king who would wait for death.
Unexpectedly, his emperor brother fell into the water while rowing a boat and died of a cold and fever at the age of twenty-three. Zhu Youjian suddenly picked up the throne, but he didn't know how to be an emperor at all. He thought he was very knowledgeable, so he
He made all the mistakes he could, and finally suffered from all kinds of delicate diseases in the Ming Dynasty until he was terminally ill after more than ten years.
Speaking of which, the prince's preschool education generally has little to do with foreign ministers. Even if Zhu Changhao's future preschool education theoretically has nothing to do with high pragmatism, unless he insists on intervening - such as choosing Zhu Changhao
A companion or something.
However, formal education, that is, the prince "going out to study", has something to do with Gao pragmatism, especially after what Zhu Yijun said just now.
"The prince goes out to study" is divided into two categories: the prince goes out to study and the prince (prince) goes out to study. The important point here is that the difference between the former and the latter is very, very, very huge.
The crown prince leaving the court to study is a major event in the world. From the emperor to the ministers, everyone is extremely concerned about this. The officials who give lectures on the crown prince's studies are also carefully selected - this can be seen from Zhu Yijun's lectures when he and Gao pragmatic were studying.
Just look at the official specifications: Gao Gong, the first assistant, is the "head teacher", Zhu Xizhong, the Duke of Cheng, and Shen Shixing, the "executive deputy head teacher".
The corresponding ordinary princes or underage princes went out to study, which was just a formality. Except for Prince Yu of the Jiajing Dynasty, the others basically just dealt with it casually - of course, they still paid attention to it at the beginning, such as
Zhu Yuanzhang still attaches great importance to this.
However, the above is just a brief introduction. This matter still needs to be more professional and dealt with from the system.
The crown prince is "the foundation of the country, so he inherits the throne of heaven after the holy body." As the crown prince of the country, his education naturally receives special attention. Zhu Yuanzhang, the emperor of the Ming Dynasty, summed up historical lessons and established a group of meritorious ministers with rich political experience.
The system of concurrently serving as the crown prince's East Palace official. Of course, Zhu Yuanzhang did not set up a special official for the East Palace, mainly to prevent the formation of a power decision-making center with the crown prince as the center.
In the early Ming Dynasty, there was no special East Palace official system. Except for the prince's young master and young master, other officials such as Zhanshi and Zanshan were concurrently held by senior ministers. In the 20th year of Hongwu, the Zhanshiyuan was established.
Later, it was changed to Zhan Shifu. Later, Si Jilang, Si Jian and Tongshi Sheren were added.
After Chengzu succeeded to the throne, he ordered the old system to be followed. Zhan Shifu, Zuo Chunfang, You Chunfang and Si Jing Bureau jointly tutored the prince. Corresponding official positions were set up under these four institutions.
Specifically, Zhan Shi was in charge of the political affairs of the Mansion, Fang, and Bureau, and Shao Zhan Shi was on the left. "Everyone who serves the prince, and the Hanlin officials of the Fang, Bureau, etc. go directly to lecture on Shangshu, Spring and Autumn, and Zizhitong."
"Jian", "Explanations of the University", and "Zhenguan Zhengjia" were compiled into Zhang Jinyu in the early stage, and then went to the Wenhua Hall to give lectures. After the lectures were completed, he led his staff to handle important military and state affairs and provide instructions to all the officials.
The vassal's favor and righteousness were expressed to the prince."
Chunfang University Scholar "is in charge of the prince's invitation to the prince, the opening of the letter and the lectures and readings".
Xima "is in charge of the collection of classics and history, the compilation of canons, and the compilation of books and periodicals. He also establishes the original version and copies, and stores the copies for future reference. All those in the East Palace in the world's atlas will receive and store them." Other officials in the government, office, and bureaus
, each has his or her own duties.
Most of the Zhanshi Mansion was headed by other officials. Before Tianshun, there were ministers, ministers, and censors who were both in charge. After Chenghua, the ministers of the Ministry of Rites were in charge, and ministers were also in charge of those who came from Hanlin. As for Chunfang University Scholars,
After Jingtai, only Yang Tinghe once held this position, and it was not re-established later. Officials such as Si Zhi, Si Jian, and Qing Jilang were also rarely appointed.
In the middle and late Ming Dynasty, "when the crown prince went out to study, he was also taught by other officials. The Zhan Shifu, Zuo Chunfang and the Economic Affairs Bureau no longer played an actual role in tutoring the prince, and they simply became the transfer of Hanlin officials." In the early Ming Dynasty,
The establishment of officials in the East Palace gradually developed and improved. Zhan Shifu, Zuo Chunfang and Si Jing Bureau each performed their own duties, with detailed division of labor and rules to follow, thus providing a relatively complete education system for the prince's education after leaving the cabinet.
