1676, Yuan Chonghuan was imprisoned for three years
Seeing Yuan Chonghuan's contemptuous smile, Chongzhen felt as if he was a clown and became even more angry.
"What do you have to say?" Chongzhen said angrily.
Yuan Chonghuan lifted the hem of his clothes, turned over and knelt on the ground, and said loudly: "Chonghuan asked to die without his hat. It is a sin committed by an honest minister. It is a crime committed by all ministers. I accept it willingly."
The sound was like a bell. Everyone did not expect that his thin body could make such a loud sound. They were all shocked. There was silence. For a moment, the scene was very embarrassing.
Obviously, Yuan Chonghuan has seen their intentions today. Since it is useless to argue, he simply won't defend himself. What you said was done by me, so what else do you say.
The people who were trying hard to bury him with bullets seemed to have their mouths blocked and were feeling very uncomfortable.
Everyone admits that it was all done by me. No matter what you say, it was all done by me.
So, shut up, you guys.
Chongzhen was so angry that this Nanman was really smelly and tough.
This attitude of saying that it's more than a hundred pounds, you can do whatever you want. They don't even bother to explain. This makes them feel insulted.
Chongzhen stood up and said angrily: "Wear a royal robe to guard the palace, take off Chonghuan's official robe, and take him to the imperial prison."
Seeing that Jin Yiwei was about to come to fetch Yuan Chonghuan, Bachelor Cheng Jiming hurriedly came out.
"Your Majesty, changing generals before battle is a taboo for military strategists, so you must be cautious."
"Your Majesty, there are many doubts about these three matters. I would like to ask the Third Law Division to conduct a detailed investigation before making a conclusion." Qian Longxi also said quickly.
"Your Majesty, if Commander Yuan is replaced, what will happen to Guan Ning's army?"
Chongzhen glanced at Zu Dashou, who was already stunned, and said: "The Guan Ning Army is temporarily led by Zu Dashou, and Man Gui is promoted to the left governor. He will coordinate and command all reinforcements outside Beijing. Tomorrow we will launch a general attack on the Qing army."
In the past two months, Yuan Chonghuan has been passively avoiding the war and doing almost nothing. He almost watched the Qing army looting everywhere and sweeping away the capital.
Chongzhen was very dissatisfied. He urgently hoped to launch a large-scale counterattack against the Qing army. It would be better to drive the Qing army out of the Great Wall. Since Yuan Chonghuan cannot command, then replace him with someone who is willing to launch offensive operations.
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Yuan Chonghuan was escorted away. Hei Yunlong watched with sadness.
He was also a general who led troops, so he naturally knew that Commander Yuan had finally come to an end. The emperor's suspicion had been the greatest sadness in the hearts of generals since ancient times.
You work hard for His Majesty, but they don't trust you at all, and they guard you like a thief.
Zu Dashou walked away in despair. One of his shoes fell off, but he didn't even notice.
On the evening of the day Yuan Chonghuan was arrested, Zu Dashou returned to the camp and reported the news of Yuan Chonghuan's imprisonment. Immediately, the eunuch Che Tianxiang (also known as Che Yingxiang) came to the army to announce the order. General Guan Ning burst into tears after hearing the news.
The crying was so loud that even the people in Guangqumen heard it. For a moment, they didn't know what was happening, and everyone was panicked.
Many of the Beijing garrison guards on the city wall, whose families and fields were outside the city, were tortured by the Eight Banners at this time, and they all hated Guan Ningjun and Yuan Chonghuan to the bone. If he hadn't let the Qing army in from Jimen, how could this have happened.
Previously, they were afraid of Yuan Chonghuan's power and dared to get angry but dare not speak out. At this time, Governor Yuan fell, and they all took action. Some were making cold shots from the city walls. Some were poisoning the food of Guan Ning's army.
There are also people who beat down the city in the middle of the night and sneaked into the Guanning Army barracks to kill officers and soldiers.
The most outrageous thing was that on the second day, during the battle between the Guan Ning Army and the attacking Zhengbai Banner, they suddenly opened artillery to support the Guan Ning Army. However, their copper-haired cannons had a range of only 500 meters and could not hit the Eight Banners at all.
They all fell into Zu Dashou's array.
For a time, before the fighting started, Zu Dashou's soldiers and horses suffered numerous casualties and wailing soldiers were everywhere.
In the next few days, there were incidents in which the garrison on the city was jealous and killed Guan Ning's army, which made Guan Ning's army even more angry. At night, Guan Ning's army camp roared. The soldiers were very angry and shouted: "The loyalty of the supervisor cannot be avoided."
, what are we doing here?"
Zu Dashou sat stupidly in the big tent, not knowing what to do.
But at least one thing he knew was that Guan Ning's army was on the verge of mutiny. This army had lost its morale.
Since ancient times, if the Chinese army wants to be able to fight, it must allocate land to them. Only if they are self-cultivated farmers with land, cattle, sheep, and property, and they serve as soldiers to protect their property, will they really dare to fight to the death. Because their
The son will inherit it all.
This is true from the Qin Army to Yue Fei's Yue Family Army. They all allocate land to their soldiers. It is because Yuan Chonghuan allocated land to them that the Guan Ning Army can fight as well as the Tang Dynasty's soldiers.
But they had no interest in recovering Liaodong and only wanted to keep their own land. This is why Yuan Chonghuan could not recover Liaodong. They were not willing to cross the Daling River at all.
Historical records record that a foreign general could not move Guan Ning's army. In anger, he took his son and servants and rushed towards the Eight Banners army at the risk of death. Guan Ning's army stood and watched, no one followed, until they all died in the battle. As long as
If the Eight Banners did not come to attack the city, they would not want to fight at all.
