Because the four people are arranged, the status of scholars, farmers, industry and commerce, and the status of craftsmen is only slightly higher than that of merchants, not as good as farmers. And being a businessman can also make a fortune, although it is not expensive, but you can enjoy wealth, and craftsmen have always been looked down upon.
, except for a very small number of master-level craftsmen, the income of ordinary craftsmen is not high, and it is just enough to support their families. Therefore, they generally cannot pass the imperial examination. Some go home to work in farming, and some do business, but there are very few of them.
A craftsman.
Although Sun Heding is essentially a scholar, he has seen the world after all, and his knowledge is much better than the average bookworm who only knows the words of saints. For him, the words of saints are of course very important, but these
Mathematics and skills cannot be ignored. What Shang Yi said is very fresh and not unreasonable. Because relying on the words of sages cannot resist the Qing army, the work of craftsmen is described as "
"Contribute to the country" is not an exaggeration.
After listening to Shang Yi's words, many of the craftsmen were moved to tears and were full of gratitude to Shang Yi.
Shang Yi saw it and sighed. Ancient China did not pay much attention to technical personnel such as craftsmen. This is also one of the reasons why China has lagged behind the world in modern times. In fact, now, China is nearly two years ahead of the world.
Thousands of years later, Yi Jing was caught up with Europe. Although China's overall national strength was still ahead of the world with its huge advantages and huge imperial foundation, in the field of cutting-edge science, China's Yi Jing began to lag behind European countries.
.
The past 1642 was only an ordinary year in Chinese history, but in world history, especially in the history of science, it was an extremely unusual year. Galileo, who is regarded as the "Father of Modern Science", was born here.
He died a year ago. In Galileo's life, he not only created many world-famous scientific achievements, but more importantly, he created new methods for studying natural science. He founded scientific experimental research and combined experimental methods with mathematical methods.
A scientific research method that combines logical argumentation. This laid a solid foundation for later generations of physics, astronomy, mathematics, and even the later industrial revolution. Later scientists such as Huygens, Pascal, and Newton were deeply influenced by Galileo.
Influence.
It is precisely because of this that in the following two hundred years, Europe was able to make great strides in development and progress. It was not until the end of the 18th century that it finally established a comprehensive advantage over China. During these two hundred years, China
Not only did it stagnantly move forward, but in some aspects it even appeared to be in retreat until the Opium War began in 1860.
Although in later generations, there are still people who argue about whether China was still backward in the 19th century and whether it was inevitable or accidental to be bullied by the great powers. The most representative view is that according to the results of research by some scientific institutions, in
In 1860, China's GDP accounted for 25% of the world's GDP, while the United Kingdom only accounted for 4% to prove that China was not backward at that time. But Shang Yi knew that these people deliberately ignored the fact that China at that time
Its territory is fifty times that of the UK, and its population is thirty times that of the UK. With such a huge national strength and population base, it is only six or seven times larger than the UK. What’s more, in the field of science and technology, China at that time was even more advanced than the UK.
Out of reach.
Thinking of this, Shang Yi couldn't help but shook his head and smiled bitterly. He thought too far. There are still more than two hundred years before the Opium War. He can't control that far, so he should do the things in front of him first. Say it again.
At present, there are a total of 725 formal craftsmen in Mulingguan, including 285 blacksmiths, 173 carpenters, 127 gunpowder makers, 82 plasterers, and others. There are fifty-eight craftsmen, and there are more than two hundred apprentices. Although it is impossible to raise the status of technicians to the heights of future generations at once, you can still improve their treatment and treatment within your own capabilities, and position within the group.
In the following days, after detailed discussions between Shang Yi, Sun Heding and other craftsmen, several regulations were formulated regarding the treatment of craftsmen:
First, formal craftsmen are divided into three professional title levels: technician, technician, and engineer. Each level is divided into junior, assistant, and senior levels. There are nine levels in total. Those who do not meet the standard of technicians are apprentices. And each level is divided into three levels: technician, technician, and engineer. The treatment of each level is different. The technician starts from 2 taels of silver, and each level adds 2 taels of silver. The technician starts from 10 taels of silver, and each level adds 3 taels of silver. The engineer starts from 20 taels of silver, and each level adds 5 taels of silver. .Apprentices only have five coins of silver per month. At the same time, there are other subsidies for each type of work depending on the actual situation.
Second, each formal craftsman in Mulingguan is rated according to his or her technical proficiency. However, except for Sun Heding, who is rated as a junior engineer, and the heads of other types of work can be rated as junior technicians, other craftsmen are only rated as technicians. Level three will be assessed every year from now on, and everyone will have a fair opportunity for promotion. Of course, the assessment standards will be slowly formulated by Sun Heding and the heads of other types of work.
