In November 1899, shortly after the counterfeit currency incident in the Far East had just subsided, Standard Chartered Bank in London, England, welcomed the last batch of VIP guests at the end of the month. After presenting their deposit certificates, these guests withdrew a total of 85 million pounds stored here.
A batch of supplies had been stored, and on this day, the United States announced a compromise on the Far East sailor incident.
However, the United States only agreed to pay compensation of 1.5 million U.S. dollars. Just when countries around the world thought that the Far East was going to go to war with the United States, the Far East actually agreed to the United States' conditions, so the Far East navy and army in the Philippines withdrew, and then the U.S. government once again sent additional troops to the Philippines.
The number of soldiers reached 80,000, but it seemed that just as the nineteenth century was coming to an end, many major events still happened in the world.
France's agreement to lease Guangzhou Bay was officially reached with the Qing government. People in Shandong prevented Germany from building a railway. Britain officially became a protectorate of Nigeria in Africa. Strike waves swept across Europe. After Britain gave up its sovereignty over the Samoa Islands, the U.S. Senate finally recognized the 1899
In the Anglo-German Treaty signed in November, Britain assembled a strong military force near the Cape of Good Hope, forcing the Boers to switch from offensive to defensive.
The Indians in Texas, once a Mexican territory, officially declared their independence from Mexico, the United States acquired Wake Island, and Canadian troops went to South Africa to participate in the Anglo-Boer War.
The late Qing government appointed Zaiyi and his 9-year-old son Pujun as the prince and the heir to the Guangxu Emperor. It was known as the "Jihai Establishment" in history. Britain and South African states began to promote peace negotiations for the Anglo-Boer War. Germany issued the first
The second phase of the Shipbuilding Act began to expand the country's naval fleet, and it was expected to build 300,000-ton ships within ten years. The Germans' crazy shipbuilding plan suddenly made countries around the world make a shocking decision in the last year of the 19th century.
decision, but at the same time they swarmed up.
The bell of 1900 rang. This was the last year of the 19th century. A year that was supposed to go by peacefully, a series of events happened. On January 27, the eve of the Chinese Lunar New Year, the British troops stationed in the Qing Dynasty...
The envoys of the United States, France, Russia, Germany, Italy and other countries unanimously requested the late Qing government to put an end to the frequent rebellions of the Boxer Rebellion.
Since the Boxer Rebellion at this time had expanded to a point where it could not be suppressed in a short period of time, the late Qing government dispatched the Hunan Army and the Huai Army to march against the rebellion. However, the Qing Dynasty was still unable to control the Boxer Rebellion in the end.
In fact, the rise of the Boxer Rebellion was a serious consequence of a variety of reasons, the most important of which was the increasingly intensified conflict between imperialism and the entire Chinese people. After the defeat of the Sino-Japanese War of 1898-1894, the land of China fell into a state dominated by imperialism.
In the situation of carving up by the great powers, the imperialists of various countries intensified their all-round political and economic aggression against China, which deepened the crisis of the Chinese nation and caused great harm to the Chinese people. This became the fundamental reason for the rise of the Boxer Rebellion.
The direct cause of the rise of the Boxer Rebellion was lesson plans. The main reasons for the frequent occurrence of lesson plans are as follows:
(1) Extraterritorial jurisdiction is above the law; in the late 19th century, Western missionaries were allowed to preach and establish churches in the mainland. Under extraterritorial jurisdiction, not only the Western clergy of the church were not subject to the jurisdiction of the Qing government, but also ordinary Chinese believers.
They were often protected by churches. In local areas, Christian churches often had fierce conflicts with local people due to differences in culture, customs, and other reasons. As a result, some unscrupulous church members oppressed local working people. However, the local governments of the Qing Dynasty were often afraid of the church's influence.
Extraterritorial jurisdiction, not wanting to antagonize foreigners but failing to handle matters impartially, resulting in all kinds of backlogged public anger.
(2) Xenophobic mentality, local economic bankruptcy in the late Qing Dynasty; the late 19th century was the disintegration of traditional social disciplines. In such a changing era, many people were panicked, so various secret societies emerged one after another, and Western churches and congregations
Foreigners and foreign goods have become the main targets of hatred.
(3) Rumors are everywhere. In feudal society, there were many rumors that slandered Western missionaries. For example, foreign hospitals specialized in gouging out children's eyes to make poison, and priests used special instruments to absorb boys' sperm, etc. However, in general
The people are completely superstitious about such rumors, which makes everyone feel insecure and hate Westerners and believers even more deeply.
(4) Secretly instigated by the conservative forces, in addition to preaching everywhere, Western churches will also establish medical schools, advocate the elimination of bad habits, such as women's foot binding and concubinage, and spread new ideas, such as constitutionalism and democracy. This will inevitably lead to
The accumulation of hatred by conservative forces is also closely related to the natural disasters suffered by North China in the late 19th century.
The Boxer Rebellion is divided into several organizations, 1. White Lotus Sect, 2. Broadsword Society, 3. Township League, and 4. Boxing Society.
The composition of the Boxers was extremely complex, including poor farmers, handicraftsmen, urban poor, small traders and transport workers and other lower-class people, as well as some green camp officers and soldiers, wealthy gentry and even some princes and nobles. In the later period, many gangsters and scoundrels were also mixed in. "
From the princes, ministers and ministers to the prostitutes, officials and soldiers, there is almost no one who is not in a group!"
However, this also made the organization of the Boxers extremely loose, which was not conducive to concentrating efforts to attack the enemy. The Boxers could be divided into official groups, private groups and fake groups.
The official group refers to accepting recruitment from the late Qing government, registering with the late Qing government, accepting the command of Qing officials, and receiving a certain amount of food and salary. Therefore, the official group is recognized by the late Qing government and obeys its dispatch. Indirect recognition of the official group is the late Qing government.
The Boxers controlled by the Qing government.
Most of the private groups were voluntarily organized by the members of the group, with great independence, and engaged in the struggle to destroy the foreign countries on their own.
The fake group is very complicated. Generally speaking, the Boxers are a loose organization that almost everyone can join, but in fact, many Boxer organizations were suppressed by the late Qing government in the name of fake groups.
There are two situations in the fake group. First, those who disobey the rule of the late Qing government and pose a threat to it, so they are used as an excuse to eliminate and suppress. Second, some undesirable elements and even religious people pretend to be members of the Boxer Rebellion.
Then he went on a rampage of lawlessness.
However, the Boxers had their own set of strict disciplines. For example, the official Boxer Rebellion issued ten group rules, such as "Don't be greedy for money, don't be lustful, don't disobey your parents' orders, don't violate court laws, kill foreigners, destroy corrupt officials, and you must bow your head when walking in the market.
Don’t look to one side or the other, and when you meet people who share the same path, you will be treated as equals.”
These precepts were well observed in the early stages of the development of the Boxer Rebellion. They were neither seeking fame nor profit. They worked hard and risked their lives on the battlefield. They unanimously agreed and united as one. They only killed foreigners and religious people and did not harm ordinary people.
Good people, judging from this, seem to be righteous!
But in the later period, the discipline of the Boxers was corrupted, and the city was burned day and night, with fires burning day and night. Anyone they disliked was designated as a religious member, and their whole families were killed. Hundreds of thousands of people died. After killing, they were killed with swords and spears.
, causing human body disintegration and killing babies before they are born full term!
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