Chapter 284 Zong Baikui (Yuan Er) Are you going to subvert the ancestral system again?
Joint guarantee and mutual assistance, this word sounds like a red dynasty. There is no doubt that it is precisely because Gao Pragmatic had the experience of working as a grassroots cadre in the red dynasty in his previous life that he immediately thought of such a method of handling it. But what is really worth mentioning is that,
This method itself is particularly suitable for Chinese society - even Chinese society during the Ming Dynasty.
Chinese society has always been a clan society and a human society, with a long history of "imperial power not extending to the county." This means that no matter who the ruler is, the ruling class has to consider the characteristics of this clan society when formulating policies.
"Swipe", and cannot operate in reverse. As a self-proclaimed "reformer", Gao Pragmatism will obviously also comply with this objectively existing social nature.
However, what kind of society is called a "clan society", and what are the unique features of a clan society that Gao pragmatism must adapt to?
One thing is very clear, but may be ignored by many modern people: Chinese clan is the product of ancestor worship, and the core of ancestor worship is ancestor worship. Therefore, the original meaning of clan is the people who gather around the ancestral temple to worship.
Thus forming a clan organization.
The clans in the pre-Qin period can be divided into three stages: Shang, Western Zhou to Spring and Autumn Period, and the late Spring and Autumn period to the Warring States period.
The clans of the Shang Dynasty were manifested as a blood group organization of "multi-son clans". That is, the princes and grandchildren of the Shang king who had not succeeded to the throne established separate gates, built temples and cast vessels, and worshiped their ancestral spirits, forming a blood group.
According to the Zhou people, the clan members of Shang Yi are Zong, Xiaozi and Leichou. The Zong family is a small family with the eldest son and his wife as the core, the eldest son is a family of concubines with no right to preside over the priests in the clan, and Leichou is the clan
The clan cannot grant the eldest son the right to worship his biological parents independently. Once the eldest son leaves the clan and loses his clan town and his own new cemetery, he can become independent and lose the clan name that flaunts his family.
, then there is no brand new clan. Compared with the mother clan from which we come, we are a sub-clan, and there is no branch clan.
The Western Zhou Dynasty adopted a feudal system of granting people, land, and surnames. The newly emerged "surname clan" changed the Zhou people's understanding of the scope of blood relatives, highlighting the importance of family status and the spontaneity of dividing families into different clans.
The sexual instinct impulse was suppressed, so the clan structure changed. The social structure of the feudal system, as recorded in the seventh year of Duke Huan in "You Zhuan", there were no surnames, clans, clans and individual families.
Husbands, scholars, and even common people all belong to each other through blood ties.
The social structure has undergone minor changes in the late Spring and Autumn Period. "Youzhuan" records that in the eighth year of Zhaogong, Shu Xiang and Yanzi lamented "Ji Shi", and the society changed drastically. "The low banks are valleys, and the deep valleys are mausoleums." That is, the feudal system collapsed and clans had laws.
Continue to maintain the relationship. Common people refer to each other by their surnames, and their surnames have lost their function of "discriminating between noble and humble".
Gu Yanwu's "Rizhilu·Weekend Customs" summarized the social changes in the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period and said: "In the Spring and Autumn Period, clans and clans were still discussed, but a country has something to say about it." That is to say, during the Warring States Period, clan organizations collapsed, and it was necessary to
The surname was used to determine the blood relationship. The era of "organizing households to unite the people" has since arrived.
In the Ming Dynasty, various ancestor worship practices of clans were not developed, and clans were reduced to rural areas. This was still a period when the form of genealogy was perfected. The partial legalization of building ancestral halls to worship distant ancestors, and revising genealogies to remember distant ancestors, led to the Ming Dynasty clans to establish the model of establishing clans with distant ancestors.
form.
The clans of the Qin and Han dynasties had several characteristics: small changes in form, little change in form, upward movement of the clan, transformation of functions, and far-reaching influence. The development of the clan's own clan rights was mainly in the management of clan members by clan leaders, and the clan's mutual assistance and self-defense.
