The fifth year of Shunzhi, 1648, was the year of Dinghai on the lunar calendar, so this Beijing riot was called the "Change of Dinghai" in later history books.
Several years later, the "Dinghai Incident" in Chinese history textbooks all explained this: Due to the brutal ruling policy implemented by the Qing rulers, the rebellious sentiment of the people of Beijing gradually arose, and it occurred in December of the fifth year of Shunzhi
The Hangzhou Times case became the fuse of the Dinghai Incident. Unwilling to be oppressed by the Qing rulers, finally, on December 21, a large-scale uprising broke out in Beijing's citizens.
This uprising lasted for a total of three days, and the number of people participating in the uprising reached more than 200,000. The uprisingers and Qing soldiers fought bravely, defeating the reinforcements of Qing troops many times and attacked the important Qing Dynasty.
The official, Prince Li's mansion, killed Daishan and burned Prince Li's mansion, achieving brilliant results.
However, due to insufficient preparations for this uprising and lack of major leaders, the Qing Dynasty was too strong at this time, so the uprising finally ended in failure, with the number of deaths reaching 150,000
Many people. But this uprising effectively attacked the foundation of the Qing Dynasty's rule and showed the power of the people to the Qing rulers.
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Of course, Dorgon would not know how the future people would evaluate this "Dinghai Incident", nor would he think about the future, because there were a lot of aftermath waiting for him to deal with.
Although the chaos lasted for three days in total, the next day, after a large number of troops entered Beijing, the situation in Beijing was basically controlled, but the chaos had spread to Beijing at this time.
Outside the city, it was not until the third day that the riots in Beijing and surrounding areas were roughly pacified.
The number of civilians killed in this riot did reach more than 150,000, but nearly 20,000 of them were all Manchus. After the riots were basically settled, there were less than 200,000 residents in Beijing.
Almost all of them were Manchu. After the Qing army marched into Beijing, the rest of the Han people were afraid of being massacred, so they fled to the surrounding Tongzhou, Miyun, Huairou and other places, forming a stream from Beijing as the core.
The refugee wave spreading around it until March and April of the following year, the refugee wave was completely calmed down.
In addition, during this riot, thousands of houses and houses were burned in Beijing, and many blocks and all the alleys were gone. If the palace was excluded, more than 30% of the damaged areas were also included.
Including the residences of many Manchu and Han officials.
Since the Ming Dynasty established its capital in Beijing, by the end of the Ming Dynasty, the scale of Beijing's cities has been formed, with the addition of inner and outer cities, which is about 700,000, and the population of surrounding areas has been completed.
More than one million. Although in the 17th year of Chongzhen, Beijing changed hands several times between Li Zicheng, Shang Yi and the Qing court, and after several changes of flags, the population of Beijing has never decreased significantly, and the city has
The scale has not been greatly damaged.
Among them, Shang Yi only stayed in Beijing for a few days. Although Li Zicheng stayed in Beijing for a long time and made a big fuss, his main targets were officials, honorary relatives, and wealthy families, although there were also a few Dashun Army.
The soldiers did do some robbery and robbing the civilians, but overall, they did not cause large-scale harm to the civilians. Later, when Li Zicheng withdrew from Beijing, he just set fire
Half of the palace burned, and although it also affected some residential areas of civilians, there were not many areas that were destroyed.
Later, the Qing court entered Beijing and kept building in Beijing. Of course, it was even more impossible to destroy Beijing's urban buildings. On the contrary, many buildings were restored in recent years. Although the Qing court firmly settled Beijing, the Eight Banners nobles were Once, he was domineering and reckless in Beijing, but he did not launch a large-scale massacre in Beijing, so the population of Beijing did not decline significantly. And he also wanted to enclose land, invest in the recharge method, and so on. It mainly targets Tongzhou, Miyun, Huairou and other places around Beijing, and has some impact on Beijing, but it has not fundamentally changed what Beijing has?
But this time, Beijing City can be regarded as the biggest damage since the capital was built in the Ming Dynasty. But even so, it is not over. After the situation in Beijing stabilized slightly, it occurred between Manchu and Han, The strong confrontation was caused by the death of Prince Li Daishan.
Daishan's death was actually a very accidental event. When the riot was at its most intense, it was not just Prince Li's Mansion, but almost all the nobles in Manzhou, such as Prince Ying Ajige and Prince Zheng Jiergalang, The residences of Prince Abatai and others of Duluo Raoyu were also attacked by the riots, but these princes Beile are all from martial arts and have enough staff in the mansion, although there are also several residences of Prince Beile. He was attacked but could still protect his own safety. At most, he was frightened. But only Daishan was the only one who had an accident.
