The income of the royal family is just a small thing that is determined after the beginning of the New Year. The most important thing is that after the establishment of Congress, other supporting national institutions should be built, so that the role of Congress can be better played. The comprehensive changes in China's political system, and the first thing to change is the cabinet.
Because according to regulations, the cabinet should be elected by Congress. Now that the Congress has been established, the new cabinet should also be regenerated. Moreover, the cabinet in the past still generally followed the cabinet system of the dynasty, and of course it could not adapt to the current needs. Therefore, Shang Yi also planned to imitate the later parliamentary cabinet system according to his own ideas and carry out a major reform of the cabinet.
The general content of the new cabinet system is: the highest official in the cabinet is called the Prime Minister of the Cabinet, and there is another deputy prime minister. The cabinet is divided into the Ministry of Finance, Publicity, Organization, Culture and Education, Engineering, Industry, Agriculture, and Commerce. , Ministry of Land and Resources, Ministry of Transport, Ministry of National Defense, Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Ministry of Marine Development, these fourteen departments have one minister in each department, one senior official and one deputy minister. In order to assist officials, ministers from each department are the same Be a cabinet minister.
These fourteen departments basically contain all the affairs of government agencies. Each department is divided into several departments. For example, the Ministry of Culture and Education is divided into the Ministry of Culture, Education and Science and Technology; the Ministry of Engineering is divided into the Ministry of Civil Engineering and Water Conservancy The Engineering Department, Construction Engineering Department, etc., the highest officials of each department are called ministers. The following are other positions based on the situation of each department and are responsible for the affairs of each department.
In addition, there are directly affiliated departments of the cabinet such as the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Bank of China, Ministry of Ethnic Affairs, Office of Audit, Ministry of National Security, Intelligence Bureau, and Secretariat, all of which are equivalent to ministerial level, but are not considered cabinet ministers.
The cabinet has executive power, mainly composed of the Prime Minister and Deputy Prime Minister, assisted by the fourteen cabinet ministers to handle state affairs according to the resolutions of the parliament. Major matters will be handled by the Prime Minister and Deputy Prime Minister to hold a cabinet meeting, of course, according to actual conditions. In the case, if officials from other cabinets are required to attend directly, or officials from non-cabinet departments, or even the emperor is involved, it is called an enlarged cabinet meeting.
The Cabinet Prime Minister was nominated directly by the Emperor, and then the Congress and the House of Representatives voted separately. More than half of the votes of approval can be elected, and less than half of the votes of approval will be required to re-nominate the candidates. The three consecutive nominations failed to be approved by Congress, so the person with the highest votes was selected from the three to serve as the Prime Minister of the Cabinet. This is also the emperor's control over the Cabinet. After all, it is impossible to delegate all power at once.
After being elected as Prime Minister of the Cabinet, the Prime Minister can start forming a cabinet. The Prime Minister has the power to appoint a deputy minister and fourteen cabinet ministers by himself. There is no need to pass the parliament. This can ensure that the cabinet teams are quickly formed, otherwise they will nominate one by one, and pass , By the year of the Monkey and Horse Month, the cabinet will not be formed, and the Prime Minister nominated and appointed by him will of course be his own good friends and close to the ministers. This will also ensure the unity of the cabinet and better carry out state affairs. At the same time, the Prime Minister can also remove the cabinet deputy prime minister and cabinet at any time. Ministers, change others, but the cabinet list needs to be approved by the emperor.
However, in order to prevent the Prime Minister from becoming a relative of the cabinet and forming a party for personal gain, the candidates for the position of deputy prime minister and fourteen cabinet ministers also have certain restrictions on qualifications, age, work experience, professionalism, etc., and the candidates for cabinet ministers appointed by the Prime Minister cannot be separated from these Of course, if there are special talents, it is not impossible to use them out of order, but this must be passed by Congress. Officials of other departments shall be determined by the cabinet meeting, and officials within each department shall be appointed and removed by officials of each department.
The term of office of a cabinet prime minister is five years, and can be nominated by the emperor, re-elected for one term, or two terms can be served separately, but no one can serve as prime minister for more than two terms, unless it is adopted by Congress during a large-scale war in the empire. , can be re-elected for multiple terms. If an accident occurs during the Prime Minister during his term of office and cannot complete his term of office, the Deputy Prime Minister will act as the Prime Minister until the end of his term of office. At the end of his term of office, the cabinet will be dissolved. Whether other members will remain in office will be re-elected by the new Prime Minister. It is determined that the cabinet will not be held as a cabinet member after the term of office of the cabinet prime minister ends.
This means that no matter who it is, you can only sit in the position of Prime Minister of the Cabinet for ten years, and you can no longer hold other positions in the Cabinet. This will prevent the powerful ministers from controlling the state affairs for a long time or staying in the Cabinet for a long time. In fact, for the ruling ministers, it has been a long time since they were able to control the regime for ten years. Generally speaking, except for some powerful ministers, ministers who have been able to control the regime for more than ten years have been in the past dynasties. It's rare to say.
At the same time, the cabinet submits an annual work report to Congress at the end of each year and is approved by Congress before it can continue to rule in the second year. If it is not approved by Congress, the Congress will vote on the cabinet for distrust. The Prime Minister's rule can be settled in advance and the cabinet will be dissolved. A new prime minister is re-elected to form a cabinet. During the term of a cabinet, the Congress has the power to ignite the Prime Minister at any time. The emperor's veto power can veto the Congress' vote of distrust, but cannot veto the jeopardy.
