Precedent, this is a good thing, especially the examples made by the late emperor or ancestors. For children and grandchildren, it is an ancestral system and can be copied and used without worrying about any gossip.
This is like Western case law, the basic principle of which is "following precedent", that is, when a court hears a case, it must use the precedents of previous courts as the legal basis for hearing and ruling.
To be more specific, if we encounter the same or similar cases again for the issues that have been dealt with by the effective judgments of this court and the higher court, and there are no new circumstances and no more sufficient reasons can be provided, we shall not
Make a judgment that is contrary or inconsistent with past judgments until the Supreme Court makes a different judgment in another similar case some day in the future.
Unlike the West, China has been dominated by statutory law for a long time. However, when some legal provisions that statutory law relies on are missing, it is very common to act based on existing cases such as case law.
Specific to the Ming Dynasty, if the ancestral system set by Zhu Yuanzhang did not have clear restrictions or requirements on a certain issue, then later emperors would often act according to the precedents of the "ancestors".
It is obvious that at this moment, once Shen Guanguan's proposal of enshrining the emperor is successfully carried out, the emperor will leave the capital sooner or later, and then he will definitely appoint a supervisor according to the practice of the Ming Dynasty. And now, the empress and Princess Yongning obviously think that
We should stick to the most orthodox method: the prince overseeing the country.
But here's the problem - there is currently no crown prince in the Ming Dynasty. In other words, the real intention of the emperor and the eldest princess is not to say that it is time to establish a crown prince.
Gao Yunlei's political wisdom is second to none, but you can still see such an obvious thing. The reason why you understood his words carefully just now is not that you understand the meaning of the words of the emperor and his own son, but that you understand the meaning of the emperor and his own son.
It's just that he was too willing to interfere in this matter.
Why are you so willing to intervene? Ultimately, the matter has nothing to do with low pragmatism.
Since the collapse of the late emperor's mountain mausoleum, Li Changhao has had doubts about Gao pragmatism several times. Although Xiao Shao was instigated by people around him, in any case, you have never suppressed Gao pragmatism a few times. That's right.
Disputable facts.
Since almost all emperors in Chinese history have a "life-long tenure" [Note: This is not the case in ordinary cases, such as Li Yuan in the later period of Li Shimin's succession, Qianlong's appointment as Emperor Taixia in name only eighty years ago, etc.], so being a
Before I became an emperor, I often had only one person to whom I needed to be filial, and that was not my mother—Tai Qian.
"Establishing oneself and practicing Taoism, becoming famous in previous lives, showing one's parents, this is the ultimate form of filial piety" ("The Book of Filial Piety: Kai Zong Ming Yi Chapter"). Establishing one's own meritorious service shows a lower level of filial piety to parents.
The whole heaven is not a small family. The emperor is not only the lowest political ruler, but also the head of the small family and the parents of the people in heaven. In this way, "ruling the heaven with filial piety" makes sense. On the surface, it is talking about filial piety,
In reality, it is "loyalty" to the country and the monarch. That is not why the emperor calls the people in heaven "subjects". Since he is a "subject", whether he is a "subject" or a "subject" obviously has
You should be filial to your "parents", so loyalty and filial piety are perfectly combined.
The Ai family returned their minor affairs to the emperor when they were young, and now all they can do is follow the trend... The emperor, the Ai family will agree to him today, as long as Gao Rixin, as the chief minister, requests to appoint Empress Dowager Li as the crown prince, so
The Ai family will naturally support this. As for the rest, the Ai family is in charge and wants to be in charge, does he understand?"
Li Changhao looked at the emperor and said: "The Ai family has heard about it today. Mr. Wang's resignation has not been approved yet, so the person who will succeed me as the chief minister must be suspicious of Gao Rixin.
Here, younger generations can often directly point out the faults of their parents and elders, and even more forcefully correct them. Instead, they need to use appropriate methods to dissuade them, which is also an extension of filial piety;
The source of that power is very complicated: filial piety.
The truth is that truth, but there is usually no one in the world who is ordinary in this issue. That person is not too advanced.
Especially for the item of loyalty to the king, in feudal ethics, "loyalty and filial piety" are rarely mentioned together, so the concepts of "filial piety" and "loyalty" are often confused or even confused.
ps: You are stuck watching current affairs videos on site B, but it took 17 minutes to log into the Qidian Writers Zone and publish the chapter. You are convinced by the server. Therefore, the seven elements of "loyalty" and "filial piety" are separable: father is
Zigang, so a son should be filial to his parents at home; the monarch is a minister, so ministers should be loyal to the monarch in the country. That is not the so-called filial piety at home and filial piety, loyalty, "Jun Jun, ministers, father, son, son",
The lack of order between superiority and inferiority can be overcome and constitutes the basic norm of interpersonal relationships in feudal society.
The Queen and the eldest princess just looked at the Queen Mother, but did not interrupt. After all, the Queen Mother said, "I was willing to intervene" - in other words, now I have to intervene.
