One of the main issues discussed when the four envoys of the Ming Dynasty, Dacheng Taiji, Zhongjin Hatun, and Qia Taiji met in Daban Shengcheng was when to hold the Kuritai Conference.
Of course, even if the Kuritai Conference is to be held, it will not be held in Daban City, but only in Guihua City. But looking at it on the other hand, before the Kuritai Conference to elect the new Great Khan is held, Zhongjin Hatun
The appearance of the two of them in Daban Shengcheng with Chataiji has obvious political significance.
Kulitai, also known as Khuraltai, is also translated as Kuriltai. Its meaning in Turkic is "gathering", while Khural in Mongolian can be interpreted as "meeting". It is a political function of the Mongols.
and the military council, responsible for electing tribal leaders and even khans.
All the great khans during the Mongol Empire, such as Genghis Khan and Ogedai Khan, were elected by Kulitai.
However, it is still necessary to talk about the system of the Kuritai Conference, mainly to talk about the early events of Mongolia.
Genghis Khan Temujin had four legitimate sons, namely Jochi, Chagatai, Ogedai and Tole. Among these four, Temujin’s favorite was his youngest son Tolei because of his outstanding military exploits and strong military ability.
However, Temujin did not pass the throne to Torre because of his love for him, but instead appointed Ogodei, who was more capable of governing the country, as his successor.
In 1227, Temujin died in the Liupan Mountain camp. At this time, if according to Han tradition, the country could not be without a king for a day, his designated successor Ogedai should have ascended the throne immediately. However, due to the Mongolian tribal council system still existed
The role and position will have to wait for the final decision of the Kuritai Conference.
So during the two years when the Khan throne was vacant, Tuolei was the supervisor of the country (some people think that Tuolei was the Great Khan at this time, but in fact he was just the supervisor. Tuolei's emperor was posthumously named by his sons). Until Kuritai
After the conference, Ogedai succeeded to the throne as he wished.
But the main thing that needs to be said here is that during the Kuritai Conference, there were serious disputes among the Mongolian high-level officials. Some people advocated the election of Tolei as the new Great Khan and opposed Genghis Khan’s death. However, Chagatai fully supported Ogodei.
, Tuo Lei was isolated (Juchi was dead at this time), so he had no choice but to support Wo Kuotai.
Ogedai reigned for thirteen years and died of drinking in 1241. Although Guyou was Ogedai's eldest son, Ogedai did not like him. According to Ogedai's original intention, he wanted to establish his third son, Ogedai, as his successor.
However, Wo Chu died in battle in his early years, so Wo Kuotai wanted to make Wo Chu's eldest son, Shi Liemen, his heir.
However, due to Wo Kuotai's sudden death, there was no time to make a posthumous edict. At this time, Guiyu was away on an expedition, and Wo Kuo's eldest son, Shi Liemen, was still young. So someone suggested that the Queen of Wo Kuotai should be Naima Zhen for the time being.
Jian Guo (Guiyou's biological mother) will wait until the Kuritai Conference to elect a new khan.
Queen Naimazhen supervised the country for five years. During these five years, in order to allow her son Guiyou to successfully inherit the throne, she gave excessive rewards and tried her best to win over the clan and ministers. After everything was ready, the ceremony was held in 1246
Kuritai Conference.
At this time, Jochi's son Batu had the highest prestige in the army. When he heard that Guyuk was to be elected as the Great Khan, he was very dissatisfied and refused to attend the meeting on the grounds of illness.
After Guiyou succeeded to the throne, he held a grudge against this, so he sent his troops to the west to attack Batu, which paved the way for Meng Ge to succeed to the throne.
Guiyu's life was not very good. He only reigned for two years and died of illness during the Western Expedition. The empress established the dynasty in Wuwu. In order to fight against the Ogodai clique, Batu wanted to support the king's rule.
He invited ministers and tribal leaders to his territory to hold a Kuritai conference.
This was obviously "against the rules," so both the Ogedai and Chagatai factions refused to participate.
In this conference, Meng Ge, Tolei's eldest son, was elected as the new Great Khan at Batu's suggestion. However, due to Ogedai and Chagatai families refusing to recognize it, Meng Ge had to invite the ministers
, the tribal leaders went to the banks of the Onan River in Mongolia to hold another Mongolian Kulitai Conference.
During this period, Meng Ge's mother and Tuo Lei's wife, Luheteni, used Tuo Lei's reputation during his lifetime to try their best to win over the kings and nobles of various clans. Finally, at the Kuritai Conference in 1251, Meng Ge spoke to the ministers, nobles
With the support of the emperor, he successfully ascended the throne.