Although the legislative power and decision-making power now belong to the parliament and the power of the cabinet was greatly weakened, the emperor also gave up a large amount of power, and in principle he had basically given up the executive power. Therefore, the independent administrative power of the cabinet has been greatly increased. The power of the cabinet prime minister must be restricted, and these measures are all restricted by the power of the cabinet prime minister.
It can be said that this cabinet system has been quite perfect. It not only gives the cabinet great power, but also adds multiple restrictions to the cabinet. In addition, with the cooperation of the parliament, it is because the emperor ignores the government. Under the circumstances, it can also ensure the smooth progress of national affairs, and under these restrictions, it is almost impossible for the powerful ministers who control the government to appear again.
Therefore, after submitting this cabinet system to Congress for discussion, both the Senate and the House of Representatives were approved, and there was almost no modification of Renhe, because in this era, China has indeed come into contact with the modern cabinet system for the first time. Therefore, it is difficult to say a little bit about the cabinet system formulated by Shang Yi. Anyway, I think it's almost done.
Of course, compared with the British cabinet and the Dutch rule in the same era, the cabinet system formulated by Shang Yi was indeed much more mature and perfect. Later, the cabinet system of the Chinese Empire was also learned and cited by many European countries and was created in many aspects. After all, in this era, the modern republic and parliamentary cabinet system have just begun, so there are still many shortcomings. However, Shang Yi has more than 360 years of experience and directly from later generations. The essence extracted from the system is of course very different.
Moreover, this also made many historians who studied Shang Yi in later generations amazed at Shang Yi's talent. In the mid-17th century, a very complete parliamentary system and cabinet system could be established. Therefore, some people call Shang Yi a modern democratic system. Of course, many of my father also felt it was incredible, because Shang Yi's thoughts were a little too advanced. It was difficult to convince people by just using extraordinary talents to explain them.
Of course, Shang Yi would not know the troubles of future generations, but the cabinet system has passed the decision of Congress, so it must be implemented immediately. On the second day after the cabinet system was passed, Shang Yi also submitted his first one to Congress. Of course, Wang Fuzhi is the candidate for the prime minister.
This nomination was also voted by the majority of the House of Representatives, because before Shang Yi became emperor, Wang Fuzhi had already been the chief minister of the Shang Yi regime for four or five years. Over the years, his work ability and work achievements have been obvious to all. Although he does not have the soldiers in front, he is as dazzling as Li Yan of the United Front Work Department and Du Yinxi, he is a hero behind the scenes who will not be dismantled or detained. On the one hand, In charge of the normal government operation of the regime, on the other hand, he also tried his best to allocate various resources. It not only ensured the supply of the front line, but also maintained the national economy and people's livelihood. It is indeed very difficult. Therefore, it can also be said that Wang Fuzhi also made great contributions to the establishment of the Chinese Empire. No, you can definitely be ranked in the top three.
It is precisely because of this that Wang Fuzhi was nominated by Shang Yi and approved by the Congress, which is of course natural. So Wang Fuzhi also became the first cabinet prime minister of the Chinese Empire.
After Wang Fuzhi took office, he immediately started to form a cabinet. He was nominated first, and Li Yan was appointed as deputy prime minister. Because the two had worked together for many years, they were very familiar with each other. Of course, they were the deputy prime ministers, and the cabinet. In fact, most of the fourteen departments have already been found, so Wang Fuzhi did not change the candidates for these departments and continued to remain in office. The other two members of the original cabinet, Li Gefei, served as Minister of Foreign Affairs and Colonial Affairs, and Li Songchen, served as the organization. Minister of the Ministry is still a cabinet minister.
However, another newly established department, the Ministry of National Defense, is also a channel for the military to participate in national politics. Although the military should not interfere with national politics, the national political behavior cannot be completely separated from the military. Therefore, the military uses normal channels, It is also very important to occupy a place in the cabinet and in national politics. In fact, it is equivalent to the Ministry of War of the Ming Dynasty. However, the Minister of War of the Ming Dynasty was all civilian officials, but according to the cabinet system, the Minister of Defense must be He is appointed by active-duty soldiers.
This is also a major change made by Shang Yi. Officials in the military system must be appointed by active-duty soldiers. Professionals should work as professionals. They must never engage in any system of superiority and inferiority in literature and inferiority in civil servants and restrain military generals. Otherwise, it will only weaken the combat effectiveness of the army.
The candidate for the Minister of Defense of Wang Fuzhi nominated by Zhou Shaohuan. According to the principle of active-duty soldiers as Minister of Defense, he can only choose from the commanders of the eight military regions. In fact, there are three candidates suitable for Minister of Defense of the Ministry of Defense, namely Zhou Shaohuan and Cheng Jin. Li Dingguo, the qualifications, military ranks and military achievements of these three people are almost the same, so you can choose anyone.
But now Cheng Jin is the commander of the Beijing Military Region, and is responsible for Beijing's security and suppressing Mongolia. Li Dingguo is the commander of the Gansu Military Region. Not only does he also suppress Mongolia, but he also takes over the tasks of Qinghai and Xinjiang in the northwest, so he cannot be mobilized at will for the time being. Only Zhou Shaohuan is now the commander of the Shandong Military Region, and his defense zone has nothing to do, so Wang Fuzhi chose Zhou Shaohuan.
Of course, after the establishment of the Ministry of National Defense, the former United Front Work Department was not cancelled, but this is a restructuring content of the military system, so it is put on the list first.
Soon, the list of the cabinet was handed over to Shang Yi, and Shang Yi had no objection to this, and agreed to it all. Of course, Shang Yi also made other arrangements for Cheng Jin and Li Dingguo, so the first cabinet of the empire was also Successfully formed the cabinet and started work.
{Piaotian Literature www.piaotian.com Thank you for your support, your support is our greatest motivation}