Chapter 244 The Exchange between the East and the West (2)
In this series of negotiations, the British were most satisfied. First, China and the UK were in a mi-month period, and they also had the intention to further increase the exchanges between the two sides. The exchanges between the two sides were not limited to the economic field, but It is necessary to strengthen political and official exchanges between the two countries. Secondly, there are more exchanges between China and the UK now, and they also have a clear understanding of their respective bottom lines and psychological expectations. The most important point is that both sides There are not many conflicts of interest now, and even if there are some, they cannot resist the benefits brought by trade.
Therefore, on May 19, the second year of Hongxian, the two sides signed the [Treaty on China-UK to Make Friendship and Establish Diplomacy], known in history as [Second Treaty of China-UK Nanjing]. The general content is: China and Britain establish ambassador-level diplomacy. Guan Shi, China is in London, and the United Kingdom has established their respective embassies in Nanjing, and sent envoys to each other. The first British ambassador to China was the head of this mission, Aoqing Reek Macartney. An agreement was reached on a series of issues such as the power, status, public merchandise format, etiquette, and personnel, soldiers, diplomatic immunity in the embassy. China will elect the ministers in the UK within this year and form an embassy. Members will set out to take office in the UK at the beginning of next year. The UK will continue to fulfill its commitment to help China establish a colony in India. Macartney will be responsible for negotiating with China, and China will also agree to organize a visit next year. Printing pseudo-persons from the colony.
This is at the political level, and at the economic level, the two sides signed the [China-UK Joint Economic and Trade Agreement], the main content is: both sides give the other party the most-favored-nation treatment of trade, and exempt the other party from tariffs, port taxes, ship mooring taxes, etc. based on the principle of reciprocity. and set up special institutions to handle relevant procedures for the other party’s customs trade; both China and the UK each open a port to each other as the other party’s special trading port, which can be used to moor ships, establish shopping malls, and store goods , as well as trade transactions, etc., the UK provides China with one of the three ports Plymouth, Milford and Dorchester. For China, the UK proposes to set its own dedicated trading port in Xin'an, Guangdong. The county and the business centers of both sides are also in the same agreement with the same issues as the personnel, soldiers, weapons configurations, etc.
Xin'an County, Guangdong includes the Hong Kong region in later generations, so Shang Yi has to admit that the British do have vision. However, the three places provided by the UK are not bad, including Plymouth, Milford and Dorchester, which are not bad, and they are all in later generations. It is a famous port city in the UK, so it can be considered equal in this way. Shang Yi’s choice was Plymouth. Of course, Xin'an County, which was chosen by the UK, was officially named Hong Kong.
In addition, it was the first British ambassador to China, Ao Qingle Macartney. Shang Yi checked it and found that he was the British diplomat George Macartney who visited China in 1793 in another time and space. Ancestors. Therefore, Shang Yi didn’t understand whether this was a historical coincidence or was it destined in the dark? Of course, Macartney... The transliteration of this name was determined by Shang Yi according to the translation in another time and space. , If it is strictly translated, it would be more appropriate to call McTney. However, Shang Yi decided so much that everyone would call him. The British ambassador still doesn't understand Chinese yet, and it sounds like the same, so of course he has no objection.
Then China and the UK issued a joint statement communiqué in the China-UK [China Times], stating that China and the UK have established an ambassador-level diplomatic relationship, and from then on, they should enhance friendship, strengthen exchanges, communication and cooperation to maintain regional peace and stability.
, and made its own contribution to promoting exchanges between the East and the West and social progress. In the second year, after the British delegation returned to China, the English version of the Sino-British Joint Statement communiqué was also published in the British newspaper [Weekly News].
On the third day after China and Britain signed a treaty, agreement and communiqué, China signed the [Treaty of Sino-Swiss Friendship and Trade Cooperation] with Spain, also known as the [Treaty of Sino-Swiss South Beijing].
This is a treaty that includes both political and economic aspects. The main content is: Spain recognizes China's power in the Luzon Islands, apologizes for the massacre of Spanish colonists in Manila, and guarantees that similar incidents will not occur in the future.
; China accepted Spain's apology, and based on the overall situation of friendship between China and Spain, it will no longer hold Spain accountable, and will release a group of Spanish soldiers and former Spanish residents of Manila, totaling 1,087; China and Spain establish a joint mission
In terms of economic and trade relations, China allows Spain to establish its own shopping malls in Luzon and Hangzhou, while Spain allows China to establish Chinese shopping malls in Barcelona; the two countries will establish ambassador-level diplomatic relations at the appropriate time.
Although Marquis Gonzalez once complained to his daughter that this son-in-law was too disrespectful to his father-in-law, the Marquis was quite satisfied after the contract was signed, because Spain's basic requirements had been met and it was established with China.