From beginning to end, they could only fight in defensive operations, and field operations were completely sparse. The reason was that they just wanted to keep their own land. Therefore, Yuan Chonghuan's Northern Expedition was impossible to succeed. He personally established and relied on the Guanning Army.
That’s the attitude. Let’s just go to sleep during the Northern Expedition.
Over the two thousand years of Chinese history, the ruling class has actually been changing. The structure of feudal society is not static.
The reason why the Qin army swept across the six kingdoms was because of Shang Yang's reform, which distributed the land of the slave-owning nobles to the people for free. Therefore, the people of the six kingdoms carried burdens and their whole families came to join Qin.
The Western Han Dynasty also gained political power in the same way.
In fact, after the establishment of every new dynasty in Chinese history, the first policy was to distribute a large amount of unowned land to the people after the war. This suddenly expanded the group of homesteaders by hundreds or thousands of times. When the people had land, they had
The consumption power has increased, business has developed, and the country's tax revenue has increased.
This chapter is not finished yet, please click on the next page to continue reading the exciting content! At the beginning of the founding of the People's Republic of China, allocating land to the people was something that every dynasty had done. It was nothing new.
Generally speaking, during the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, China's ruling class was aristocratic landowners. In the Qin Dynasty and the Western Han Dynasty, it was military meritorious landowners. Those who obtained the most land were soldiers who had performed meritorious services. Therefore, the Han Dynasty has always been very strong.
In the Eastern Han Dynasty, powerful landlords replaced military landlords. Powerful people are local forces and clan forces, evil forces. Militia groups have been very capable of fighting since ancient times and are very strong. Therefore, the Eastern Han Dynasty was also very strong.
During the Great Split Period of the Three Kingdoms, Two Jins, and the Southern and Northern Dynasties, China's ruling class changed again. In the Central Plains and the South, nobles and clans became the new landlords. In the northwest, the military aristocratic group of ethnic minorities---the Guanlong Group became the new ruling class.
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The Sui and Tang Dynasties were a period of violent changes. The noble clans were completely eradicated, and the Guanlong Group was also eliminated by Li Zhi and Wu Zetian. This incident completely changed the second half of Chinese history.
Starting from the Northern Song Dynasty, with the unprecedented expansion of the number of places admitted to the imperial examination. Especially in the Ming Dynasty, the gentry class became the ruling class. The emperor and the scholar-bureaucrats shared the world.
After Wuyue Kingdom surrendered and King Qian entered the court, Jiangsu and Zhejiang Industrial and Commercial Groups began to enter the center. In the last thousand years, they were always active in the center and changed the direction of the second half of China's history.
The overseas trade of the Song and Yuan Dynasties has always been in their hands. They owned the largest grain-producing areas, industrial workshops, and overseas trade routes in the empire. They controlled the vast majority of resources in agriculture, commerce, industry, education, and public opinion.
In the imperial examination, most of the admission places were in Nanzhili. The officialdom was almost monopolized by them. Economically, the Grand Canal became a lifeline. The Southern Song and Ming empires actually relied on the food and taxes of the gentry in the south of the Yangtze River.
The same was true for the Qing Dynasty. However, the Tungus people were a foreign race and had their own tribe. They did not have to rely entirely on officials with imperial examination background from the south. Therefore, in the history of the Qing Dynasty, they were always oppressed.
The love and hatred between the Han and the Donghu will be discussed in detail later. This issue is very interesting. The Han conquered hundreds of ethnic groups, but they have never been able to defeat the Tungus. They have never won in history.
After the Opium War, the Five Groups started trading. They got a new name---the Jiangnan Comprador Group. They were the largest wealth group and social force from the late Qing Dynasty to the Republic of China.
Chang Kaishen also married with them and relied on their support to secure his throne.
In fact, Hegel was wrong.
He said that China has no history at all. All it has is a meaningless cycle in a strange circle. Over the past two thousand years, there has been no progress. It has neither developed humanistic ideas nor rationality and science. Confucius' theory
These are the most common common sense in daily life. They do not make much contribution to human civilization.
In fact, after every dynasty in China was overthrown by a specific group of people, we resolutely replaced the next dynasty to prevent them from continuing to mess around.
Only the Confucian students who passed the imperial examination were given two chances.
Compared with the barbarism and cruelty of the feudal lords, we hope that the civil servants with Confucian origins can bring clarity, efficiency, integrity and progress.
But they didn't do well. No matter how much we hoped, we would be disappointed.
The Southern Song Dynasty and the Ming Dynasty both collapsed, and the country was almost destroyed twice.
Fighting in the Central Plains has been heard since ancient times, how could there be any descendants who went against Hu's legacy? When the Southern Song Dynasty collapsed, both Japan and Korea were stupid and lost their souls, and they did not recover for decades.
Therefore, the sages of the May Fourth Movement resolutely asked them to withdraw from the meeting. The social changes that followed became more and more radical each time. These old roots were almost completely dug up. It was really a blank sheet of paper, and it was painted again.
I have to sigh with emotion at the perseverance and determination of our nation.
Maybe that's why they fear us.
Sometimes when I read the Twenty-Four Histories, I not only lament that in the short history of 250 years, today’s beauty has seen almost all the problems that have arisen in each of our dynasties. Moreover, none of them have been solved.
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We have always read fragmentary fragments and boring pages of history books. We have never had the opportunity to watch a living empire from its rise to its decline.
It vividly demonstrates to us almost all the problems that have occurred in our history.
When we read history books, we don’t know the social situation at that time and only see short conclusions. A few lines of history books often condense the magnificent life of an outstanding figure and the rise and fall of an empire.
Sometimes, I feel that we should really compile a history book for that empire in the future, and incorporate it as the twenty-sixth history after the "Manuscript of Qing History". The reference and reflection here are enough to provide correct governance for future generations.