Third, provide free literacy education to each craftsman. Illiterate craftsmen can only be rated as junior technicians at most and cannot obtain higher professional titles. In the future, each craftsman will gradually be provided with professional technical training and learning.
Fourth, the craftsman's remuneration is within ten taels of silver, and he can choose to pay in silver or rice. The price of each stone and rice is calculated as two taels of silver. The part exceeding ten taels of silver will be paid in silver.
Fifth, special rewards will be implemented for craftsmen with technology and product innovation.
These five regulations have greatly improved the treatment of craftsmen, and at the same time widened the difference in treatment between craftsmen of all levels. A junior technician can earn one stone per month, which can basically meet the living needs of a family, while the highest senior engineer can earn more than one stone per month. With other subsidies, the annual income can reach four to five hundred taels of silver, which is comparable to that of a moderately wealthy family. If you have technology and product innovation, you can also get a higher income. This will increase the enthusiasm and innovation of craftsmen. , has great appeal.
Because the price of rice in Shandong has soared now, even in Qingzhou, Laizhou, Dengzhou and other places that were not looted by the Qing army, it has reached sixty-seven taels of silver and one stone, and in some areas it has even exceeded ten taels. Therefore, the payment of wages is mainly Calculated in meters. However, food is a commodity in short supply after all, so the portion exceeding ten taels of silver must still be paid in silver.
In addition, requiring craftsmen to be literate is also a key requirement of Shang Yi, because only literacy can enable craftsmen to master more knowledge, so that they can improve their technical level better and faster. Of course, for those older craftsmen, Although it is more difficult to learn to read now, after being promoted to a junior technician, you will have an income of ten taels of silver per month, which can reach the level of a well-off family, which is also very good.
Therefore, after these five regulations were formulated, Sun Heding and several craftsmen were very satisfied, so Shang Yi asked Sun Heding to announce it to the craftsmen and began to evaluate the professional titles of each craftsman.
In the following days, Shang Yi was waiting for the imperial court's promotion decree, and at the same time he was supervising the progress of various tasks in Muling Pass.
First, Zhou Shiqi and Zhou Shaoqing worked out a demographic and distribution plan. According to their statistics, Shangyi Group now has a total population of 83,477 people, including 51,693 men.
There are 31,784 women, including 42,137 young men, 5,352 young men, and 23,44 young women.
One hundred and twenty-two people, including 3,673 young women. The total household registration is 28,825 households.
According to the support, 13,335 households will be resettled in Yishui County, of which 5,178 households will be resettled in the county, the rest will be resettled in 15 villages, and 11,000 households will be resettled in Linqu County
There are 874 households, of which 4,329 households are resettled in the county, the rest are divided into 12 villages, and another 3,616 households are resettled in Muling Pass.
All 846 prisoners of the Qing army were placed in Muling Pass.
Shang Yi had no objection to this and asked Zhou Shiqi and Zhou Shaoqing to make arrangements immediately.
At this time, Ye Yaojia and Sun Hejing finally completed the calculation of all the supplies in Muling Pass. Except for the 100,000 taels of silver and 50,000 stone meters that were supported by Zeng Hualong, the current supplies in Muling Pass are still very rich.
In terms of silver and valuables, there are 1,126,500 taels of silver, 7,460 taels of gold, more than 1,680 taels of pearls, and a total of 23,700 taels of silk and satin of various colors.
There are more than 4,200 pieces of horses, satin and fur clothes, and more than 13,630 pieces of various utensils. In terms of food, there are 145,200 shi of various rice and chestnuts, and 30,000 shi of flour.
Six thousand six hundred and seventy stones, 63,700 stones of miscellaneous grains, and more than 62,500 stones of feed for horses and livestock. In terms of livestock, excluding horses, there are 4,637 cattle.
, 6,758 donkeys, 12,674 pigs, 11,386 sheep, and more than 6,470 chickens, ducks, and poultry.
From the current point of view, the grain alone that Shang Yi has on hand is enough to pay for more than a year and a half. However, because the wages of craftsmen and soldiers are mainly paid in grain, the actual supply of grain cannot even support one year.
. And Shang Yi ordered people to contact the Lin family in Qingzhou Prefecture to see if they could buy grain from the south. Buy as much as you can. Anyway, there is enough money now, so there is absolutely no harm in hoarding more grain.
At the same time, in order to prevent the outflow of grain, Shang Yi also strictly stipulated that within his jurisdiction, any private person was prohibited from engaging in grain trading business without the permission of the Mulingguan Qian General Directorate. Once discovered, the property and land of local residents would be confiscated.
The whole family was punished with hard labor. The property of foreign traders was confiscated and they were punished according to the quantity of transactions.