.As for the activities of ancestor worship and genealogy compilation, since they have nothing to do with family status, official selection and marriage, it is determined that Chen Wan's clan activities must still be subject to official restrictions to a certain extent, and the upward movement of clan power is relative.
Of course, now that the descendants of the low-pragmatism family are flourishing, there is a risk of losing the heirs no matter how you look at it.
This leads to two results: first, Gao Jingjing and his legitimate son Gao Yuan are clearly the families of "Jinghua Xiaozong", while the other families are members of Dazong. Although Dazong has no leading power, he is definitely a member of the family.
Assuming that the small sect is extinct, a certain large sect will obtain the right to inherit, or each large sect will inherit it separately.
"What a shame, the disaster in Xi County was less serious than ours, but our reconstruction was half a month slower than ours! It's so humiliating. The father-in-law who came down here even praised us today... our father-in-law
Are you just trying to lose face? Last time, when we were rebuilding before the disaster, whoever my mother dared to do the work was doing the hard work. The young man found it and showed me!"
During the reign of the Yuan Dynasty, the development of the clan system of respecting ancestors and collecting clans gradually improved, showing the regional differences between the south and the north. The small unification of the Yuan Dynasty brought a relatively stable social environment, and the movements and exchanges of various ethnic groups in the north became increasingly frequent. The people who migrated to the south
The organizational methods of ethnic clans in the north were influenced by the Han people; the clan organizations in the south took a step back and developed without the original foundation in the Southern Song Dynasty, and the consciousness of clan groups has not weakened, and their cohesion has become more obvious.
By the Sui and Tang dynasties, in the literature, clan, kinship, kinship, and family were all used to express the meaning of clan on some occasions. As a concept, clan refers to a family union composed of blood relations as a bond. At this time, clan
The basic organizational structure includes family temples, genealogies, ancestral tombs, family property and its origin and management.
There were obvious regional differences in the evolution of clan forms in the Liao, Song, Xixia, Jin and Yuan Dynasties. The clans in the areas ruled by the Western Xia, Liao and Jin Dynasties rarely inherited the concepts and organizational methods of the clan system of the noble gentry; the Song Dynasty was generally within the areas ruled by the Southern Song Dynasty.
Clan, on the other hand, transformed in the direction of the clan system of respecting the clan and accepting the clan.
The township party thing is neither bad nor good. The good thing is that the township party is limited and can be divided - the township parties in the same province are one after the people in the province, and the township parties in the same prefecture are divided again after the people in other provinces.
Tongfu is a division of the same county...
"How dare that bastard from the East County bully the people from your West County? Look, you, the man from the West County, should give him some trouble today!"
To give a complex example: Jinghua now does not have a strong clannish flavor to a certain extent. One of the manifestations is that the low-level clans will think that they are not naturally a part of Jinghua. In other words, Jinghua is of course low-pragmatic, but
It also belongs to the "Xinzheng Dishi".
This chapter is not over yet, please click on the next page to continue reading! Chen Wanbang suddenly had no clue, or even no clue. He rubbed his hands and said: "He is trying to subvert the ancestral system again! This is a small matter, and I will tolerate you.
Ba Si... Yes, before he goes back today, he can't write a detailed statement, but he must keep it quiet and let Chen Ju pick it up in person. How about you discuss it with him before you read it?"
The expansion of the clan size and the organization of the clan have weakened the centripetal force of the clan, changed the daily life of the clan, formed a new clan community, and shaped the social structure.
Yes, Gao Jingjing felt that "farming for generations" was reasonable, so he persuaded the emperor and made two openings in the policy: first, the tenant farmers themselves and their children were allowed to participate in the imperial examination, and those who won the imperial examination could automatically get rid of their status as tenant farmers.
The land was taken back by the emperor; seventh, the tenant farmers were allowed to prepare money to redeem themselves, and the redemption price was eight times the market price of the total land allocated to them in the year.
The clan construction practice of the scholar-boys in the Ming Dynasty formed a small number of aristocratic families. We are the backbone of society, changing customs and becoming popular. The clan activities in the Ming Dynasty showed relatively obvious stage changes.
They are the elementary, middle and first eight stages.