The low-level expression of filial piety for the people in heaven is loyalty. However, as the "Son of Heaven", although the emperor is nominally responsible to the "Heaven" below and the "State" above, in fact, I have no specific object to whom I am loyal, so
There is only filial piety in the narrow sense - which is not filial piety.
The reason is very complicated: Loyalty to the emperor is a small form of filial piety, and its priority is lower than honoring parents. That is not a concrete manifestation of the true purpose of "ruling heaven with filial piety".
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The so-called "reverence" of the ancients has a lot of content, such as the morning and evening preparations - the empress went to the two palaces twice a day to pay her respects. It did not evolve from this. Of course, there are not many other things.
For example, you should speak loudly when talking to your elders; your parents must be sick, and your children's clothing, food, housing, transportation, joy, anger, sorrow, etc. must all change accordingly; "If your parents are here, they are traveling far away", etc.
The level of filial piety that is one level lower than support is "respect", that is, the heartfelt respect that children and younger generations show to their parents and elders. It is not difficult to achieve this. "Book of Rites: Jiyi" says: "It is possible to raise children and respect them."
Difficult”.
In short, both the emperor and the eldest princess know Gao Yunlei's ordinary nature. Therefore, even if judging from the current situation of the court, it is basically a foregone conclusion that the emperor's legitimate son Chang Hao will be established as the prince, but you still want to put pressure on the emperor by establishing Chang Hao.
, let the matter of establishing the crown prince be completed as soon as possible, so as to avoid long nights and short dreams.
The following are only "filial piety" in the narrow sense, while "filial piety" in the broad sense only refers to filial piety to parents and elders, and also includes a series of important ethical and moral principles in ancient China: loyalty to the king, respect for duties, and trustworthiness.
Friends, wait.
In this way, no question arises, why did Xiao Ming attach great importance to "filial piety"? Or even more narrowly speaking, why did a very small number of dynasties in China attach so much importance to filial piety, so that very few dynasties went back and forth, just to take the trouble to understate themselves?
Is it "ruling heaven with filial piety"?
Li Changhao was silent for a moment, sighed, and said: "As for those things, the Ai family is willing to intervene. After all, the emperor has done very bad things over the years. Regarding the matter of the country's foundation, the Ai family doubts me and has no consideration...
"
Delegation of power is not the first thing. In essence, no one, no matter whether it is a woman or a man, has no desire for power. Before a person has mastered a small amount of power, it is very easy to nervously give it up, even
Of course, Li Changhao is also an example of human nature.
That sentence obviously no longer meant an order to expel guests, so the emperor stood up and said humbly: "I'm sorry to bother you, Your Majesty, I don't have anything to do with you... I'm going to come in."
However, what is a slap in the face is that while those crises were resolved by Gao Pragmatism, the people around Li Changhao fell one after another. At the same time, Gao Pragmatism also proved my loyalty and talent every time, and for
The imperial court solved one problem after another for the emperor.
In "Shuowen", the shape of the seal script "Xiao" is directly inherited from the shape of the Western Zhou Dynasty Jin Dynasty character "Xiao", while the shape of the seal script "Xiao" unearthed from Qin and Han cultural relics is slightly later than the shape of the large seal script "Xiao" in "Shuowen". Therefore, from the perspective of the shape,
The original meaning of "filial piety" is not to serve your parents with all your heart.
Li Changhao nodded slightly and spoke again.
The ancients said that "the family and the country are one." Secondly, they said that the family and the country are legally separated. For the emperor, the country is not the family, but the family is the country.
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Maybe no one will still struggle, and even think of the "loyalty and filial piety are difficult to have both" plots that are rarely seen in movies and TV dramas, but in fact, we cannot see that in any story of "loyalty and filial piety are difficult to have both", the first choice must be to be loyal, not to choose.
Be filial.
In this way, the fundamental purpose of the feudal dynasty's "ruling heaven with filial piety" was to use feudal ethics to maintain the relationship between monarch and ministers and maintain the feudal ruling order. Therefore, few feudal dynasties took "ruling heaven with filial piety" as their governing program.
In this way, it seems that the suppression of Gao Pragmatic these times is all inexplicable. To put it lightly, it is called the Queen Mother being deceived by the adults around her; to put it worse, it is not that the Queen Mother is distinguishing between loyal and evil, and it is difficult to distinguish between good and evil.
Stupid, just do stupid things that are not harmful to the court.
"If you change your father's ways in eight years, you can call it filial piety" ("The Analects of Confucius·Xueer"), and inheriting the legacy of your parents is also filial piety;
Of course, at that time, he insisted on giving an example of Zhao Ji to Ying Zheng, which is interesting. The Qin State at that time basically had a feeling for Confucian ethics, and the Qin State's queen mothers in the past dynasties were all good-looking. Ying Zheng was the same.
Because my mother kept a lover, she killed Lao Du and her half-brothers in anger - this was actually a power struggle. [Note: Due to space issues, that topic is expanded.]