Later, through the escorts around Shishan, the following is this, when the people rioted and attacked Prince Li's Mansion, Daishan immediately organized the servants, Baoyi and his family to resist. Although Daishan was sixty-six The elderly man, but after all, was a battlefield that had been through a long time, and personally wore armor and knives to attack and supervise the battle. The slaves of Prince Li's mansion also worked very hard and repelled the attacks of the people several times. Later, the common people were just A group of mobs, vulnerable, did not take them seriously. They waved their swords to fight and killed two people. The slaves, Baoyi, hurriedly surrounded Daishan, while protecting his safety, and praising him. If the prince’s sword is not old, the prince should be stronger.
Originally, the rioters were difficult to break through the Prince's Mansion, so they were ready to retreat, but at this moment, a few grenades were thrown in from outside the wall, one of which happened to fall next to Daishan's side and explode. Daishan was bombed at that time The body was covered in blood and the people were not aware of the situation. The servants of Prince Li's mansion were immediately in chaos. As a result, the rioters took the opportunity to attack Prince Li's mansion and burned Prince Li's mansion, which also became the transition of this Dinghai The biggest achievement. Although Daishan was taken back for rescue later, he had already received the bento.
After Dorgon's second comeback, Dai Shan once again withdrew from the Qing court's political arena and went back to be his own free-spirited prince. But Dai Shan was the stern elder of the Qing court after all, with his son, grandson and great-grandson all over the place. The Qingting also had a considerable influence. Even Dorgon did not dare to pretend to be the emperor's uncle, the regent, when he saw him, he would still call him second brother respectfully.
Therefore, Dai Shan's accidental death also aroused strong anger among many Manchu nobles. However, the problem was that when the war was in chaos, it was impossible to find the murderer who killed Dai Shan, and it was found that the Manchu nobles were the ones who found it. They were not willing to put their revenge on only one murderer, and their targets were aimed at the entire Han people.
Some people suggested killing all the Han people in Beijing to pay tribute to Daishan's undead, which was approved by many people, so there were several Sun Luoluohun of Daishan, Karkhuk, and Bal.
With the leadership of Chu Kao, Basha, Hulibu and others, more than 100 people were organized and went out to the streets immediately, intending to kill the Han people when they saw them, but the whole group of people walked around Beijing but did not kill them.
A few Han people. Because there were not many Han people left in Beijing at this time, some of them were basically subsidized by other Manchu nobles and became Baoyi.
So someone told Dorgon that all the Han people had run away, but the Han officials were still there, and these people were not good things. They were not good at killing the Han officials who stayed in Beijing. Some people suggested that they simply not allow them.
Han people came to Beijing, and in the future, only Manchus were allowed to live in Beijing. Some people also asked Beijing to find the suburbs of Beijing. If there were no suburbs of Beijing, they would go to Tongzhou, Miyun, Huairou and other places, and they would have to kill a certain amount.
The Han people cannot.
When these memorials were sent to Dorgon, Dogun felt amused and crying. However, some people took action without waiting for Dorgon to reply and killed several Han officials in a row. Although the murdered were all middle and lower classes.
The officials also aroused dissatisfaction among many Han officials. Although the status of Han officials in Beijing is not very high, they were driven to be beaten and insulted by Manchus at most. If they could endure it, they would endure it. But now their lives are affected.
It's dangerous, of course no one can sit still.
So the Han officials also launched counterattacks. Although they could not fight hard, the literary attacks were all good at it. And to this point, they were willing to do so. Therefore, they all spoke to the Qing court with very sharp words.
, demanded that the Qing court immediately stop this arbitrary killing of Han officials and severely punish the perpetrators. Of course, although the memorial was fierce, they also paid great attention to the degree. The theme was always around the Manchu and Han family, without Han officials, and the Qing court
I can't sit steadily and other aspects are developing.
Of course, there were also many Han officials who had given up on the Qing court and simply submitted memorials to resign. Some people were too lazy to even get memorials and left. In just a few days, nearly a hundred Han people left in one go.
The officials, and the Han officials who resigned were middle and lower-level officials, and many matters decided by the court needed to be actually carried out and operated. Therefore, this group of people was missing, and although it seemed inconspicuous, the Qing court's efficiency was also
Reduced by half.
At the same time, the conflicts between Man and Han were gradually quelling, but they were developing more and more intensely after the riots gradually subsided, which also made Duo Gun unexpected. And Xiang Fan Wencheng, Ning Wan, Hong Chengchou and other people.
The transformed Han people also submitted memorials to Dorgon. If this problem is not solved as soon as possible, the consequences may be more serious than the riot.