In fact, throwing firearms came into being with the production of black gunpowder. They have been around in China since ancient times. The throwing firearms of the Song Dynasty, known as thunderbolts, can be regarded as the form of hand grenades. They are nearly 200 years earlier than the emergence of artillery and blunderbuss.
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It's just that the explosive power of black powder is limited. If you want to increase the lethality of throwing firearms, you can only increase the gunpowder and mix some iron sheets and iron blocks in it. Moreover, throwing firearms rely entirely on human power, and the increased weight also makes it impossible to throw them.
Far away, it would be too troublesome and difficult to master if thrown by a machine such as a trebuchet. Therefore, after the invention of artillery and guns, throwing firearms were rarely used. Therefore, although the Ming Dynasty also made thunderbolts in the early
, but later it was discontinued because no one used it.
This is true not only in China, but also around the world. In the 18th and 19th centuries, with the stability and development of gun performance and the reduction of castle offensive and defensive battles, hand grenades were once given a cold reception by armies around the world.
.However, during the First World War, due to the rise of trenches, street fighting, and street warfare, grenades were widely used again. Therefore, until the era before Shang Yi traveled, grenades were still one of the necessary equipment for individual army soldiers.
one.
Naturally, Shang Yi is aware of these historical facts. In this era, although hand grenades have the disadvantages of short attack distance and limited explosive power, compared with artillery and gunfire, they also have advantages such as simple operation, short burst time, and large strike range. Muling
The simple grenades used by the army weigh about two kilograms each, and the throwing distance is about forty to fifty meters, which is about thirty or forty steps. They are just within the blind spot of the artillery, because they are used
The explosive power of grenades is much greater than that of ordinary black powder. The killing diameter is about ten to fifteen meters, and sometimes it can even reach twenty meters. If used intensively, grenades can still be quite powerful in close combat.
function.
Sixty bombardiers, each throwing five, Mu Lingjun threw 300 grenades in one go, and all of them were within a range of about 30 steps from the city wall, on a battlefield with a frontal width of only more than 300 meters.
, this density is very shocking, and the Qing army's positions are very dense, so it also produces huge lethality. Some of the Qing soldiers under the city were killed by the explosion, and some were hit by flying iron pieces and nails.
He was killed and many wooden ladders were burned by the flames generated after the explosion.
In this round of attacks, at least seven to eight hundred Qing troops were killed, and another three to four hundred Qing troops were injured, especially those with thin armor or even only leather or cotton armor.
There were many reasons why Baoyi died, and many armored soldiers of the Eight Banners were also killed. This attack was easily repelled by the Muling army.
Seeing the Qing soldiers supporting the wounded soldiers and retreating in embarrassment with the corpses on their backs, Mu Ling's army burst out laughing on the top of the city.
Tang Zhen said in admiration: "Sir, I never thought that this kind of grenade could be of such great use. This time the Tatars suffered heavy losses."
In fact, when Shang Yi proposed to make hand grenades, Sun Heding, Tang Zhen and others objected, because they all knew that this thing was actually the thunderbolt used in the Song Dynasty, so it was outdated, even if it was made later.
After testing the sample, I still think that although the power of the grenade is not bad, it is not practical because of the short throwing distance. At a distance of twenty or thirty steps, even the musketeers should fix their bayonets and prepare for hand-to-hand combat. Therefore, it is not as good as
The gunpowder is used to make ammunition for artillery and blunderbuss.
However, Shang Yi still firmly believes that historical experience has proven that hand grenades can be retained until the 21st century and will have their own value. With his persistence, the craftsmen of the gunpowder factory still produced a large number of hand grenades.
In fact, the production of this thing is very simple, similar to that of firecrackers. That is, first paste a large paper cylinder, seal one end, and then fill it with gunpowder and iron pieces. Usually a half-inch layer of gunpowder is packed and compacted.
, then put in two or three pieces of iron, repeat more than ten layers, then insert the leads and press and seal. As long as the granular gunpowder is prepared, an ordinary woman can learn to make it in one day. Therefore, Mulinguan is made by classics.
More than 1,500 such hand grenades were purchased. Nearly 2,500 kilograms of black powder were used, which was almost 40% of the gunpowder stored in Muling Pass.
Although Sun Heding, Tang Zhen and others did not dare to oppose Shang Yi's decision, they were secretly distressed. More than 2,500 kilograms of black powder could make enough ammunition for artillery and blunderbuss! But they saw the results caused by the use of grenades just now.
, then I realized that Shang Yi’s decision was right. The grenade turned out to be really useful, and at the same time I admired Shang Yi even more.
Sun Heding said: "Sir, please take a look. This kind of grenade is actually the Sky Thunder of the Song Dynasty. It was also made when the Ming Dynasty was founded. However, it has always been inconvenient to use on the battlefield. Therefore, it has not been used in the Ming Dynasty for nearly a hundred years.
I have used this kind of firearm before, but how come it can play such a role in the hands of an adult?"
On Mulinguan decision-making matters, Shang Yi usually tried his best to discuss with his subordinates and come up with a unified opinion before implementing it. However, sometimes he would also enforce his decisions, but he never prohibited his subordinates from questioning his decisions, and
They also tried their best to explain clearly. Although everyone was a little confused at the time, as the effects later appeared, they all understood that Shang Yi's decision at that time was completely correct.