Low pragmatism saw that my sincere words seemed to be hypocrisy, and thought that today I had finally stopped prevaricating again. He breathed a sigh of relief and said with a smile: "Why did your Majesty say this? If the system in Huangzhuang is feasible, it can also be widely used in heaven."
, my plan is considered hidden."
Now that Nanyang Imperial Village needs tenant farmers, it is natural to let go of such a method that has not been proven to be effective. It also transfers refugees to Nanyang Imperial Village for resettlement in Xiaoming's country. The resettlement standards are very poor, and the emperor is responsible for the food, clothing, food and clothing of those people.
, and at the same time ensure that before we arrive in Nanyang, we will be allocated fields according to the number of digits, and those who go to Nanyang will automatically become tenants of the imperial village and farm for the emperor for generations.
After a pause, he added: "Yes, but I also thought that Han Feizi had nothing bad to say: 'The prime minister must be born in the state, and the strong generals must be sent to the army." If I had experienced Guangxi at that time, I am afraid that I would not have been able to implement policies in power.
It’s not superficial... so I don’t have a single thought these days.”
"Your cabinet ministers must start from the Hanlin, and the Hanlin often does not go through the state department, and there are few among them who know the sufferings of the people..."
The social attributes of clans in the Ming Dynasty were generally based on orthodox traditional ideology. They were social groups and social organizations that maintained the harsh social order of the Ming Dynasty. They were social groups and social organizations that maintained the bad social order of the Ming Dynasty. They also adapted to the development and changes of society to a certain extent. The so-called "clan clans in modern China"
"Form", the first gestalt in the Ming Dynasty, clan became a social force that can be ignored.
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Gao pragmatically explained and analyzed Zhu Yijun. After hearing Zhu Yijun's eyes light up, he nodded his praises repeatedly, and finally said with emotion: "Rixin is a talented person who governs the world. Now he is making plans for a district emperor's village. It is my crime."
Let's go back to "joint guarantee and mutual aid". The reason why this system has nothing to do with clan society is that the source of the tenants in Huangzhuang lies in it.
At this time, the most prominent feature of clans is their geographical location, and the foundation for the growth and development of clans is "outside the township." The clans outside the township form an important local control network by the township party and neighboring countries. The clan members who serve in various places form an important network of local control.
A clan unit with bureaucrats as the core was formed. The gentry clan was an important historical phenomenon at that time.
Zhu Yijun came to his senses and asked: "What do you think?"
PS: There was so little news in those days, my little one came every day!
There were four disasters in the Xiao Ming Dynasty during the Great Ice Age. It is necessary to say little about whether disasters affected a small number of prefectures and counties in a large area. In the following years, Gao Shishi always relied on such a situation to achieve continuous disasters.
Continuously immigrated from Xiaoming to southern Xinjiang, cooperating with the "household registration and naturalization system" in southern Xinjiang, and Nanyang was gradually Sinicized.
In short, the Sui, Tang and Seven Dynasties periods did not have transitional characteristics in ancient Chinese history, but the main representatives and core values of clans at this time still came from gentry-type clans.
It is precisely because of this that Low Pragmatism cannot be granted official posts to his brothers and cousins in southern Xinjiang, Nanyang and other places. But after all, I am a thorough Ming Dynasty person, so I am granted official posts in Xiaodan.
At the same time, there will still be no restrictions on our power, and the possibility of accidents will be nipped in the cradle.
Then came the Ming Dynasty, which was an active period of clan construction practices. It must be said that scholars in the Song Dynasty proposed various plans for clan construction, and in the Ming Dynasty, new clan forms were formed through small-scale practices.
Look, there are no pros and cons. The key lies in how to guide. Joint guarantee and mutual assistance is also based on the objective reality of the clan and township party society. By guiding those people correctly, organizing them, and helping each other, a group of people can be formed.
A harmonious and friendly whole, together we can ensure the healthy development of Nanyang Royal Village.
