Diesel is divided into two categories: light diesel (boiling point range is about 180-370°C) and heavy diesel (boiling point range is about 350-410°C).
Yang Fan controlled the temperature and collected the two types of diesel into different containers. Diesel accounted for about 14.5% of the weight of crude oil.
"Diesel can be used as fuel for diesel engines. Of course, we can't build internal combustion engines now. The diesel can be stored for later use," Yang Fan explained.
Seeing this, Zhang Shize asked: "Is it okay to continue heating it?"
"Yes, if you continue to heat it, fuel oil will come out. This oil is suitable for burning boilers, and is especially suitable for fueling steam engines on ships. This thing has a high combustion value, and the same combustion value is much smaller than coal. It can allow the ship to add fuel at a time.
The distance is further.”
Lin Yueru said: "Sir, this kind of fuel has a wide range of uses. Our steam engines have begun to be widely used in factories and ships, and there will be a large demand for this thing."
Yang Fan nodded and said: "Yes, the things refined from Menghuo Oil are all good things and have great uses."
After heating this time, what flows out is heavy fuel oil. This time it is more, about 30%. In this way, a total of about 58.6% of the oil is produced.
Seeing that Yang Fan ordered the fire to be withdrawn, everyone knew that the distillation was over.
Zhang Shize said curiously: "What is the remaining half?"
Yang Fan explained: "The rest is called asphalt, and our technology can only extract it up to this point. Asphalt can be used to pave roads, which is very convenient for driving."
Xiao Niangpi said: "Master, I think this Menghuo oil is really a good thing, but the raw materials are too little. If we mass-produce the raw materials, we won't be able to supply them. After all, northern Shaanxi is too far away from here."
"Actually, there are quite a few. There are many of these in Tianjin. There are also large oil fields east of Binzhou, Shandong."
During the Ming Dynasty, it was common to drill wells to extract oil in Sichuan. He Yudu's "Yi Bu Tan Zi" records that "oil wells were located in Jiazhou, Meizhou, Qingshen, Jingyan, Hongya, and Qianwei counties."
In this era, there was technology for drilling wells to produce oil. Although the wells could not be drilled too deep, the output of this era was enough to meet the usage.
After all, we are not making fuel or paving roads, so it won’t use much.
There is relatively little oil in the north. But Yang Fan knows that Dagang Oilfield is in Tianjin. It is not far from here, and there are canals for water transportation. Shengli Oilfield is not far from Dagang Oilfield.
Crude oil from Shengli Oilfield can distill 7% of gasoline, and the output is even higher.
As for mining, it is not a big problem. You can drill a lot of small holes in the steel pipe, and then drill it into the ground with a drill rig driven by manpower to extract the crude oil.
Yang Fan can now smelt open-hearth steel on a large scale, and steel pipes have been mass-produced. They use a set of modern antique steel rolling equipment that was transferred over.
It can be driven by water power and steam engines. It can be used in conjunction with Yang Fan's existing power production.
Now, after the open-hearth steel comes out, it can be directly processed into plates, wires, and pipes.
That is to say, drilling is a bit difficult, but it is not insurmountable. There are many ways.
Steel will also wear out quickly, even in soft rock formations. Therefore, the drill bit should always be equipped with tungsten carbide teeth or the entire outer layer of tungsten carbide should be covered.
This type of tungsten carbide material is more brittle than steel, but has stronger erosion resistance. After the American Hughes Company first invented the rolling cone drill bit in 1909, people have made some significant developments in hard facing welding, resulting in
The service life of open bearing drill bits is greatly extended.
Then in 1951, the first generation of "o" ring and grease-sealed bearing tungsten carbide insert drill bits appeared, and later sliding bearing drill bits appeared. During this period, roller cone drill bits were the must-have tool in the drilling industry.
Simply buying some obsolete drill bit teeth from modern times won't cost much gold. If that doesn't work, you can use diamond instead. Diamond drill bits have been used for 120 years, and their technology is mature and their properties are stable.
Diamonds were not very expensive in this era. After all, ancient Chinese people did not like diamond jewelry very much. They were affordable for making drill bits.
Yang Fan has modern information and knows the precise locations of many super shallow wells. There is a super shallow well in Ordos. The vertical depth of the oil layer is only 278 meters. It is the first ultra-shallow horizontal well in the Yanchang Oilfield. This depth is just a little bit of the drilling rig that is pulled by cattle.
If you drill slowly, you can mine.
Shengli Oilfield also has an oil well with a vertical well depth of 225 meters. There is also an oil layer buried 500 meters deep. As long as you are not in a hurry and slowly drill down the steel pipes one by one, this depth is not technically difficult. Besides, Yang Fan also has a steam engine to power the drilling rig.
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The oil wells in this era were all first-exploitation wells. They were all self-effluent wells and did not need to be pumped. Even if they needed to be pumped, the steam engine could drive the kowtow machine to pump oil.
Once you have collected it to a certain extent, you can collect a lot more by pouring water into it. This is not too difficult.
Yang Fan thought about it, looking at it, it was really feasible to build a petrochemical plant.
Gasoline is used to make incendiary bombs. Napalm bombs are made of gasoline and rubber. Yang Fan has a large number of old tires collected by idiots.
After being transferred, they are usually refurbished by hand and used to make wheels for caravans. The cut rubber pieces are enough to make napalm bombs.
Kerosene is sold as lamp oil and put into tinplate barrels for easy transportation.
Yang Fan found that he was really wise to start the tinplate production line in advance.
Nowadays, it is not only widely used in the food industry, but it is also very useful for holding kerosene. Yang Fan's artillery is even used to hold customized propellant bags and customized shotshells. This thing has good moisture-proof performance, but the price is a bit expensive.
The money earned from kerosene can basically recoup the cost, and there is still a lot of profit. Gasoline is free. Fuel oil can also be sold for money. If there is too much asphalt, it will be used to build roads in new cities.
Kerosene began to be used as lamp oil in the late Qing Dynasty. Then the market expanded rapidly. In 1871, China imported only more than 7,000 gallons of kerosene.
In the following 20 years, the import volume of kerosene once climbed, even surpassing that of opium, which was a disaster to the country and the people at that time. Kerosene, opium, original color cloth and tin were called the four major imported commodities at that time.
Kerosene was one of the bulk foreign goods imported by Hangzhou during the late Qing Dynasty and the Republic of China. From the 22nd year of Guangxu to the 26th year of the Republic of China, the total import volume amounted to gallons, which were worth two taels of silver.
This is only the import volume in Hangzhou. It can be seen that Yang Fan has a lot of success in selling lamp oil.
"Master, this asphalt seems to be waterproof." Lin Yueru stirred the last remaining asphalt with a wooden stick.
"Smart, this stuff can be used to coat the bottoms of sea and river boats. Not only is it waterproof, it can also prevent shipworms and reduce the adhesion of shellfish to the bottom of the boat." Yang Fan said.
Indeed, as Lin Yueru said, this asphalt has a wide range of uses. It can be used to make waterproof material linoleum paper. It can be used as a waterproof layer for bathrooms in houses. It can also be used to waterproof ships.
The more Zhang Shize listened, the happier he became. He couldn't help but say, "This is a good deal with huge profits. Why don't we work together? I'll get the raw materials for you, and we can add to the money we get. How about half for the whole family."