Since then, the Khan position of the Mongol Empire has been transferred from the Wokuotai line to the Tolei line, and Daban also triggered the subsequent split of the Mongol Empire.
After Meng Ge's death, the Mongol Empire once again experienced a farce of fighting for the throne. This time the protagonists were Meng Ge's two younger brothers: Kublai Khan and Ali Bu Ge. They were more powerful than the previous ones and even developed into military ministers.
to the point of seeing.
In 1259, Meng Ge died. Alibu Ge, who stayed in Mobei, tried every means to lure Kublai Khan back to the grassland and forced him to support him as the Great Khan. Then Kublai Khan did not submit, but took the lead in Kaiping City in 1260.
Announcement of succession as Great Khan.
A few months after Kublai Khan announced his successor as Great Khan, Ali Buge was also proclaimed Great Khan at the Kulitai Conference in Mobei.
As a result, a situation emerged where the two great Khans were competing against each other, and the Mongol Empire fell into a fierce civil war that lasted for four years. Kublai Khan finally defeated Ali Buge by relying on the strong financial and material support of the Central Plains.
However, after Kublai Khan's victory, the Kipchak Khanate, Chagatai Khanate, and Ogedai Khanate that supported Alibaba completely split from the Mongol Empire.
In 1271, Kublai Khan did not stop doing anything, and simply imitated the political system of the Central Plains dynasty. Taking the meaning of "Great Qianyuan" in the "Book of Changes", the founding name of the country was Dayuan, Dadu was determined to be the capital, and he officially became the emperor——
Instead of sweating profusely.
This series of events are actually related to the Kuritai Conference, and several key points can be discovered from these events:
First, the Kuritai Conference had the highest authority, at least in name, so that it could decide who would belong to the Great Khan.
Second, it is not that the resolution of the Kuritai Conference cannot be broken by force, but even if it is broken, the Mongols may not be truly convinced.
Third, the specific time for the Kuritai Conference is not clearly specified. Instead, the leader with a higher voice and stronger strength can call for it and contact various Mongolian ministries to hold it.
Fourth, before the Kuritai Conference is convened and the new Great Khan is elected, the widow of the previous Great Khan usually temporarily oversees the country as regent. The power held by this "mother of the country" who oversees the country is not much different from that of the Great Khan, and the same
Has the power to convene and convene the Kuritai Conference.
However, this was no longer the early days of the Mongol Empire, and many things had changed.
The four great khanates are already a thing of the past, and the "Yuan Empire" only has a name left. More importantly, Tumut itself is only one of the six "30,000 households" set up by Dayan Khan. If you look at it from a theoretical perspective,
It is said that the Great Khan of the Ordos tribe also has the title of "Jinong" on his head, which is equivalent to the "Deputy Khan" of Mongolia, and his status is still higher than that of Tumote.
Therefore, the Kuritai Conference of the Tumut Tribe is theoretically only a conference of their own headquarters and cannot be extended to the whole of Mongolia.
However, there is a big problem here, that is, the power of King Shunyi to preside over the Tonggong Mutual Trade not only includes the border area between Tumut headquarters and the Ming Dynasty, but also includes Dongtao, Xitao and even Qinghai.
Therefore, Gao Pragmatic said that this Kuritai Conference should be a Kuritai Conference for all Mongolia and should not be limited to the Tumut area.
However, not only Qia Taiji clearly expressed his opposition to his statement, Zhongjin Hatun also remained silent, and even Dacheng Taiji himself did not dare to speak for a long time.
Gao Pingshi looked at the three of them with a hint of ridicule: "Why, can't the three of you see the benefits of this matter?"
Qataiji immediately said: "To be honest with the imperial envoy, Tuotuo only knows that this is against the system established by Dayan Khan. In the words of you Han people, it is 'over the system' and is not done by a loyal person."
Gao Pragmatic looked at Zhongjin Hatun again. After all, Zhongjin Hatun was a pro-Ming sect and had to speak. He could only frown slightly and said: "In any case, when the Great Khan was alive, he did not want to completely break up with Tumen Khan."
What do you mean by breaking your face?"
Gao pragmatically did not answer, and looked at Bahannaji again. Bahannaji looked embarrassed and hesitated: "Imperial envoy, your wisdom is absolutely incomparable to mine. I can only see that doing this will
Although I, Tumote, am not afraid of Tumen if he offends Tumen, Xin Ai's attitude is not clear yet. If I offend Tumen again... I really don't see any benefit, please give me some advice."