Of course, although the official staff of the East Palace was relatively complete, most of its internal academic staff, such as Zhan Shifu, were concurrently led by other officials. Official positions such as Si Zhi and Si Jian were not set up after Jingtai. In short, by the middle and late Ming Dynasty,
Officials such as Zhan Shifu were in name only and had actually lost their function of guiding the prince to study outside the court.
By the way, when it comes to princes and princes studying, when Zhu Yuanzhang established the vassal system in the early Ming Dynasty, he said: "When a prince is granted a title, those who are not in a country should go out to study." For young princes, at least Zhu Yuanzhang's education for them is still the same.
Take it very seriously.
He stipulated for the academic staff responsible for educating the kings: "When it comes to officials, they select ministers or Jinshi and transfer them to Hanlin officials." In terms of the distribution of official positions, there are two Hanlin reviewers, two ministers, two ministers, and two Hanlin reviewers.
Most of the staff were born as Jinshi, and the attendants were selected from the people of Zhongshushe.
By the Tianshun period, the clan princes had no real power, and the court's attitude towards the clan princes was basically to raise pigs. Since they were just raising pigs, it didn't matter how well they studied. Therefore, the Yingzong switched to two Jinshi to be responsible for the prince's education after leaving the cabinet.
After the prince actually leaves the palace, the Jinshi personnel will be promoted to the chief historian of the palace and continue to tutor the prince in his study and study.
Generally speaking, although the original educational institution for the prince to study was not as careful and strict as the Prince Zhanshifu and the Economic Affairs Bureau, its personnel distribution was relatively complete. After the Yingzong, this system was changed to a casual teaching system.
Well, and... I'm afraid there is still a mentality of "it's better not to teach too well".
Of course, in this way, normal Jinshi would not be willing to teach the princes, because as I just said, in the country of princes, these two Jinshi will be promoted to the Chief Historian of the Prince's Palace - who would care to be the Chief Historian of the Prince's Palace like you? I
If you don't do this long history, if you're lucky you can be in the cabinet, if you're unlucky you can be a powerful official, your future will be much better than if you just hang around and wait for death all your life, right?
The issue of the age when you leave the imperial court to study has been discussed in the previous part of this book, so I won’t go into it here. In the final analysis, it depends on the emperor. If the emperor recognizes you as his heir early, then you will leave the imperial court to study very early.
The earliest one was Yingzong Zhu Qizhen, who was even only two years old - this was earlier than Gao Pragmatic's enlightenment. As for the later ones, it is uncertain. For example, Emperor Tianqi succeeded to the throne at the age of sixteen and did not start studying until he was seventeen...
This is not considered a prince's education, it is directly regarded as an emperor's education.
At this point, Gao Jingshi's performance just now was explained - Queen Wang said, "I hope Gao Aiqing can teach Hao'er well in the future." And Gao Jingshi, as a bachelor of the current cabinet, he can and can only teach the crown prince, and Jue
It is impossible to teach the kings, because the officials of the kings are only two Jinshi who have not yet been assigned official positions.
Gao Jingshi looked embarrassed and had no choice but to look at the emperor. At this time, the emperor smiled and said nothing. Gao Jingshi could only think that he had already acquiesced - acquiescence to what? Of course, he acquiesced that "Hao'er" was the prince.
So you, Gao Aiqing, just agree to it. This matter does not violate the ancestral system.
As soon as Queen Wang left, Gao Pragmatic stood with his hands down, waiting for Zhu Yijun to speak.
Zhu Yijun was silent for a moment, then suddenly heaved a long sigh and asked with a bit of desolation: "Pragmatically, if I immediately make Hao'er the crown prince, can the investigation into the medicinal eucalyptus be stopped here?"
Gao pragmatic didn't expect the emperor to ask such a question, so he was silent for a moment and asked: "Why is the emperor like this?"
"I..." The emperor seemed to have something he really didn't want to say, so he fell silent again.
"I don't want to see Concubine Zheng in such a mess. Is this a good enough reason?" After an unknown amount of time, Zhu Yijun suddenly said loudly. Then he looked seriously into Gao Pragmatic's eyes and asked slowly: "What you want is just Li Hao'er,
It’s not necessary to force Concubine Zheng to death, right?”
"The emperor's words are serious. The establishment of a crown prince is the hope of the world, and the establishment of a direct descendant is bound by the patriarchal clan. How can it be the wish of only one minister?" Gao Pragmatic suddenly took off his official hat, held it up with his hands, and bowed down, saying: "If your Majesty,
I think what I am saying is unfair and I dare not defend myself, so please go to work and live in leisure."
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