Therefore, after listening to Sun Heding's question, Shang Yi said: "Yue Wumu once said that the best way to use it is to use it with one heart. Every weapon has its own uniqueness, it just depends on how to use it. Just take the grenade for example.
, although the attack distance is short, it is a blind spot that artillery cannot reach, and the killing range is larger than that of firecrackers. Therefore, if used in small quantities, it will have no effect. Only concentrated use in large quantities can exert the greatest effect.
Come."
After hearing this, Sun Heding nodded repeatedly. "The best way to use it is to use it with one heart" is purely a cliche. Everyone will say that it depends on Guan Jian how to use it. But Shang Yi later said that grenades should be used concentratedly and in large quantities.
In the language, in the past, who could throw out three hundred grenades at once like Shang Yi in battles, so he said: "Your Majesty, your Majesty is indeed very generous."
Shang Yi smiled and fully accepted his compliment. Then he said: "The Tartars are attacking again. Order the artillery army to start firing, and other armies are preparing to fight."
Therefore, there was nothing else to worry about this time, so the defense of Guancheng returned to the normal mode. Artillery, bows and arrows, and firecrackers were launched in sequence according to the distance of the Qing army's advance, severely attacking the second batch of Qing army's siege.
Centaur.
Braving the fierce attack from the city head, the Qing army also left many corpses along the way, but in the end they approached the city wall again, set up the ladder again, and launched the siege again. Although in the process of approaching the city wall,
, the Qing army killed and wounded some soldiers, but the density of the siege this time was still about the same as the last time. The Muling army still arranged a three-layer three-dimensional defense to resist the Qing army's attack.
When Shang Yi saw the Qing troops gathering under the city again, he couldn't help laughing and said: "The Tatars are really stupid, haven't the lessons just been enough? They are still standing so densely under the city, aren't they going to be killed at the neck?"
Send the order and order the grenadiers to start dropping bombs again, each with five bombs again."
As Shang Yi's order was passed down, the grenadiers began to light the fuses again and threw grenades under the city.
Under the city wall, a series of earth-shaking explosions once again occurred. Even more than two hundred steps away, the Qing army's main formation could feel the earth trembling.
Turge's face twitched. The Ming army's firearms were too lethal. He couldn't help but regret in his heart that he shouldn't have sent more troops to attack the city. Because at that time, the troops who took turns to attack the city were all ready.
Seeing that the first batch of troops failed to attack the city, Turg subconsciously issued an order to attack the city in rotation. After the order was issued, he regretted it. It was just that once the order was uttered, it was difficult to reverse it, and he felt still in his heart.
With a little luck, maybe all the Ming army's firearms have been used up?
But now the cruelty is in front of us. After the smoke has cleared, the scene that happened just now appears again. The Qing soldiers who attacked the city were blown to pieces, and the battlefield was a mess. It was too horrible to see. And this time the attack
The city was naturally defeated again. The remaining soldiers were so frightened that they took the initiative to retreat without waiting for the main formation to issue an order to withdraw, even ignoring the corpses and wounded soldiers.
Bolo finally couldn't suppress his anger in his heart. He urged his horse to take a few steps forward, raised his hands and said: "No retreat, no retreat. Go back to attack the city. Everyone goes back to attack the city. Anyone who dares to take a step back will be killed."
At this moment, he heard a loud sound of gold behind him, which was the signal to withdraw his troops. Bolo was furious, turned back to his horse and said: "Who gave the order to ring the gold? Don't ring the gold. Beat the drum, attack, attack.
Keep attacking."
Turge said: "Beizi, this is my order."
Bolo was startled. Firstly, Turg was the deputy commander of this attack on Ming Dynasty and the main general of this attack on Muling Pass. Yu Gong's status was above him. Secondly, he was Nurhachi's consort.
He was Huang Taiji's uncle, and Yu Zi was his elder. Therefore, although Bolo was furious, he knew not to get angry at Turge, so he had to suppress his anger and said: "Sir, why do you want to withdraw your troops?
us……"
Turge said: "That's enough. If we continue to attack, we will only sacrifice our Qing warriors in vain. Don't forget what your Ama ordered before the expedition. If you can attack Muling Pass, attack it. Once the city is closed,
If it's difficult to capture, don't attack by force. It will be a waste of troops. Now we are in front of Muling Pass and have consumed a lot of troops. It's time to stop."
Bolo was still a little dissatisfied and said: "Our Qing Dynasty's warriors have always conquered all attacks and were invincible. Could it be that they were stumped by such a small city? In this way, our Qing Dynasty's face will be greatly affected."
over there?"
Turge said displeased: "This time we, the Qing Dynasty, sent troops to attack the Ming Dynasty. We conquered more than 80 cities and defeated the Ming army in more than 50 formations. Therefore, it was a difficult victory. Even if we could not capture the Muling Pass, we would not suffer any damage."
The face of our Qing Dynasty. What’s more, this time our Qing Dynasty sent troops just to seize the wealth and silk of the children of the Ming Dynasty and consume the national power of the Ming Dynasty. When our Qing Dynasty once again sends its troops south to seize the country of the Ming Dynasty, a mere Mu Mausoleum