Hamid II's tyrannical rule began after the failure of the war with Tsarist Russia. He dissolved the parliament, stopped the implementation of the constitution, and expelled the prime minister and others collectively in the name of failure in the war. Then he lived deep in the palace.
, relying on the secret police of the Ottoman Empire to maintain its own independent rule for 30 years.
The atrocities continued. In less than two years from 1895 to 1896, Hamid II ordered the Ottoman army to carry out multiple massacres of the Armenians, with the death toll reaching 160,000. Although soon
Facing strong condemnation from the international community, Hamid II, who went his own way, was not prepared to stop the atrocities at all.
The two major groups, the British and the French, also took some measures one after another, nominally to stop these atrocities. Therefore, after the British seized Egypt, France seized Tunisia.
After Britain and France joined forces, Hamid II also began to seek more support, so Hamid II roped in the German emperor Wilhelm II who had just ascended the throne. As a reward, Hamid II allowed Germany to build the Baghdad Railway in Iraq.
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During his political rule, Hamid II also gradually realized the role of knowledge propaganda, so he implemented educational reforms in domestic affairs and education, and established 18 schools, military schools across the country, and Istanbul University in 1900.
While promoting pan-Islamism, he also promoted modernization, but attempts to separate ethnic minorities and brutal suppression continued. As for the Islamic world, Hamid II always hoped that he could eventually become the spiritual leader of the majority of Muslims.
This was also to increase his capital for confrontation with Western countries. It completely went against the Ottoman Empire's administrative system that once governed the country with shrewd talents and could be appointed regardless of race or religious background based on loyalty to the empire.
The tyrannical rule implemented by Hamid II in the country can be said to be completely against the trend. It was precisely because of his mediocre intelligence that he led Turkey and the Ottoman Empire into trouble, which also led Western countries to call him
The tyrannical rule of Hamid II, the bloody sultan, gradually led to widespread dissatisfaction among people across the Ottoman Empire, and emotions developed with different situations.
Therefore, within the Ottoman Empire, this popular sentiment supported the growth of the Turkish Youth Party. Under the leadership of Turkish youth, armed revolutions frequently broke out in various parts of the Ottoman Empire.
Originally, Hamid II came to power because the Ottoman Republican Party deposed the eldest son of Mecid I in a palace conspiracy, and Hamid II came into being. Therefore, the Ottoman Republican Party became the largest party in the Ottomans. However, with the support of the Ottoman Republican Party
Later, Hamid II ascended to the throne, but in the same year, the leader of the Ottoman Republican Party, Hatpa, who served as Prime Minister of the Ottoman Empire, and a group of leading members of the Ottoman Republican Party were expelled.
The collapse of the Ottoman Republican Party was the result of their own actions, and no one else could be blamed. However, a group of party members with no spiritual sustenance eventually secretly organized into multiple parties and secretly operated within the Ottoman Empire for a long time. They also had a goal to fight for.
The purpose is to oust Hamid II from power, but the already full-fledged Hamid II is no longer a thing of yesterday and is at the mercy of others.
During that 30-year dark age, there were minions of Hamid II all over the Ottoman Empire. As long as they found the slightest sign of intending to slander Hamid II, they could be executed immediately without reporting it, and some even directly
The whole family was bloodbathed, but under such atrocities, the people of the Ottoman Empire gradually understood that they must resist.
However, as one of the huge empires on the European continent, the military organization of the Ottoman Empire still has immeasurable combat effectiveness. As the Ottoman Empire gradually grows, the military system becomes more and more complex. However, it has a complete recruitment system, among which the main allegiance is
Hamid II's minions are the Special Guards.
The Ottoman Empire has a vast territory and numerous ethnic groups. These are the characteristics of the Ottoman Empire. In order to effectively maintain order in various places and achieve the task of guarding border defense, the Ottoman Empire not only has professional garrison troops, but also militia troops established by local people, called
Special Forces.
The Special Guards can be said to be a vassal army, but it is such a vassal army. In the long history of the Ottoman Empire, it played an extremely important role in the empire's conquest cause, and it was also an irreplaceable main role. It was important.
Sex is completely beyond everyone's imagination. Especially from the 14th to the 15th century, the main force of the Ottoman Empire's army was the special guard.
After the garrison conquers an area, it is handed over to the special forces to take over control. The locals will first be restricted in their movements. After the suzerainty is completely transferred, the garrison will then take over. Only then will the special forces leave the area and go directly to the next area.
A newly occupied territory, ready for their masters.
Everything was business as usual. With the expansion of the Ottoman Empire, the special forces rushed to various places to forcibly establish direct and effective administrative and military rule, so that the king living in the palace would have no worries.
With the crusade sweeping across Europe, rebellions broke out many times in the Ottoman Empire. This also made the king unable to trust some garrisons, and the dominant military power began to tilt towards the Secret Service.
In order to take control of the special forces, the Ottoman kings also began to arrange some descendants of Turkish nobles in this regiment. The establishment, salary, uniforms, orthodox Islamic palace education, and the role of service began to change. It was originally just a subsidiary obligation.
The militia has become a direct force, and the organization is no longer purely infantry, but has developed into high-level arms such as cavalry.
Loyalty and vassalship became the slogan of the Special Guards. They changed from a logistics force to a main force. They naturally began to harass the enemy and became the vanguard of the road. The militiamen who were originally born in poverty also began to desire the plunder and various spoils of war.
, if there is a need, there will be motivation!
The Ottoman Empire's special guards swarmed in in large numbers. They were recruited from villages along the way. During the entire campaign, they would harass and plunder neighboring people from time to time along the way, and even robbed their wives and children in the end.
, and finally brought them directly to the country and sold them as slaves. It can be said that no one except the Ottoman King likes the Special Guards. It is precisely because of the existence of the Special Guards that slaves have become a major part of Ottoman society.
The sale of female slaves was banned under pressure from Western European countries, but in the end it was not completely abolished.
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