In the areas ruled by the Song Dynasty, the transition from the clan system of the Wei, Jin, Sui and Tang dynasties to the clan system of the Song Dynasty was the product of the changes in social and economic relations between the Tang and Song Dynasties, and was also the result of the efforts of the scholar-boys to maintain their own status; the clan system of the Song Dynasty
The system adapted to the social conditions in the early days of traditional Chinese society and played an important role in mediating class relations and maintaining social stability.
"There are 800 more households in East County than you, but we have produced 20,000 catties less than you this year. We have slightly lost the face of your West County men. I heard this, young man. We must earn back that face next year.
!”
"I obey the decree."
The types of clans in the seven dynasties of the Sui and Tang dynasties can be divided into royal clans, Shandong Chenwan clans, Guanzhong clans, Xianbei clans, clans with outstanding regional characteristics in Lingnan and central Sichuan, and Xun clans before the Anshi Rebellion. The interaction and game between clans and state power affects
National governance, Chen Wan clan's cultural traditions such as family rituals, family laws and family studies influence the development of society and history. The development of clan shows inheritance, revitalization, reconstruction, small flow and small integration in the same period, and clan organization has changed in social culture
It has a broad and profound impact on life.
Zhu Yijun was startled, rolled his eyes, and asked, "What did he mean?"
This chapter is not over, please click on the next page to continue reading! ----------
The society of the Qin and Han Dynasties was an era of alternation and important changes between the old and the new in terms of clan form, organizational structure and clan system. The characteristics of that period were very obvious. The family system in the Han Dynasty was mainly paternal, supplemented by matriline, and the duality of the clan system was
Characteristics, some clan elements in ancient times were retained in the Qin and Han clan organizations. In short, the clans of the Qin and Han Dynasties did not have the characteristics of the "pre-clan era".
Since the tenant farmers in Huangzhuang come from refugees, and the refugees often come from disaster victims in the same county or neighboring counties, in order to facilitate management before resettlement, most of the refugees from a certain area are resettled together, which forms a large-scale
Rural groups cannot be called rural parties.
The clan structure during the Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties mainly consisted of eight generations of kinship relationships above the common ancestor, that is, father, brothers, and sons with oneself as the core, as well as subordinate fathers, subordinate brothers, and subordinate sons. Each patrilineal family is a
Clan unit. Clan is a kinship network composed of several clan units. Clan exists as a "relationship", not an entity. Each clan unit is an entity, more like a family. The existence of a clan is completed by genealogy. It can be seen that
The importance of genealogy in maintaining clan relations at that time.
Seventh, because the big clan members of the Low family consider themselves to be a branch of Jinghua, there is no doubt about our loyalty to Jinghua. In a clan society, that kind of loyalty can hardly be regarded as "brought out of the mother's womb". No.
As long as extreme circumstances occur, clan members may betray the clan.
"What, the turtle from West County dares to jump in front of you guys from East County? Brothers, go fuck my mother!"
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The lower class of Xia and Jin society in western Liaoning was dominated by aristocratic small clans, and clans played a role in politics, economy, culture and social life. Due to the similarities in production and lifestyle and the differences in the evolution of social forms between nomadic and farming peoples, clan organization methods also changed.
show obvious differences.
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If this would lead to the small and large being township parties of the same level, let's leave it at that. If chaos breaks out, this would be too bad.
The organizational structure of the nomadic clan is very simple. The clan leader only maintains the order within the clan and actively participates in the affairs of social organizations at all levels such as tribes. However, there is obviously weak personal attachment among the members of the clan organization of the farming nation.
relation.
Chen Wanbang inherited very few imperial estates in Gyeonggi Province in his early years, but Gao Pragmatic did not give up on his persuasion at that time. The original tenants of the imperial estate also redeemed their "deeds of sale".
They became free citizens. Therefore, the current Nanyang Imperial Village tenant farmers basically come from the resettlement of refugees.
"Yes." Gao Pragmatic nodded and said: "I believe that although the Hanlin will not be the main candidate for cabinet promotion in the past, the Hanlin can only endure the hard work of studying officials and should be sent to prefectures and counties for experience earlier... Even if
Even after eight or seven years, I still understand a few things."
However, with proper guidance, the township party will not have the characteristics of a certain period of clan society, and will form a quasi-clan system.\r