It is not realistic to have the right to establish a trade store in China and Manila.
In addition, China promised to release more than 1,000 Spanish prisoners, which was even more unexpected. In fact, Philip IV had never thought about the prisoners at all, but through negotiations, China's release of so many prisoners also helped to enhance Gonzare
Marquis S' reputation in the country is not a bad thing to Philip IV. Of course, when he returns to Philip IV, Marquis Gonzalez will of course say that he is arguing at the negotiating table and making generous speeches.
It was through my daughter's relationship that I had achieved such a result.
Therefore, after signing the treaty, Marquis Gonzalez was also very tall. He was accompanied by his wife with his children, traveling around Nanjing and enjoying the beautiful scenery of the East. After returning to China, he waited
Jue also wrote two books, "Gonzalez's Travels in the East" and "My Son-in-law is the Emperor of China", which are very popular in Spain.
In addition to Britain and Spain, another country that was satisfied was France, and China and France also signed the [Treaty of Friendship Trade and Cooperation]. The content of the treaty was similar to that of Spain. Of course, there was no previous mistake, and the prisoner of war part. But France was only
It is allowed to establish a shopping mall in Hangzhou, and as a reciprocity, the shopping mall in China will be built in Marseille, France.
Although France has a worse condition than Britain and Spain, considering that this is the first time that France has officially entered the trade circle in the East, and France has never been a maritime country before, it would be great to have such a result.
The French are enough to have a secret fun while gaining the rights and interests of the United Kingdom and Spain.
The United Kingdom and Spain have no objections. Of course, Spain is not qualified to make opinions. The rights and interests of Britain in China are far greater than those of France, and there is no need to worry about such a little thing. Moreover, France's maritime strength is very weak now, overseas There were almost no colonies, and France could not threaten Britain's maritime status for at least twenty years.
Of course, some people are satisfied, and some people are not satisfied.
Among the unsatisfied countries, the first one is Portugal. In the early days of the Age of Discovery, Portugal was the only country that had no conflict of interests with China. The reason is that Portugal achieved the following year in Macau in the year of shuhaige. The right to live is of course called Xiangshan Ao now. This also makes Spain and the Netherlands envious. It is precisely because of this Feng Shui treasure land that although Portugal has begun to decline now, it has always maintained considerable trade with China. It can still be maintained, so the Portuguese are more responsible for doing business and less trouble.
However, although the current famous discussion is that Macau was rented by Portugal, in fact, the Portuguese colonists established the Macau Council in 1583 to conduct autonomous management. They began to exercise their rule in Macao and officially established a Governor General in Macao in 1616. responsibilities, establishing troops, etc.
Of course, when the Portuguese obtained the right to live in Macau, Macau was still a small fishing village, but now it has developed into a city dominated by European-style buildings. The permanent population has reached more than 10,000 and the migrant population has a large amount of trade every day. There are about 6 to 8,000 Chinese residents who settled in international cities. Although this is inseparable from Macau's superior geographical location and the hard work of the Chinese, to be fair, the Portuguese colonists did play a great role dominant role.
In addition, Catholicism has a great influence in Macau. In 1555, Jesuit missionaries arrived in Macau to start missionary activities. Later, the Franciscans, Augustines, Domingo and St. Garnish Women's Cultivation were also established in Macau. As a result, the Catholic power in Macau has increased greatly and a religious inquisition was established. In the resolution of major events in Macau, the church also sent clergy to participate in the discussion. Most of the missionaries in the inland China have also been in full swing. You must first go to Macau to learn Chinese, understand Chinese customs and habits, etc.
Therefore, the biggest goal of Portugal's mission to visit China is to continue to retain the power to rent Macau. Of course, Portugal also took the initiative to propose that the rent could be renegotiated. Because in the year of shuhaige, when Portugal just rented Macau, the rent was 500 taels of silver a year. , In another time and space, after the Qing court obtained the rule of China, it continued to rent Macau to Portugal at this price.
However, because it is so close, the Portuguese colonists in Macau are very clear about the process of China's dynasty change this time, and they also know that the newly established Chinese Empire was a completely different country from the Ming Dynasty in the past. Moreover, since the Chinese Empire encouraged trade and trade, this In recent years, Macau's business has also been very prosperous, and its annual revenue has been rising.
But the Portuguese also estimated that the rent of 500 taels a year would definitely not be fooled. Therefore, after passing through Macau Governor Fe Susha and the Macau Council also decided to increase the rent to 50,000 taels a year. Yes, as long as you can continue to rent Macau, the annual income of Bijing Macau is far greater than this number. The current Macau Governor Fei Susha also rushed to Nanjing to participate in the negotiations.q!.