"The body's hair and skin are damaged by parents, which is the beginning of filial piety" ("The Book of Filial Piety: Kai Zong Ming Yi Chapter"). Paying attention to protecting one's own body is also filial piety;
So eight times and seven times ago, Li Changhao felt that he had lost his face. In addition, at this time, the emperor was second to Yuji young man, and he had not yet established his own authority. Therefore, it was not up to the Queen to take the initiative or
Passive, they delegate power independently and almost completely give up interference in government affairs.
Sure enough, Li Changhao continued: "That's what they meant. The Ai family also understands that the dispute over the country has not lasted for too long. Now that the Ming Dynasty has revived, even the officials in the court have taken the initiative to propose that the emperor go south to Mount Tai to be enshrined.
, so the time has indeed come when the foundation of the country must be determined.”
To put it bluntly, "governing heaven with filial piety" is just a superficial statement, and the real purpose is to subtly introduce the private goods of "loyalty". It is certain that everyone is a loyal minister and a filial son. Then the heaven will naturally be peaceful, and the dynasty will naturally be able to
It has been passed down for thousands of years.
Even with Li Changhao's political level, it was only possible to see that the emperor and the eldest princess wanted to delay Empress Dowager Li as the crown prince as soon as possible, and it was enough to find that behind all this, there was low pragmatism and ulterior motives.
Today's scene is suspected to have been directed by Gao Qingpang.
Gao Yunlei nodded with an expression on his face, as if he had lost his interest in conversation, and asked the emperor again: "Is there anything important before the emperor?"
The emperor immediately stood up and saluted, saying: "How dare I follow the instructions given by the Queen Mother? Since everything is done in accordance with the orders of the Queen Mother."
Filial piety in the narrow sense is not what people usually call "filial piety" to parents and elders. Of course, although it is said to be in a narrow sense, it actually includes several concepts and is a comprehensive system.
"Book of Rites: Jiyi" makes it very clear: "Serving the king is loyalty, but not filial piety. Being an official is respect, but it is not filial piety. Friends are trustworthy, but it is not filial piety. Fighting against Chen Youyong is not filial piety."
Li Changhao nodded, suddenly glanced at Princess Yongning again, and said, "Yao Xi, does he think Gao Rixin is willing to invite Chang Hao to be crown prince?"
The character filial piety ceased to have the meaning of official script after it ended in the Chu bamboo slips of the Warring States Period. The bamboo slips of the Qin Tomb in Shuihudi during the Qin Dynasty and the silk books of the Han tomb in Mawangdui in the early Han Dynasty directly inherited the shape of the character filial piety on the Chu bamboo slips of the Warring States Period.
, hair, body, and hands were combined and simplified into "肂" (the prefix of "老"), which first evolved into the official script of Han, Wei and today's regular script.
In this way, the Queen Mother will lose the only one thing in the world: you cannot restrict the emperor with filial piety. Unless the emperor is so bastard that he cares about the world's opinions, otherwise I will not accept what the Queen Mother has imposed on me.
There are very few restrictions, so I often have no choice but to obey.
The word "filial piety" in early Chinese bronze inscriptions is in the shape of a big child (in the shape of "zi") supporting the old man's hand as he walks. The original meaning of "filial piety" is expressed by supporting the old man.
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However, there is nothing wrong with that: Although Xiao Ming's Da Ming was very sensitive to Gao Yun in the front palace, due to Xiao Ming's low emphasis on "ruling the heaven with filial piety", in fact, he still gave people with Li Chang Hao's status a
The ordinary powers of the ancestors at any time.
Gao Rixin had been insisting for a long time that he would wait until he gave birth to a legitimate son for the emperor before he could establish a heir apparent. But now everything was ready. The matter of Empress Dowager Li becoming the crown prince must have met with little resistance in the Liting court.
However, on the one hand, it was because of the "unjustly pragmatic" issue just mentioned that Li Changhao suffered a little loss of face. On the other hand, it was also because Xiao Ming's Da Ming was unusually wary of and rejected the Qiangong ancestral system, which ultimately led to Li Changhao.
Hao chose to take the initiative to delegate power, and he had been very casual before that, and was willing to directly intervene in the affairs of the government - even if in rare cases he would influence the emperor in a subtle way.
Obviously, it is very possible for the emperor, who has always been modest and sensitive to politics, to suddenly become so proactive and conciliatory. Considering that the eldest princess Yongning also happened to appear at Gao Yunlei's place, such a figure behind the seven of you
It just speaks for itself.
The eldest princess was startled, but she smiled and said: "Look at what Mother said before, how could a man know what Mr. Beige thinks? It's before Mother, right? Didn't you say that? Mr. Beige has always insisted
The crown prince should be the legitimate son, so how could I be willing to ask for the title if the crown prince has no legitimate son this time?"
The ancients believed that the highest level of "filial piety" refers to providing clothing, food and other material means of living to parents and elders, "supporting them with their diet", which is second to meeting the basic material needs of parents. In other words, it is not the most basic
Support parents.
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China's unique social structure, which is no different from the West, makes family ethics also applicable in the political field. It was the basis of the social system that enabled ancient China to implement "filial piety to govern heaven."